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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Seung-JunLee (검색결과 4 건)
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Macro Model and Sense Amplifier for a MRAM
Ji-HyunKim,Jung-WhaLee,Seung-JunLee,HyungsoonShin 한국물리학회 2002 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.41 No.6
For the simulation of the architecture for a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) based on GMR (giant magnetoresistance) and a MTJ (magnetic tunnel junction) cell having a hysteretic characteristics, a macro model showing this hysteresis is required. Also, a new sense amplier is needed for the MRAM because the cell is destroyed at high voltages. Thus, this work presents a macro model and a sensing circuit for a MRAM. The macro model is realized by using a six-terminal subcircuit, which emulates the hysteretic nature of MRAM cell, and read/write simulations are possible. A current-source bit-line-clamped sense amplier maintains a low voltage on the bit line during the full VDD sensing, so it is suitable for sensing the MRAM cell.
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Super-resolution fluorescent materials: an insight into design and bioimaging applications
Yang, Zhigang,Sharma, Amit,Qi, Jing,Peng, Xiao,Lee, Dong Yeop,Hu, Rui,Lin, Danying,Qu, Junle,Kim, Jong Seung The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Chemical Society reviews Vol.45 No.17
<P>Living organisms are generally composed of complex cellular processes which persist only within their native environments. To enhance our understanding of the biological processes lying within complex milieus, various techniques have been developed. Specifically, the emergence of super-resolution microscopy has generated a renaissance in cell biology by redefining the existing dogma towards nanoscale cell dynamics, single synaptic vesicles, and other complex bioprocesses by overcoming the diffraction-imposed resolution barrier that is associated with conventional microscopy techniques. Besides the typical technical reliance on the optical framework and computational algorithm, super-resolution imaging microscopy resorts largely to fluorescent materials with special photophysical properties, including fluorescent proteins, organic fluorophores and nanomaterials. In this tutorial review article, with the emphasis on cell biology, we summarize the recent developments in fluorescent materials being utilized in various super-resolution techniques with successful integration into bio-imaging applications. Fluorescent proteins (FP) applied in super-resolution microscopy will not be covered herein as it has already been well summarized; additionally, we demonstrate the breadth of opportunities offered from a future perspective.</P>
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Podder, Arup,Won, Miae,Kim, Soobin,Verwilst, Peter,Maiti, Mrinmoy,Yang, Zhigang,Qu, Junle,Bhuniya, Sankarprasad,Kim, Jong Seung Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.268 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mapping the intracellular location and concentration of hydronium ions (H<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUP>+</SUP>) and their dynamics could be a useful diagnostic tool in modern clinical science. Current needs motivated us to develop a molecular pH probe <B>1</B>, operating as a logic gate, and its analogue <B>2</B>. The pyridyl moiety in <B>1</B> played a significant role in proton capture and release, in acidic to alkaline pH environments. In contrast, <B>2</B> failed to show a similar spectroscopic behavior. <B>1</B> shows emission maximum at 450 nm that is independent on the pH, with excitation at 353 nm or 410 nm in acid and alkaline pH, respectively. <B>1</B> was employed to provide input-dependent (excitation wavelength) fluorescence images in a cellular milieu to detect pH changes in cellular organelles such as lysosomes and mitochondria. Furthermore, <B>1</B> provided information on the variation of the pH in the presence of cellular ROS. <B>1</B> was also found to enable the real-time monitoring of cell acidification due to nutrient starvation, which is closely associated with mitochondrial malfunction, fusion and mitophagy processes. We envision that in due course <B>1</B> can open up new research avenues in the diagnostic sector for validating the pH in the cellular milieu.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This is the first example of a “OR” Logic operative two-photon probe for pH determination. </LI> <LI> Probe <B>1</B> enables the tracking of a wide pH range in cellular organelles without interference from cellular autofluorescence. </LI> <LI> This nontoxic probe can detect pH fluctuation due to ROS, such as H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and others. </LI> <LI> Probe <B>1</B> can provide dual-mode emission/cell images either by single photon or two-photon modes. Therefore, it is a unique cellular pH probe. </LI> <LI> Finally, <B>1</B> revealed pH fluctuations due to nutrient starvation, which is related to mitochondrial malfunction, fusion, and mitophagy. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>“OR” logic gated pH probe (1) detects the pH in cell organelles in the presence of ROS and under nutrient starvation conditions.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Rathore, Bhowmira,Sunwoo, Kyoung,Jangili, Paramesh,Kim, Jiseon,Kim, Ji Hyeon,Huang, Meina,Xiong, Jia,Sharma, Amit,Yang, Zhigang,Qu, Junle,Kim, Jong Seung Elsevier 2019 Biomaterials Vol.211 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Lysosomes, an important organelle of eukaryotic cells, are covered with the cell membrane and contain an array of degradative enzymes. The disrupt in lysosomal functions may lead to the development of severe diseases. In nanotechnology, nanomaterials working mechanism and its biomedical output are highly dependent on the lysosomes as it plays a crucial role in intracellular transport. Several nanomaterials specifically designed for lysosome-related actions are highly advantageous in trafficking and delivering the loaded imaging/therapeutic agents. But for other applications, especially gene-based therapeutic delivery into the sub-organelles such as mitochondria and nucleus, lysosomal related degradation could be an obstacle to achieve a maximal therapeutic index. In order to understand the relationship between lysosomes and designed nanomaterials for kind of desired application in biomedical research, complete knowledge of their various designing strategies, size dependent or ligand supportive cellular uptake mechanisms, trafficking, and localizations in eukaryotic cells is highly desired. In this review, we intended to discuss various nanomaterial types that have been applied in biomedical applications based on lysosomal internalization and escape from endo/lysosomes and explored their related advantages/disadvantages. Additionally, we also deliberated nanomaterials direct translocation mechanism, their autophagic accumulation and the underlying mechanism to induced autophagy. Finally, some challenges and critical issues in current research from clinical application perspective has also been addressed. Great understanding of these factors will help in understanding and facilitating the development of safe and effective lysosomal related nanomaterial-based imaging/therapeutic systems for future applications.</P>
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