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이윤형(Yun-Hyung Lee),안종갑(Jong-Kap Ahn),소명옥(Myung-Ok So),이준탁(Jun-Tack Lee) 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2007 한국마린엔지니어링학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-
A simple tuning methods of PI, PD and PID controller are proposed for an integrating process with time delay. This is based on matching the coefficients of corresponding powers of s in the numerator and that in the denominator of the closed-loop transfer function. For set-point tracking problem, the derived controller is found to be a PD controller which is shown by Lee's tuning rule based on minimizing the performance indexes (lSE, IAE, ITAE) using a real-coded genetic algorithm. A method can be also proposed PI, PID controllers according to tuning parameter lambda (A) similar to IMC method. Simulation example is given to illustrate the set-point tracking performance of the proposed method.
Lee, Hyuk,Lee, Jong Kyun,Kang, Seok Seon,Choi, Dongil,Jang, Kee-Tack,Kim, Jeong Hwan,Lee, Kyu Taek,Paik, Seung Woon,Yoo, Byung Chul,Rhee, Jong Chul G. Thieme 2007 Hepato-gastroenterology Vol.54 No.79
<P>BACKGROUND/AIMS: The differential diagnosis of early-stage pancreatic cancer and mass-forming pancreatitis is still unsettled. The purpose of the present study was to define the differential feature of focal mass-forming pancreatitis and malignant mass using aspects of clinical, laboratory and imaging features on pancreatogram or computed tomography (CT). METHODOLOGY: Between April 1995 and May 2003, 15 patients confirmed as inflammatory mass after surgical resection for pancreatic mass and 21 patients with early-stage pancreatic adenocarcinoma among the patients diagnosed as pancreatic malignancy were included in our study. Hospital records, laboratory results, findings of imaging studies and pathological findings were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Regarding the clinical characteristics, the history of previous pancreatitis was distinguished in group with mass-forming pancreatitis. Incidence of jaundice was higher in the group with adenocarcinoma than in the mass-forming pancreatitis group. For laboratory results, CA19-9 level and alkaline phosphatase level were significantly elevated in the malignant group. Findings such as hyperattenuation on portal venous phase of CT scans and gradual tapering stricture on pancreatogram were differential diagnostic markers between the two groups. A portion of patients with mass-forming pancreatitis demonstrated the pathologic characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Our 9-year experience suggests that imaging findings such as attenuation pattern on the delayed phase of CT scan and tapering pattern of pancreatic ductal stricture on pancreatogram can help to differentiate mass-forming pancreatitis from early-stage pancreatic adenocarcinoma.</P>
Lee, Hwayoung,Nah, Seong-Su,Chang, Sung-Hae,Kim, Hyung-Ki,Kwon, Jun-Tack,Lee, Sanghyun,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Lee, Sang Won,Kim, Young Ock,Hong, Seung-Jae,Kim, Hak-Jae SPANDIDOS PUBLICATIONS 2017 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol. No.
<P>The clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) present with circadian variation, with joint stiffness and pain more prominent in the early morning. The mammalian clock genes, which include circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1, period and cryptochrome, regulate circadian rhythms. In order to identify the association between genetic polymorphisms in the circadian clock gene period 2 (PER2) and RA, the present study genotyped three PER2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs934945, rs6754875, and rs2304674, using genetic information from 256 RA patients and 499 control subjects. Primary cultured rheumatoid synovial cells were stimulated with 10 mu M lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Total protein was then extracted from the synovial cells following 12 and 24 h, and PER2 protein expression was assayed by immunoblotting. The rs2304674 SNP demonstrated a significant association with susceptibility to RA following Bonferroni correction. However, statistical analysis indicated that the SNPs were not associated with any clinical features of patients with RA. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that PER2 protein expression was decreased by LPS-induced inflammation in RA synovial cells; however, this was not observed in normal synovial cells. The results suggest that the PER2 gene may be a risk factor for RA, and expression of the PER2 protein may be affected by inflammation. Therefore, PER2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.</P>
Quality and antioxidant activity of ginseng seed processed by fermentation strains
Lee, Myung-Hee,Lee, Young-Chul,Kim, Sung-Soo,Hong, Hee-Do,Kim, Kyung-Tack The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.2
Background: Fermentation technology is widely used to alter the effective components of ginseng. This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics and antioxidant activity of ginseng seeds fermented by Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus strains. Methods: For ginseng seed fermentation, 1% of each strainwas inoculated on sterilized ginseng seeds and then incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 h in an incubator. Results: The total sugar content, acidic polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds, including p-coumaric acid, were higher in extracts of fermented ginseng seeds compared to a nonfermented control, and highest in extracts fermented with B. subtilis KFRI 1127. Fermentation led to higher antioxidant activity. The 2,2'-azine-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity was higher in ginseng seeds fermented by Bacillus subtilis than by Lactobacillus and Pediococcus, but Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity was higher in ginseng seeds fermented by Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. Conclusion: Antioxidant activities measured by ABTS and SOD were higher in fermented ginseng seeds compared to nonfermented ginseng seeds. These results may contribute to improving the antioxidant activity and quality of ginseng subjected to fermentation treatments.
Mutation of K-ras Oncogene in Thyroid Tumor Tissue
Lee, Jai Hak,Lee, Jong Seo,Kim, Seung Nam,Chang, Suk Kyun,Yoo, Seung Jin,Song, Young Tack,Cho, Won Il,Choo, Sang Yong CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1993 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.21 No.1
Point mutation of oncogene, one of the genetic alteration in cancer development, has been found in many malignant tumor tissues, Among those malignant tumors, the incidence of point mutation of K-ras oncogene was reported over 90% in pancreatic cancers, 40-50% in colotectal cancer, 25-30% in lung cancers and less than 10% in urogenital, breast or cervical cancers. Several investigators have reported the incidence of point mutation of ras oncogene was 30-50% in benign thyroid tumors and 50-80% in malignant thyroid tumors with some difference by tumor cell differentiation. Also some reports suggested ras mutation may constitute early steps in thyroid tumorigenesis. But there if few report about relation between point mutation and characteristics of mutation. In order to find out the incidence of k-ras oncogene point mutation and relation with characteristics of mutation in thyroid tumors, authors isolated DNA from each 10 normal tissue and benign and malignant tumor tissues. And then, point mutations of K-ras oncogene (four characteristics of codon 12 and one characteristic of codon 13) were detected by paired PCR with mutation-specific primer and agarose gel electrophoresis methods. The resets are as follows; 1. Any mutation was not detected in normal thyroid tissues. While point mutations were detected 7/10 cases (70%) of benign thyroid tumor tissues and in 9/10 cases (90%) of malignant tumor tissues. 2. The incidence of GGT-AGT mutation was highest in benign thyroid tumors (60%) and lowest in malignant thyroid tumors (30%). The incidences of GGT-GAT, TGT-GTT and GGC-GAC mutations were high in malignant tumors (60%). 3. There were 8/9 cases (89%) in malignant tumors and 5/7 cases (71%) in benign tumors of positive mutations over two Hinds of mutation. And also 5/9 cases (56%) of malignant tumors and 4/7 case (51%) of benign tumors expressed positive mutations over 3 kinds. Moreover two cases of each benign and malignant turners expressed all of five mutations. With above result, authors proposed that high incidence of point mutation of k-ras oncogene was detected in benign (70%) and malignant (90%) thyroid turners, and especially high incidence of GGT-AGT mutation (60%,) in benign tumors while high incidence of GGT-GAT, TGT, GTT and GGC-GAC mutations(60%) in malignant turners were noted. Also authors suggested that the point mutation may constitute early steps of thyroid tumorigenesis.