Genome-wide identification and analysis of Subtilisin-like serine protease gene family in banana (Musa accuminta L.) and their expression under abiotic stresses

Purwar Shalini,Chugh Vishal,Singh Poornima,Srivastava Akhilesh Kumar,Singh Akhilesh Kumar,Mishra Akhilesh Chandra,Singh Ashutosh,Singh Chandra Mohan 한국식물생명공학회 2024 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.18 No.1

Subtilisin-like serine proteases (SBT), a serine proteolytic enzymes play an important role in plant growth function and during different stresses responses. The systematic analysis of the SBT gene family in Musa acuminate (MaSBT) has been done and their responses to abiotic stresses in banana variety cv. G-9 were also analyzed. Total of 67 MaSBT genes were identified and based on phylogeny these were grouped into five districted subgroups. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that almost all MaSBT promoters contain regulatory elementary related to growth and development, hormonal regulation, and stress responses. The gene structure and domain analysis showed a maximum of seventeen exons and four functional domains in MaSBT. The 42 orthologous genes, 07 MaSBT paralogous genes were also identified through synteny analysis. The Ka /Ks study indicated that four MaSBT paralogous gene pairs were tandemly duplicated, while the other three were segmental duplications. Further, the expression pattern via RNA-seq data revealed that MaSBTs exhibited differential expres- sion specifically in response to the abiotic stress of low nitrogen. and also during the flowering time. The MaSBT-1.7 gene was found involved in the response to salt stress and flowering. These findings establish a cornerstone for future research on banana's salt stress mechanism. The study offers valuable insights into SBT encoding genes, shedding light on their roles in growth, development, and abiotic stress responses

Plant Diversity, Tree Regeneration, Biomass Production and Carbon Storage in Different Oak Forests on Ridge Tops of Garhwal Himalaya

Chandra Mohan Sharma,Om Prakash Tiwari,Yashwant Singh Rana,Ram Krishan,Ashish Kumar Mishra 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.4

The present study was conducted on ridge tops of moist temperate Oak forests in Garhwal Himalaya to assess the plant diversity, regeneration, biomass production and carbon assimilation in different Oak forests. For this purpose, three Oak forest types viz., (a) Quercus leucotrichophora or Banj Oak (FT1; between 1,428-2,578 m asl), (b) Quercus floribunda or Moru Oak (FT2; between 2,430-2,697 m asl) and (c) Quercus semecarpifolia or Kharsu Oak (FT3; between 2,418-3,540 m asl) were selected on different ridge tops in Bhagirathi catchment area of Garhwal Himalaya. A total of 91 plant species including 23 trees (8 gymnosperms and 15 angiosperms), 21 shrubs and 47 herbs species belonging to 46 families were recorded from all the ridge top Oak forests. The highest mean tree density (607±33.60 trees ha-1) was observed in Q. floribunda forest with lower mean total basal cover (TBC) value (48.02± 3.67 m2ha-1), whereas highest TBC value (80.16±3.30 m2ha-1) was recorded for Q. semecarpifolia forest, with lowest mean stem density (594±23.43 stems ha-1). The total biomass density (TBD) across three Oak forests ranged between 497.32±83.70 (FT1) and 663.16±93.85 t ha-1 (FT3), while the total carbon density (TCD) values ranged between 228.75±22.27 (FT1) and 304.31±18.12 t ha-1 (FT3). Most of the tree species were found with good regeneration (GR) status (average 45%) in all the forest types whereas, few species were found not regenerating (NR) (average 17%) however, few new recruitments were also recorded. ANOVA (Post-Hoc Tukey’s test at 5% significance level) indicated significant forest-wise differences in TBC, TBD and TCD (in tree layer); family and evenness (in shrub layer only) values, while insignificant differences were noticed in density values of tree, seedling and herb layer.

Polymorphic transformations and optical properties of graphene-based Ag-doped titania nanostructures

Mathpal, Mohan Chandra,Tripathi, Anand Kumar,Kumar, Promod,R., Balasubramaniyan,Singh, Manish Kumar,Chung, Jin Suk,Hur, Seung Hyun,Agarwal, Arvind The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.43

<P>TiO<SUB>2</SUB> is the most studied semiconductor material for photovoltaics and photocatalyst applications, but due to a very large electron hole recombination process it is difficult to use it as a photovoltaics material. In this context graphene-decorated Ag-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanostructures have been synthesized by a simple, cost effective chemical method. In this paper, we have studied the structural transformations and electronic band structure of Ag-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> due to the incorporation of graphene oxide. Pure rutile and anatase–rutile mixed phases of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles were obtained by Ag doping and annealing at 400 °C. A large red shift was observed in most of the graphene-decorated, doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> hybrid nanostructures, which is because of the electron transfer between the conduction bands of the doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and the multilayer graphene. The Ag-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles appear in the shape of a bunch of bananas (or rice-like) because of the jumbled collection of particles, which remain unaltered even after graphene decoration. The strong electrical coupling of Ag-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> with reduced graphene oxide produces an advanced hybrid material useful for superior photovoltaics, photocatalytic activity and other applications.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Electron transfer phenomenon occurs between doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and multilayer graphene. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp02982h'> </P>

Plant Diversity, Tree Regeneration, Biomass Production and Carbon Storage in Different Oak Forests on Ridge Tops of Garhwal Himalaya

Sharma, Chandra Mohan,Tiwari, Om Prakash,Rana, Yashwant Singh,Krishan, Ram,Mishra, Ashish Kumar Institute of Forest Science 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.4

The present study was conducted on ridge tops of moist temperate Oak forests in Garhwal Himalaya to assess the plant diversity, regeneration, biomass production and carbon assimilation in different Oak forests. For this purpose, three Oak forest types viz., (a) Quercus leucotrichophora or Banj Oak (FT1; between 1,428-2,578 m asl), (b) Quercus floribunda or Moru Oak (FT2; between 2,430-2,697 m asl) and (c) Quercus semecarpifolia or Kharsu Oak (FT3; between 2,418-3,540 m asl) were selected on different ridge tops in Bhagirathi catchment area of Garhwal Himalaya. A total of 91 plant species including 23 trees (8 gymnosperms and 15 angiosperms), 21 shrubs and 47 herbs species belonging to 46 families were recorded from all the ridge top Oak forests. The highest mean tree density ($607{\pm}33.60trees\;ha^{-1}$) was observed in Q. floribunda forest with lower mean total basal cover (TBC) value ($48.02{\pm}3.67m^2ha^{-1}$), whereas highest TBC value ($80.16{\pm}3.30m^2ha^{-1}$) was recorded for Q. semecarpifolia forest, with lowest mean stem density ($594{\pm}23.43stems\;ha^{-1}$). The total biomass density (TBD) across three Oak forests ranged between $497.32{\pm}83.70$ (FT1) and $663.16{\pm}93.85t\;ha^{-1}$ (FT3), while the total carbon density (TCD) values ranged between $228.75{\pm}22.27$ (FT1) and $304.31{\pm}18.12t\;ha^{-1}$ (FT3). Most of the tree species were found with good regeneration (GR) status (average 45%) in all the forest types whereas, few species were found not regenerating (NR) (average 17%) however, few new recruitments were also recorded. ANOVA (Post-Hoc Tukey's test at 5% significance level) indicated significant forest-wise differences in TBC, TBD and TCD (in tree layer); family and evenness (in shrub layer only) values, while insignificant differences were noticed in density values of tree, seedling and herb layer.

Regeneration dynamics, population structure, and forest composition in some ridge forests of the Western Himalaya, India

Om Prakash Tiwari,Yashwant Singh Rana,Ram Krishan,Chandra Mohan Sharma,Bhupendra Singh Bhandari 한국산림과학회 2018 Forest Science And Technology Vol.14 No.2

The present study aimed to analyze the regeneration dynamics, population structure, and forest composition in some ridge forests of the Western Himalaya to elucidate the impact of climate change. The highest species richness (trees, 17; saplings, 16; seedlings, 16) was recorded in mixed Rhododendron arboreum forest. The maximum tree density (737 § 25.93 trees ha¡1; mixed Quercus floribunda); sapling density (5342 § 587.54 saplings ha¡1; mixed Quercus semecarpifolia), and seedling density (71,429 § 26,632.29 seedlings ha¡1; mixed Cedrus deodara) were recorded in forests of higher altitudes. The mean basal cover values in these forests oscillated between 39.21 § 1.53 m2 ha¡1 (mixed Quercus leucotrichophora) to 87.65 § 15.45 m2 ha¡1 (mixed Abies pindrow). The highest Shannon index value (0.51 § 0.05) and species evenness (0.36 § 0.02) for trees were recorded in mixed Rhododendron arboreum forest. Some species like Betula utilis, Myrica esculenta, Ficus rumphii, Ilex dipyrena, Quercus floribunda, Litsea elongata, Symplocos paniculata, and Abies spectabilis were noticed as new recruiters (recent invaders) in new habitats, which may change the future forest composition. This study revealed that ridge forests of the Bhagirathi catchment area were in transition phase at middle altitudes. Mixed Quercus floribunda forest was observed to be the youngest regenerating forest; however, mixed Abies pindrow forest was the most mature old-growth forest.

Extensive Analysis of Gate Leakage Current in Nano-Scale Multi-gate MOSFETs

Shekhar Yadav,Hemant Kumar,Chandra Mohan Singh Negi 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.23 No.6

Excessive gate leakage is crucial for nanoscale metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), resulting in unnecessary static power dissipation and switching delay. Herein, we used three-dimensional modeling to understand the gate leakage behavior of various nanoscale MOSFETs, including fin field-effect transistor and gate all around MOSFET. We used Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation to compute the direct quantum tunneling-based gate leakage current. We performed all computations of quantum transport for gate leakage current through the non-equilibrium Greens function approach. Among the MOSFET structures under study, the gate all around MOSFET demonstrates the most profound gate leakage deviation with the gate material work function and oxide thickness. A detailed analysis of the dependence of the gate leakage on the metal work function is presented, and the charge density model is used to explain this dependence. This work explores the possibilities of controlling the gate leakage through gate material variations in different nanoscale multi-gate MOSFET architectures.

Disturbance, Diversity, Regeneration and Composition in Temperate Forests of Western Himalaya, India

Tiwari, Om Prakash,Sharma, Chandra Mohan,Rana, Yashwant Singh,Krishan, Ram Institute of Forest Science 2019 Journal of Forest Science Vol.35 No.1

We have investigated the impact of anthropogenic and natural disturbances on regeneration, composition and diversity in some temperate forests of Bhagirathi Catchment Area of Garhwal Himalaya. The forests were categorized on the basis of canopy cover and magnitude of disturbance into highly, moderately and least disturbed classes. The dominant tree species at lower elevation were Pinus roxburghii and Quercus leucotrichophora, while Abies pindrow, Q. semecarpifolia and Rhododenron arboreum were the dominant species at the upper elevational forests. Cythula tomentosa and Indegophera heterentha were the dominant shrub species present in all the forests. Similarly, Circium wallichii and Oxalis corniculata were the dominant herb species found in all forests (except Q. leucotrichophora forest), whereas Thalictrum foliolosum and Viola pilosa were noticed in each forest (except P. roxburghii forest). The tree density values oscillated between $400{\pm}10\;trees\;ha^{-1}$ to $750{\pm}89.1\;trees\;ha^{-1}$ which generally decreased from lower to higher disturbance regimes however, the total basal cover value was highest ($88.1{\pm}23.6m^2\;ha^{-1}$) in highly disturbed forest and lowest ($25.8{\pm}2.2m^2\;ha^{-1}$) in moderately disturbed forest. The shrub and herb densities were maximum in least disturbed forest, while the young regenerating individuals i.e., sapling and seedling were observed increasing from high to low disturbed forests which reflected that the forest fragmentation adversely affected the regeneration. However, A. pindrow and P. roxburghii were found invariably encroaching the habitats of R. arboreum and Q. leucotrichophora at various altitudes, respectively. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis clearly indicated that the elevation and lopping intensity have more impact on trees, while shrub and herbs were more influenced by elevation, canopy cover, light attenuation and soil erosion. Pinus roxburghii was the only species which was affected by heavy litter removal and forest fire.

Disturbance, Diversity, Regeneration and Composition in Temperate Forests of Western Himalaya, India

Om Prakash Tiwari,Chandra Mohan Sharma,Yashwant Singh Rana,Ram Krishan 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2019 Journal of Forest Science Vol.35 No.1

We have investigated the impact of anthropogenic and natural disturbances on regeneration, composition and diversity in some temperate forests of Bhagirathi Catchment Area of Garhwal Himalaya. The forests were categorized on the basis of canopy cover and magnitude of disturbance into highly, moderately and least disturbed classes. The dominant tree species at lower elevation were Pinus roxburghii and Quercus leucotrichophora, while Abies pindrow, Q. semecarpifolia and Rhododenron arboreum were the dominant species at the upper elevational forests. Cythula tomentosa and Indegophera heterentha were the dominant shrub species present in all the forests. Similarly, Circium wallichii and Oxalis corniculata were the dominant herb species found in all forests (except Q. leucotrichophora forest), whereas Thalictrum foliolosum and Viola pilosa were noticed in each forest (except P. roxburghii forest). The tree density values oscillated between 400±10 trees ha-1 to 750±89.1 trees ha-1 which generally decreased from lower to higher disturbance regimes however, the total basal cover value was highest (88.1±23.6 m2 ha-1) in highly disturbed forest and lowest (25.8±2.2 m2 ha-1) in moderately disturbed forest. The shrub and herb densities were maximum in least disturbed forest, while the young regenerating individuals i.e., sapling and seedling were observed increasing from high to low disturbed forests which reflected that the forest fragmentation adversely affected the regeneration. However, A. pindrow and P. roxburghii were found invariably encroaching the habitats of R. arboreum and Q. leucotrichophora at various altitudes, respectively. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis clearly indicated that the elevation and lopping intensity have more impact on trees, while shrub and herbs were more influenced by elevation, canopy cover, light attenuation and soil erosion. Pinus roxburghii was the only species which was affected by heavy litter removal and forest fire.