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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Steven Kou (검색결과 3 건)
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A Generalization of Friedman's Permanent Income Hypothesis with a Large, Negative Income Shock
Steven Kou,Seyoung Park 한국재무학회 2020 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.08
We generalize the Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH) of Friedman (1957) with a large, negative income shock (LNIS). We quantify the required amount of pre- cautionary savings for consumption smoothing. We nd that with the LNIS, the precautionary savings could increase as wealth increases, consistent with the US data. We also provide a general equilibrium analysis with a focus on interest rate. The agent's demand for precautionary savings is suciently strong making her save at a high rate and thus lowering the equilibrium interest rate signi cantly, which is particularly relevant to today's low-interest-rate environment. Finally, the LNIS signi cantly improves our equilibrium model's ability to match the equity premium and risk-free rate of the century-long sample (1891-1994).
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Roderick King,Jaber Hanhan,T. Kyle Harrison,Alex Kou,Steven K. Howard,Lindsay K. Borg,Cynthia Shum,Ankeet D. Udani,Edward R. Mariano 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.71 No.4
Background: Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but potentially fatal complication of anesthesia, and several different cognitive aids designed to facilitate a timely and accurate response to this crisis currently exist. Eye tracking technology can measure voluntary and involuntary eye movements, gaze fixation within an area of interest, and speed of visual response and has been used to a limited extent in anesthesiology. Methods: With eye tracking technology, we compared the accessibility of five malignant hyperthermia cognitive aids by collecting gaze data from twelve volunteer participants. Recordings were reviewed and annotated to measure the time required for participants to locate objects on the cognitive aid to provide an answer; cumulative time to answer was the primary outcome. Results: For the primary outcome, there were differences detected between cumulative time to answer survival curves (P < 0.001). Participants demonstrated the shortest cumulative time to answer when viewing the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia (SPA) cognitive aid compared to four other publicly available cognitive aids for malignant hyperthermia, and this outcome was not influenced by the anesthesiologists’ years of experience. Conclusions: This is the first study to utilize eye tracking technology in a comparative evaluation of cognitive aid design, and our experience suggests that there may be additional applications of eye tracking technology in healthcare and medical education. Potentially advantageous design features of the SPA cognitive aid include a single page, linear layout, and simple typescript with minimal use of single color blocking.
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Edward R. Mariano,Seshadri C. Mudumbai,T. Edward Kim,Steven K. Howard,Nicholas J. Giori,Steven Woolson,Toni Ganaway,Alex Kou,Robert King 대한마취통증의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.69 No.4
Background: Both neuraxial and peripheral regional analgesic techniques offer postoperative analgesia for total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. While no single technique is preferred, quadriceps muscle weakness from peripheral nerve blocks may impede rehabilitation. We designed this study to compare postoperative ambulation outcome in THA patients who were treated with a new ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca catheter (FIC) technique or intrathecal morphine (ITM). Methods: We reviewed the electronic health records of a sequential series of primary unilateral THA patients who were part of a standardized clinical pathway; apart from differences in regional analgesic technique, all other aspects of the pathway were the same. Our primary outcome was total ambulation distance (meters) combined for postoperative days 1 and 2. Secondary outcomes included daily opioid consumption (morphine milligram equivalents) and analgesic-related side effects. We examined the association between the primary outcome and analgesic technique by performing crude and adjusted ordinary least-squares linear regression. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically-significant. Results: The study analyzed the records of 179 patients (fascia iliaca, n = 106; intrathecal, n = 73). The primary outcome (total ambulation distance) did not differ between the groups (P = 0.08). Body mass index (BMI) was the only factor (β = −1.7 [95% CI −0.5 to −2.9], P < 0.01) associated with ambulation distance. Opioid consumption did not differ, while increased pruritus was seen in the intrathecal group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: BMI affects postoperative ambulation outcome after hip arthroplasty, whereas the type of regional analgesic technique used does not. An ultrasound-guided FIC technique offers similar analgesia with fewer side effects when compared with ITM.
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