詩經正變設考

金時俊 서울대학교 동아문화연구소 1979 東亞文化 Vol.16 No.-

It was written at the Mao Shi prefaces (毛詩序) that Shi Jing was divided into two groups; the Zheng Poem and the Bian Poem. According to this, many scholars published various assertions on how to distinguish the Zheng Poem from the Bian Poem in Shi Jing. Conseguently, these assertions were classified into four sorts. 1) Classification by the chronological order according to the political rise and fall 2) Distinction between eulogy and satire 3) Distinction the Poem which was accompanied by music from the poem which was not accompanied by it, 4) Classification by the style of the poem My study on each assertion leads to the following conclusion: 1) Although those scholars who made the first assertion defined that Shi Jing was published by the chronological order and they distinguished the Zheng Poem from the Bian poem by the table of contents, it is proved that Shi Jing was not published by the chronological order. 2) Those scholars who made the second assertion concluded that Shi-Jing was distinguished between eulogy and satiry at every prologue in Mao Shi and that the Zheng poem and the Bian Poem could be divided into eulogy or satire accordingly. But it is proved herein that the distinction eulogy from satire in Mao Shi prefaces was possible by the country and chronology without the definite standard even though the contents of the poem were the same. 3) Those scholars who made the third assertion divided Shi Jing into two parts. One that was accompanied by music was called the Zheng Poem and the other that was accompanied by music was called the Bian Poem. But it is proved that all of Shi Jing were accompanied by music 4) Those who made the fourth assertion distinguished between the Zheng Poem and the Bian Poem by the style of the Poem. But looking into the style, it is proved that the distinction between the Zheng Poem and the Bian Poem is the style itself. Thus, the above classifications seem to be unreasonable so far. Then, why did these assertions come to rise? These assertions were due to the Han scholars who regarded the poem as a remonstration. They attempted to classify the Zheng Poem as the poem of admonition and the Bian poem as that of warning. But they did not succeed in it.

Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps Sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells

Kuo, Yuh-Chi,Wu, Chia-Lin,Tasi, Wei-Jern,Wang, Jir-Yenn,Chang, Shi-Chung,Lin, Ching-Yuang,Shiao, Ming-Shi 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang₃,Ching-Yung Lin⁴,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang²,Ching-Yung Lin³,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴.¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells. Proceedings of international Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 44-64, 1999.-Cordyceps sinensis is a major parasitic fungus on larva of Lepidoptera. It is one of the well know fungi used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment asthma, lung and kideney diseases. Many fungi belonging to the genus Cordyceps have been demonstrated to produce natural products with various biological activities. Reported biological activities of genus cordyceps include:(a)inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis;(b)enhancement of cell differentiation;(c)restruction of cytoskeleton;(d)inhibition of protein kinase activity;(e)antitumor activity on bladder, colon, lung carcinoma as well as fibroblastoma;(f)inhibition of the infection and revers transciptase activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1; and(g) inhibition of methylation of nucleic acid. Thus, it is suggested that the extracts of Cordyceps sp. Contain antitumor, antiviral, and many other biological activities. In our previous studies, we proved that C. sinensis contains the antitumor and immunomodulatory agents. In the present studies, effects of C. sinensis on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids(BAL)cells were demonstrated. The crude methanolic extracts of C. sinensis were fractionated into 15 fractions by silica gel column chromatography. Effects of various fraction on BAL cells proliferation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulated interleukin-1β(IL-8),platelet activating factor(PAF), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-8(IL-8) production on BAL cells were determined. The result indicated that the CS-19-22 fraction suppressed BAL cells proliferation activated by LPS. The median inhibitory concentration(IC50) was 6㎍/ml. The CS-19-22 fraction also decreased IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-αand IL-8 production.The results of revers transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) demonstrated that the CS-19-22 fraction did not affect IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-α,and IL-8 mRNAs expression in BAL cells activated by LPS. By contrast, it inhibited the IL-10 mRNA expression but enhanced IFN-γand IL-12 mRNAs expression in activated BAL cells. Moreover, the CS-19-22 fraction blocked PAF-induced platelet aggregation. It is unlikely that cytotoxicity was involved. Because no cell deths were observable. We hypothesize that inhibitory mechanisms of CS-19-22 on BAL cells proliferation may be related to the impairments of gene expression and production of cytokines in BAL cells. The explanation of C. sinensis antiasthma function may involved the following(1)C.sinenesis contained immunomodulatory agents that stimulated IFN-γand IL-12 expression in TH1cells.(2)Enhanced secretion of IFN-γand IL-12 will inhibit the Tγcells immune responses Ex. Decreasing of IL-6 and IL-10 production.(3) The impairments of cytokines production in TH2 cells suppressed th BAL cells proliferation then more cytokines production Ex.IL-1β,PAF,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-8 in activated BAL cells were decreased. (4)The suppression of TH2cells immune responses will inhibit the growth and differentiation of B cells then IgE production will be decreased. (5)Reduced production of IgE will decreased asthma attack occurring in individuals. However, the results of the present study suggested that C. sinensis may also have acted to treat asthma in part by inhibiting BAL cells proliferation and cytokine gene expression and production. Future, experiments with treatment of animals with asthma with C. sinensis will be necessary to defined whether C. sinensis can reduce asthma injury. Plans are underway for the isolation of pure principal growth inhibitors and their mechanisms of action are subjected for further study.

Study on Marketing Policy of Beijing’s Incentive Tourism Promotion

Shi,Mei-Yu 동북아관광학회 2011 동북아관광연구 Vol.7 No.2

Hot Deformation Characteristics and Processing Map Analysis of Pre-Forged AZ80 Magnesium Alloy

Shi‑quan Huang,Ming Lu,Sheng‑lan Luo,Hai‑lin He,You‑ping Yi 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

The hot deformation behavior of pre-forged AZ80 magnesium alloy is investigated by the isothermal compression tests attemperatures of 523–683 K and strain rates of 0.0001–0.1 s−1, and analyzed by the processing maps for guiding isothermaldie forging. Flow localization and even cracking occurs at low temperatures and high strain rates, where shear deformationdegree shows a positive correlation with the ��( ̇�� ) value. Two stability regions with high efficiency is found out by theprocessing maps. At common stability region with high temperatures and low strain rates, peak power dissipation efficiencydoes not represent optimum deformation condition as reported in other materials. A Z parameter criterion is introduced forparameters optimization. javascript:void(0); a new stability domain of 523–590 K and 0.0001–0.01 s−1 is observed, which istypical for fine microstructure composed of equiaxed clean α-Mg grains and big particles both about 1 μm (573 K/0.01 s−1).Super plasticity is speculated to occur at that condition.

등속성 근력 측정기를 이용한슬관절 우력 곡선의 분석

이시욱,한태륜,방문석 大韓再活醫學會 2000 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.24 No.5

中國現代文學에서의 革命文藝論爭硏究

金時俊 韓國中國語文學會 1987 中國文學 Vol.15 No.-

사건의 해체와 의미의 위기 : 프리쉬, 뮐러, 베킷, 한트케를 중심으로

류시응 한국독일어문학회 2000 독일어문학 Vol.13 No.-

Was die dramatische Handlung der traditionellen Dramen vor allem signifiziert. ist die U "berschaubarkeit. Geordnet- und Sinnhaftigkeit einer Welt, die Notwendigkeit eines Geschehens. die Fa"higkeit der Hervorbringung eines sinnvollen Geschehens durch die Kra"fte des Individuums. die kaum etwas von dem modernen Lebensgefu"hl mehr abgibt. Aber das Drama der Gegenwart ist weithin bestimmt durch bloβe Vorgangsreihung, durch Aufhebung von Handlungsfolgen und Durchdringung der Vorgangsebenen. durch Diskontinuita"t, Montiertheit. Fragmentarisierung und vo"llige Auflo"sung der Handlung. In diesem Zusammenhang versucht diese Untersuchung die verschiedenen Problembereiche der Dekonstruktion der Handlung in den modernen Dramen zu analysieren: Zur Auflo"sung der Notwendigkeit des Handlungsgeschehens durch ein Variantenspiel bei Frisch: zur Fragmenarisierung der Handlung durch den sie ausmachenden selektiven Bezug auf ein anderes Drama bei Heiner Muller: zur Aufhebung des Einzelnen als bewiekender Kraft der dramatischen Handlung bei Beckett: und zur Ersetzung der dramatischen Handlung als textuell gegebener durch eine vom Zuschauer wahrgenommene und konstituierte bei Handke. Der entscheidende Vorgang der Gegenwart, gu"ltig diagnostiziert bereits von Nietzsche. heute vor allem nach der Auflo"sung der staatssozialistischen Systeme und angesichts des ideologischen Monopols der kapitalistischen Gesellschaftsordnung besonders nachhaltig erfahbar. ist das Fehlen u"berindividueller Sinngebungen und mitmenschlicher Sinnbezu"ge. der Zufall der traditionellen religio"sen und ethischen Wertordnungen und Normvorstellungen, die Auflo"sung der herko"mmlichen kulturellen und philosophischen Sinnsysteme. Diese Situation der Gegenwart ist dramatisch kaum darstellbar in den Handlungen des konventionellen Dramas, die selbst immer auch die Anschauung. das Weltbild. die Ideologie der inzwischen problematisch gewordenen bu"rgerlichen Gesellschaftordnung und Kultur, in der sie entstanden sind, signifizieren und u"bermitteln. Dramatische Handlungen an den angegebenen Werken, die die geistige Situation und das Lebensgefu"hl der Gegenwart darzustellen in der Lage sind. sind deshalb vor allem diejenigen, die sich der Sinnkrise der Gegenwart stellen und sie zu gestalten suchen.

「작은 政府論」

梁始浩 건국대학교 1986 政法論叢 Vol.21 No.1

정부란 무엇인가, 정부의 적정규모는 어느 정도이어야 하는가, 또는 시장기구와 정부개입과의 적절한 관계는 어떠해야 하는가 등의 문제가 새삼스럽게 제기 된 것은 최근 선진제국에 있어서 <작은 정부>로의 실제적인 움직임이 나타났기 때문이다. 특히 1981년 1월 미국에서 등장한 공화당의 레이건 행정부가 내세운 정책과 그 정책을 뒷받침한 보수주의자들의 생각은 지금까지의 혁신주의자(Liberal)들의 민주당정부와는 현저한 대조를 이루고 있다. 1929년 뉴욕의 주식시장에서 시작된 대불황으로부터 탈출하기 위하여 공공지출의 증대에 의한 유효수요의 회복에 진력한 1932년 F. 루즈벨트 대통령의 뉴우딜정책 이후, 1960년대의 미국의 번영의 일인이 된 죤슨대통령의 빈인퇴치를 목적으로 하는 위대한 사회의 계획을 거쳐, 더 한층의 복지정책의 추구를 목표한 카-터대통령에 이르기까지, 일련의 큰 정부와 그것에 의한 복지의 향상을 추구하는 민주당의 방식이 미국의 전통적인 길이였다.

現代 組織의 딜렘마

梁始浩 건국대학교 1982 政法論叢 Vol.17 No.1

인간의 역사는 바로 조직의 역사이며, 어떤 의미에서 인간사회에 관한 이론은 모두 조직의 이론이었다. 그러나 여러가지의 제사회관계를 대상으로 하는 지적 고찰 중에서 현재 조직이론이라고 부르는 독립된 분야가 성립하게 된 것은 극히 최근의 이르러서이다. 주지하는 바와 같이 조직이론은 그 연구초점을 여러 측면으로 전이하면서 고전적 조직이론→신고전적 조직이론→현대조직이론이라는 계보를 걷고 있다. 20세기의 최초의 4반세기를 지배한 「테일러」(F.Taylor)의「과학적 관리법」을 기초로 발전한 고전적 조직론은 연구관심을 전적으로 공식적 조직의 해부와 그 성격모사에 집중하였다. 구체적으로 보면 분업, 기능과정, 구조, 적정통제범위 등이 연구의 초점이 되었다. 이 이론은 조직의 성격에 관하여서는 유익한 동찰은 제공하였으나 행동과학의 효과를 체계적으로 도입하지 못함으로써 「퍼스낼리티」의 상호작용, 조직 내의 갈등, 자생적 집단 및 의사결정과정에 관하여는 그 이론적 가치는 조직의 공식적인 해부에 한정하지 않을 수 없었다. 「호손」공장의 연구를 활력원으로 삼아 발전한 신고전적 조직론은 일면 고전학파의 가설을 계승하여, 그 수정, 보완작업을 행하고, 타면 행동과학을 조직이론에 도입하였다. 이 학파의 최대의 이론적 공헌은 자생적 조직을 체계적으로 논술, 분과하는 관점을 제공하는데 있었다. 그 가운데 주요한 노력은 자생적 조직이 공식적 구조에 미치는 영향력의 해명에 주력하는데 있었다. 그리고 이 학파의 본격적 전개는 상호작용의 환경, 풍토에의 접근법으로서 사회체계론의 개념을 도입하는데 그 공헌이 컸다. 즉 조직은 상회 의존적인 다종 다양한 요소, 예컨대 개인과 그 태도 및 기능, 업무, 자생적 조직, 공식적 조직, 물리적인 노동환경으로 구성되는 복합체라고 하는 조직의 파악은 조직연구를 단순한 구성요소의 기술로부터 탈피하여 구성요소간의 상호관계의 체계에로 눈을 돌리게 하였다. 확실히 인간관계로는 경영자가 노동자를 조종하는 도구에 지나지 않다고 하는 신랄한 비판을 받고 있으며, 또한 그것이 너무나 미시적인 시점에 머물고 있다고 지적되고 있지만 조직에 관한 과학적 지식의 증대에 귀중한 공헌을 한 사실만은 부정할 수 없다.

方言에 있어서의 上聲考

千時權 慶北大學校 1958 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

As to the Bang-jum(蒡點) similar to four tones in Chinese character which we can find in the books printed 15th century, some scholars have been for a long time recognized that the side dots show long and short tone, however, recently some scholars, such as Dr. Lee Sung Nyung, Prof. Hue Ung and Japanese Kono Rokuro notices that this marks show pitch accent; one dot is Kuh-Sung(去聲), high; two dot is Sang-Sung(上聲), low-rising; none dot is Pyung-Sung(平聲), low. Though we can find out long and short tones in modern Korean Colloquial Standard words, but we can recognize pitch accent in some dialect. I intend to reaearch whether Sang-Sung which showed in written language appear in colloquial dialect or not. Because this Sang-Sung have been expressed in many types than the other tones. Today, this Sang-Sung is pronounced as low-long tone in central parts of Korea, as more low tone in South Kyungsan province, high in Hamkyung province, fore-low rear-high tone in some vocabulary in North Kyungsang province. Fundamentary, we can classify the Korean dialect into the two great parts. One is the districts, central parts of korea-Pyungan, Hwanghae, Kangwon which inherited Koryolang uage; the other one is the districts-Kyungsan, Chulla, Hamkyung which inherited Silla language. From this point of view, we can say that the San-Sung display more complicated phenomenon in the district which inherited Silla language. So the phenomenon such fore-low in Kyungnam, rear-high in Hamkyung have been displaing in todays dialect. The reasons are as following facts; (1) There are still fore-loe-rear-high tone in Kyungpook parts. (2) Hamkyung parts were cultivated by the southerner who were immigrated as shown in our history -vide the record of the geography Sechong Silrok. (3) The change of the language for the Imjin waeran (17c) etc. Therefore Sang-Sung the original fore-low-rear-high was all of them divided and developed except few words in Kyungpook parts. Low-long tone …… Seoul, Kyungki, Hwanghae, Pyungan, Chungcheung, Kangwon, Chulla, Kyungpook. Lower tone …… Kyungnam. High tome …… Hamkyung.