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Sensitivity of surface characteristics on the simulation of wind-blown-dust source in North America
Park, S.H.,Gong, S.L.,Gong, W.,Makar, P.A.,Moran, M.D.,Stroud, C.A.,Zhang, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2009 Atmospheric environment Vol.43 No.19
Recently, a wind-blown-dust-emission module has been built based on a state-of-the-art wind erosion theory and evaluated in a regional air-quality model to simulate a North American dust storm episode in April 2001 (see Park, S.H., Gong, S.L., Zhao, T.L., Vet, R.J., Bouchet, V.S., Gong, W., Makar, P.A., Moran, M.D., Stroud, C., Zhang, J. 2007. Simulation of entrainment and transport of dust particles within North America in April 2001 (''Red Dust episode''). J. Geophys. Res. 112, D20209, doi:10.1029/2007JD008443). A satisfactorily detailed assessment of that module, however, was not possible because of a lack of information on some module inputs, especially soil moisture content. In this paper, the wind-blown-dust emission was evaluated for two additional dust storms using improved soil moisture inputs. The surface characteristics of the wind-blown-dust source areas in southwestern North America were also investigated, focusing on their implications for wind-blown-dust emissions. The improved soil moisture inputs enabled the sensitivity of other important surface characteristics, the soil grain size distribution and the land-cover, to dust emission to be investigated with more confidence. Simulations of the two 2003 dust storm episodes suggested that wind-blown-dust emissions from the desert areas in southwestern North America are dominated by emissions from dry playas covered with accumulated alluvial deposits whose particle size is much smaller than usual desert sands. As well, the source areas in the northwestern Texas region were indicated to be not desert but rather agricultural lands that were ''activated'' as a wind-blown-dust sources after harvest. This finding calls for revisions to the current wind-blown-dust-emission module, in which ''desert'' is designated to be the only land-cover category that can emit wind-blown dust.
L. Cheng,S.M. Zhang,P.P. Chen,S.L. Huang,L. Liu,W. Zhou,J. Liu,H. Gong,Q.M. Luo 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.s1
Poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA)/uorohydroxyapatite nanocrystals (nano-F-HA) porous scaolds were successfully fabricated through asolvent-casting and particulate-leaching technique. Nano-HA/PDLLA scaold and PDLLA scaold were prepared by using the sameprocess for comparison. The structure, phase and morphology of the nanocomposite scaolds were observed by SEM. The results indi-cated that F-HA nanocrystals were homogeneously dispersed in the PDLLA matrix. The porosity of the scaolds was up to 90%, andmacropores and micropores coexisted and interconnected throughout the scaolds. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that the nano-F-HA/PDLLA scaffold had the best adhesion tendency to chondrocytes among the scaffolds investigated.
Strain induced hardening and softening behaviors of deformed Cu and Cu-Ge alloys
Gong, Y.L.,Kim, H.S.,Ren, S.Y.,Zeng, S.D.,Zhu, X.K. Published for the Materials Research Society by th 2016 Journal of materials research Vol.31 No.5
<▼1><B>Abstract</B><P/></▼1><▼2><P>Herein, Cu and Cu-Ge alloys with different stacking fault energies (SFEs) are prepared via rolling at room temperature (RTR) and via a combination of high-pressure torsion (HPT) and RTR (HPT + RTR). The x-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the grain size, dislocation density, and twin density vary with the strain and SFEs. The tensile tests indicate that the strength of materials with medium SFEs increases initially and then slightly declines, while the ductility is enhanced by increasing the strain via HPT. In contrast, for low-SFE materials, enhanced strength and improved ductility may be achieved simultaneously through increasing the strain to a high level. The variation of strength with respect to strain is primarily dependent on the solute concentration and SFE. The underlying mechanisms governing the effect of strain and SFE on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the metals are also discussed.</P></▼2>
Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of Ca0.97La0.03MnO3 Manganites
Gong, G. D.,Hu, P. F.,Li, Y.,Kim, D. H.,Liu, C. L.,Phan, T. L.,Ho, T. A.,Yu, S. C.,Telegin, A.,Naumov, S. V. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Journal of electronic materials Vol.45 No.7
<P>In spite of many previous studies on electron-doped CaMnO3 perovskite manganites, detailed investigations into the influence of low-doping concentrations on their magnetic and magnetocaloric (MC) properties have not been carried out yet. Additionally, there is still the lack of the comparison between single-crystal (SC) and polycrystalline (PC) materials. Dealing with these problems, we prepared orthorhombic Ca0.97La0.03MnO3 SC and PC samples. Magnetization measurements versus the temperature and magnetic field revealed remarkable differences in the magnetic property, particularly around the antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase-transition region. The analyses of the magnetization versus magnetic field, M(H), data indicated a weak MC effect with magnetic-entropy changes less than 0.1 J kg(-1) K-1 for an applied field interval H = 10 kOe because ferromagnetic interactions between Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions are insignificant. The differences in the magnetic and MC properties of the SC and PC samples are ascribed to the effects of grain boundary, magnetic anisotropy, and nonstoichiometry in oxygen.</P>
Gong, W.H.,Tang, Z.L.,Han, J.L.,Yang, S.L.,Wang, H.,Li, Y.,Li, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.11
The retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) play a critical role in vision, growth, reproduction, cell differentiation and embryonic development. Using the IMpRH panel, porcine cellular retinol binding protein genes 5 and 7 (RBP5 and RBP7) were assigned to porcine chromosomes 5 and 6, respectively. The complete coding sequences (CDS) of the RBP5 and RBP7 genes were amplified using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, and the deduced amino acid sequences of both genes were compared to human corresponding proteins. The mRNA distributions of the two genes in adult Wuzhishan pig tissues (lung, skeletal muscle, spleen, heart, stomach, large intestine, lymph node, small intestine, liver, brain, kidney and fat) were examined. A total of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in two genes. Three of these SNPs were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in Laiwu, Wuzhishan, Guizhou, Bama, Tongcheng, Yorkshire and Landrace pig breeds. Association analysis of genotypes of these SNP loci with economic traits was done in our experimental populations. Significant associations of different genotypes of $RBP5-A/G^{63}$, $RBP5-A/G^{517}$ and $RPB5-T/C^{intron1-90}$ loci with traits including maximum carcass length (LM), minimum carcass length (LN), marbling score (MS), back fat thickness at shoulder (SBF), meat color score (MCS) and hematocrit (HCT) were detected. These SNPs may be useful as genetic markers in genetic improvement for porcine production.
Effects of black carbon aging on air quality predictions and direct radiative forcing estimation
PARK, S.H.,GONG, S.L.,BOUCHET, V.S.,GONG, W.,MAKAR, P.A.,MORAN, M.D.,STROUD, C.A.,ZHANG, J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorolog Vol.63 No.5
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>An aging scheme for black carbon (BC) aerosol was implemented into a regional air‐quality forecast model to study the impact of BC aging on air quality predictions. Three different assumptions for the mixing state of BC—external mixture, internal mixture and gradual aging—were used to simulate the distribution of BC particles over North America in April 2002. Cloud –condensation nuclei number and BC wet deposition rate increased significantly and BC mass column loading decreased as a result of BC aging. With the gradual aging process incorporated into the model, the comparison of ground level BC concentration predictions with surface observations was slightly improved. Estimation of the average direct radiative forcing of BC over the spatial domain of this study showed that the factor of direct forcing enhancement by BC aging was much smaller than the mixing state effect factor. The effect of increased wet deposition due to aging compensated partially for the effect of increased absorbance suggesting that the change in the hygroscopic properties of BC due to aging must be taken into account to quantify accurately the effect of BC aging on climate.</P>
Characterization of the direct physical interaction of nc886, a cellular non-coding RNA, and PKR
Jeon, S.H.,Lee, K.,Lee, K.S.,Kunkeaw, N.,Johnson, B.H.,Holthauzen, L.M.F.,Gong, B.,Leelayuwat, C.,Lee, Y.S. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 FEBS letters Vol.586 No.19
We have recently shown that nc886 (pre-miR-886 or vtRNA2-1) is not a genuine microRNA precursor nor a vault RNA, but a novel type of non-coding RNA that represses PKR, a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) dependent kinase. Here we have characterized their direct physical association. PKR's two RNA binding domains form a specific and stable complex with nc886's central portion, without any preference to its 5'-end structure. By binding to PKR with a comparable affinity, nc886 competes with dsRNA and attenuates PKR activation by dsRNA. Our data suggest that nc886 sets a threshold for PKR activation so that it occurs only during genuine viral infection but not by a minute level of fortuitous cellular dsRNA.
Risk Factors for Lateral Neck Recurrence of N0/N1a Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Kim, Y.,Roh, J. L.,Gong, G.,Cho, K. J.,Choi, S. H.,Nam, S. Y.,Kim, S. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol.24 No.12
<P>Lateral neck recurrence after thyroidectomy is predicted by the clinicopathologic factors of multifocality, cN1a, LN ratio, extranodal extension, and MACIS score in N0/N1a PTC patients.</P>