The Diversity of Multi-drug Resistance Profiles in Tetracycline-Resistant Vibrio Species Isolated from Coastal Sediments and Seawater

Farzana Ashrafi Neela,Lisa Nonaka,Satoru Suzuki 한국미생물학회 2007 The journal of microbiology Vol.45 No.1

In this study we examined the multi-drug resistance profiles of the tetracycline (TC) resistant genus Vibrio to determine its susceptibility to two β-lactams, ampicillin (ABPC), and mecillina(MPC), as well as to macrolide, erythromycin (EM). The results showed various patterns of resistance among strains that were isolated from very close geographical areas during the same year, suggesting diverse patterns of drug resistance in environmental bacteria from this area. In addition, the cross-resistance patterns suggested that the resistance determinants among Vibrio spp. are acquired differently within the sediment and seawater environments.

The Diversity of Multi-drug Resistance Profiles in Tetracycline-Resistant Vibrio Species Isolated from Coastal Sediments and Seawater

Neela Farzana Ashrafi,Nonaka Lisa,Suzuki Satoru The Microbiological Society of Korea 2007 The journal of microbiology Vol.45 No.1

In this study we examined the multi-drug resistance profiles of the tetracycline (TC) resistant genus Vibrio to determine its susceptibility to two ${\beta}-lactams$, ampicillin (ABPC), and mecillinam (MPC), as well as to macrolide, erythromycin (EM). The results showed various patterns of resistance among strains that were isolated from very close geographical areas during the same year, suggesting diverse patterns of drug resistance in environmental bacteria from this area. In addition, the cross-resistance patterns suggested that the resistance determinants among Vibrio spp. are acquired differently within the sediment and seawater environments.

Complications of endoscopic resection in the upper gastrointestinal tract

Takeshi Uozumi,Seiichiro Abe,Mai Ego Makiguchi,Satoru Nonaka,Haruhisa Suzuki,Shigetaka Yoshinaga,Yutaka Saito 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.4

Endoscopic resection (ER) is widely utilized as a minimally invasive treatment for upper gastrointestinal tumors; however, complications could occur during and after the procedure. Post-ER mucosal defect leads to delayed perforation and bleeding; therefore, endoscopic closure methods (endoscopic hand-suturing, the endoloop and endoclip closure method, and over-the-scope clip method) and tissue shielding methods (polyglycolic acid sheets and fibrin glue) are developed to prevent these complications. During duodenal ER, complete closure of the mucosal defect significantly reduces delayed bleeding and should be performed. An extensive mucosal defect that comprises three-quarters of the circumference in the esophagus, gastric antrum, or cardia is a significant risk factor for post-ER stricture. Steroid therapy is considered the first-line option for the prevention of esophageal stricture, but its efficacy for gastric stricture remains unclear. Methods for the prevention and management of ER-related complications in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum differ according to the organ; therefore, endoscopists should be familiar with ways of preventing and managing organ-specific complications.

Preclinical Efficacy and Clinical Feasibility of a Novel Aerosol- Exposure Protection Mask for Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Mai Ego Makiguchi,Seiichiro Abe,Yutaka Okagawa,Satoru Nonaka,Haruhisa Suzuki,Shigetaka Yoshinaga,Ichiro Oda,Okamoto Ryuta,Yutaka Saito 대한소화기내시경학회 2022 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.55 No.2

Background/Aims: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel aerosol-exposure protection (AP) mask in preventingcoronavirus disease in healthcare professionals during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and to evaluate its clinical feasibility. Methods: In Study 1, three healthy volunteers volitionally coughed with and without the AP mask in a cleanroom. Microparticleswere visualized and counted with a specific measurement system and compared with and without the AP mask. In Study 2,30 patients underwent endoscopic resection with the AP mask covering the face, and the SpO2 was measured throughout theprocedure. Results: In Study 1, the median number of microparticles in volunteers 1, 2, and 3 with and without the AP mask was 8.5 and 110.0,7.0 and 51.5, and 8.0 and 95.0, respectively (p<0.01). Using the AP mask, microparticles were reduced by approximately 92%. Themedian distances of microparticle scattering without the AP mask were 60, 0, and 68 in volunteers 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In Study 2,the mean SpO2 was 96.3%, and desaturation occurred in three patients. Conclusion: The AP mask could provide protection from aerosol exposure and can be safely used for endoscopy in clinical practice.

Increased Expression and Role of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Nasal Polyposis

Satoko Kimura,Ruby Pawankar,Sachiko Mori,Manabu Nonaka,Satoru Masuno,Toshiaki Yagi,Kimihiro Okubo 대한천식알레르기학회 2011 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.3 No.3

Purpose: Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airways often associated with asthma and characterized by markedly increased numbers of eosinophils, Th2 type lymphocytes, fibroblasts, goblet cells and mast cells. Previous studies have shown elevated levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in atopic diseases like asthma, atopic dermatitis and mainly in animal models of allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we investigated the expression of TSLP in nasal polyps from atopics and non-atopics in comparison with the nasal mucosa and its potential role in nasal polyposis. Methods: Messenger RNA expression for TSLP, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage derived chemokine (MDC) in nasal polyps and nasal mucosa of atopics and non-atopics was analyzed by real time PCR. Immunoreactivity for TSLP in nasal polyps and in the nasal mucosa of patients with AR and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Eosinophil counts was analyzed by Wright-Giemsa staining and nasal polyp tissue IgE, by ELISA. Results: Messenger RNA expression for TSLP,TARC and MDC was markedly higher in nasal polyps as compared to the allergic nasal mucosa. Immunoreactivity for TSLP was detected in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells of the nasal mucosa and nasal polyps. The number of TSLP+ cells was significantly greater in the nasal mucosa of AR than NAR patients. The number of TSLP+ cells in nasal polyps from atopics was significantly greater than that of non-atopics and that in the allergic nasal mucosa. The number of TSLP+ cells correlated well with the number of eosinophils and the levels of IgE in nasal polyps. Conclusions: The high expression of TSLP in nasal polyps and its strong correlation to eosinophils and IgE suggest a potential role for TSLP in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps by regulating the Th2 type and eosinophilic inflammation.

Metachronous Gastric Cancer Following Curative Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Cancer

Seiichiro Abe,Ichiro Oda,Takeyoshi Minagawa,Masau Sekiguchi,Satoru Nonaka,Haruhisa Suzuki,Shigetaka Yoshinaga,Amit Bhatt,Yutaka Saito 대한소화기내시경학회 2018 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.51 No.3

This review article summarizes knowledge about metachronous gastric cancer (MGC) occurring after curative endoscopic resection (ER)of early gastric cancer (EGC), treatment outcomes of patients who developed MGC, and efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication toprevent MGC. The incidence of MGC following curative ER increases over time and is higher than in patients undergoing gastrectomy. Increasing age and multifocal EGC are independent risk factors for developing MGC. An MGC following curative ER is usually a small(<20 mm) and differentiated intramucosal cancer. Most MGC lesions are found at an early stage on semiannual or annual surveillanceendoscopy and are successfully treated by further ER, with excellent long-term outcomes. Eradication of H. pylori may reduce the riskof MGC following ER of EGC, but further prospective studies with long-term outcomes are required. Surveillance endoscopy followinggastric ER should be continued indefinitely, due to the risk of MGC even after successful H. pylori eradication. Risk stratification andtailored endoscopic surveillance schedules need to be developed.

Endoscopic Resection of Undifferentiated Early Gastric Cancer

Seiichiro Abe,Yuichiro Hirai,Mai Ego Makiguchi,Masau Sekiguchi,Satoru Nonaka,Haruhisa Suzuki,Shigetaka Yoshinaga,Yutaka Saito 대한위암학회 2023 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.23 No.1

Endoscopic resection (ER) is widely performed for early gastric cancer (EGC) with a negligible risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in Eastern Asian countries. In particular, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) leads to a high en bloc resection rate, enabling accurate pathological evaluation. As undifferentiated EGC (UD-EGC) is known to result in a higher incidence of LNM and infiltrative growth than differentiated EGC (D-EGC), the indications for ER are limited compared with those for D-EGC. Previously, clinical staging as intramucosal UD-EGC ≤2 cm, without ulceration, was presented as ‘weakly recommended’ or ‘expanded indications’ for ER in the guidelines of the United States, Europe, Korea, and Japan. Based on promising long-term outcomes from a prospective multicenter study by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 1009/1010, the status of this indication has expanded and is now considered ‘absolute indications’ in the latest Japanese guidelines published in 2021. In this study, which comprised 275 patients with UD-EGC (cT1a, ≤2 cm, without ulceration) treated with ESD, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 99.3% (95% confidence interval, 97.1%–99.8%), which was higher than the threshold 5-year OS (89.9%). Currently, the levels of evidence grades and recommendations for ER of UD-EGC differ among Japan, Korea, and Western countries. Therefore, a further discussion is warranted to generalize the indications for ER of UD-EGC in countries besides Japan.

Efficacy of Current Traction Techniques for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Seiichiro Abe,Shih Yea Sylvia Wu,Mai Ego,Hiroyuki Takamaru,Masau Sekiguchi,Masayoshi Yamada,Satoru Nonaka,Taku Sakamoto,Haruhisa Suzuki,Shigetaka Yoshinaga,Takahisa Matsuda,Ichiro Oda,Yutaka Saito 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.6

This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy of the current approach to tissue traction during the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial esophageal cancer, early gastric cancer, and colorectal neoplasms. We performed a systematic electronic literature search of articles published in PubMed and selected comparative studies to investigate the treatment outcomes of tractionassisted versus conventional ESD. Using the keywords, we retrieved 381 articles, including five eligible articles on the esophagus, 13 on the stomach, and 12 on the colorectum. A total of seven randomized controlled trials and 23 retrospective studies were identified. Clip line traction and submucosal tunneling were effective in reducing the procedural time during esophageal ESD. The efficacy of traction methods in gastric ESD varied in terms of the devices and strategies used depending on the lesion location and degree of submucosal fibrosis. Several prospective and retrospective studies utilized traction devices without the need to reinsert the colonoscope. When pocket creation is included, the traction devices and methods effectively shorten the procedural time during colorectal ESD. Although the efficacy is dependent on the organ and tumor locations, several traction techniques have been demonstrated to be efficacious in facilitating ESD by maintaining satisfactory traction during dissection.

Reduced Intravenous Fluorescein Dose for Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy

Kazuya Inoki,Seiichiro Abe,Yusaku Tanaka,Koji Yamamoto,Daisuke Hihara,Ryoji Ichijima,Yukihiro Nakatani,Hsin- Yu Chen,Hiroyuki Takamaru,Masau Sekiguchi,Masayoshi Yamada,Taku Sakamoto,Satoru Nonaka,Haru 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.3

Background/Aims: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) requires the administration of intravenous (IV) fluorescein. This study aimed to determine the optimal dose of IV fluorescein for both upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract pCLE. Methods: Patients 20 to 79 years old with gastric high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) were enrolled in thestudy. The dose de-escalation method was employed with five levels. The primary endpoint of the study was the determination ofthe optimal dose of IV fluorescein for pCLE of the GI tract. The reduced dose was determined based on off-line reviews by threeendoscopists. An insufficient dose of fluorescein was defined as the dose of fluorescein with which the pCLE images were notdeemed to be visible. If all three endoscopists determined that the tissue structure was visible, the doses were de-escalated. Results: A total of 12 patients with gastric HGD and 12 patients with CRNs were enrolled in the study. Doses were de-escalated to0.5 mg/kg of fluorescein for both non-neoplastic duodenal and colorectal mucosa. All gastric HGD or CRNs were visible with pCLEwith IV fluorescein at 0.5 mg/kg. Conclusions: In the present study, pCLE with IV fluorescein 0.5 mg/kg was adequate to visualize the magnified structure of both theupper and lower GI tract.