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Multifunctional Green Solvent for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Jaemin Cho,Beomsoo Kim,Seokjoo Ryu,Alan Jiwan Yun,Bumjin Gil,Jiheon Lim,Jihyun Kim,Jinhyun Kim,Byungwoo Park 대한금속·재료학회 2023 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.19 No.5
Organometal trihalide perovskite has recently been considered as one of the leading candidates to achieve highly effi cient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, current PSC procedures commonly rely on the large volume of highly toxic halogenated or highly fl ammable solvents which are not favorable for the large-scale commercialization of PSCs. Herein, we employ nontoxic and nonhalogenated salicylaldehyde from the buckwheat as a both nonpolar (antisolvent) and polar (posttreatmentdissolving) solvent for the multifunctional purpose. Salicylaldehyde has a semipolar characteristic due to the hydroxyl group (–OH) attached to the benzene ring, enabling it to utilize both polar and nonpolar solvents in the PSCs fabrications. As a result, the PSC using green solvent achieved a power conversion effi ciency (PCE) up to 20.23%. Encapsulated devices retained over 80% of their initial PCE, after ~ 750 h of constant 1-sun illumination, and after ~ 1100 h under 60 °C heat. Overall, this work demonstrates that salicylaldehyde can be an alternative solvent for green and effi cient fabrication in the PSC.
국가표본조사자료 기반 청소년 성경험의 개인 및 가족 요인 분석
황진섭,류지인,김지원,김석주,Hwang, Jinseub,Ryu, Jiin,Kim, Jiwon,Kim, Seokjoo 한국데이터정보과학회 2017 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.28 No.1
This study aims to identify individual and familial factors associated with youth sexual experience by using the nationally representative sample data in South Korea. Specifically, we select 68,043 students in middle and high schools participating in the 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Considering the complex survey design, we conduct a descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression for sexual experience. The main results identify factors on sexual experience such as age, type of school, stress level, drinking, smoking, economic status, and cohabiting parents. In particular, the drinking and smoking behaviors are positively associated with sexual experience and the youth living with neither parent is more likely to have a sexual experience than those who lived two parents. In conclusion, the plan of sex education should consider the risk factors and the quality of sex education should be enhanced in order to build more appropriate sexual culture and behaviors among the youth. 본 연구는 우리나라 청소년의 성경험에 영향을 주는 개인 및 가족요인을 파악하고자 우리나라 청소년들에 대한 국가 통계량 생산을 위해 복합표본설계 기반으로 조사되고 있는 제11차 (2015년) 청소년건강행태온라인조사 자료를 활용하였다. 연구 대상자는 2015년 국내 중 고등학교에 재학 중인 68,043명이며, 층화 및 집락, 가중치의 복합표본설계를 고려하여 기본 빈도분석과 성경험 유무에 대한 로지스틱회귀분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 개인 (나이, 학교유형, 스트레스 정도, 흡연, 음주) 및 가족 (경제상황, 부모동거) 요인이 청소년들의 성경험에 유의한 관련성을 가지고 있었다. 특히 음주경험과 흡연경험이 있는 대상이 그렇지 않은 대상에 비해 각각 2.03배와 4.01배 높은 성경험 가능성을 나타내고 있으며, 양부모와 동거하지 않는 대상이 양부모와 동거하는 대상에 비해 3.47배 높은 성경험 가능성을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 청소년들의 올바른 성문화를 위해 위험요인들을 고려한 전문적인 교육을 강화할 필요가 있으며, 특히 개인요인 중 큰 위험요인으로 나타난 음주와 흡연에 노출된 청소년들을 보호하기 위해 국가의 더욱 적극적인 규제가 필요할 것이다. 그뿐만 아니라 경제상태가 좋지 않거나 부모들과 함께 거주하지 않는 자녀에 대해서도 부모들의 더 큰 관심이 필요할 것이다.
Comparative study of active and inactive hepatocarcinogens using a QSAR-based prediction model
Kang, Jin Seok,Kang, Sukmo,Ryu, Doug-Young,Lee, Yun-Seok,Lee, Jong Kwon,Kang, Tae Seok,Park, Han-Jin,Yoon, Seokjoo 대한독성유전단백체학회 2012 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.8 No.4
In this study, we investigated global gene expression in primary rat hepatocytes treated with three active hepatocarcinogens (prednisolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and monocrotaline), three inactive hepatocarcinogens (hydrocortisone, glycyrrhetinic acid and lithocholic acid) and two unclassified chemicals (griseofulvin (possibly active) and prednisone (possibly inactive)). At 48 h after treatment with these eight chemicals, cells were harvested for RNA extraction. Global gene expression analyses were conducted using oligonucleotide microarrays to detect genes whose expression was altered. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and KEGG pathway analysis were also conducted. Seven-hundred and sixty genes whose expression was altered >1.2-fold (P<0.05; unpaired Welch's t-test) were identified as DEGs for the active and inactive carcinogens. In PCA, prednisolone and dehydroepiandrosterone were located away from the inactive carcinogens. In contrast, monocrotaline was close to the inactive carcinogens. Hydrocortisone, glycyrrhetinic acid and lithocholic acid were separate from the active carcinogens. PCA identified griseofulvin as an active carcinogen and prednisone as an inactive carcinogen. GSEA detected several genes associated with hepatocarcinogenesis, such as glutathione S-transferase A2 and NADPH oxidase. KEGG pathway analysis showed that several pathways might be associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. Our results suggest that it may be feasible to differentiate active and inactive hepatocarcinogens by PCA, GSEA and KEGG pathway analysis.