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디지털 공급-수요 사슬 관리의 성과를 측정하기 위한 새로운 관점
Ronja Rasche,서동백 한국경영정보학회 2023 Information systems review Vol.25 No.3
디지털 기술의 등장과 발전으로 기업은 디지털 기술을 공급-수요 사슬에 도입하여 관리하는 것이 필수적이 되었다. 그러나 이와 관련하여 여러 어려움, 그 중에서도 특히 디지털 공급-수요 사슬을 체계적으로 평가하는 어려움이 또한 늘고 있다. 그 이유는 산업계와 학계에 걸쳐 전반적으로 사용되는 표준화된 평가기준이 아직 부족하기 때문이다. 이에 따라, 본 논문에서는 사용자의 경험을 하나의 평가기준으로 제시하고자 한다. 따라서 세 개의 다른 포커스 그룹을 통해 데이터를 얻어 질적 분석 기법으로 연구하였다. 포커스 그룹 참여자들은 넷플릭스를 공급-수요 사슬의 예로 삼아 넷플릭스에 대한 사용 경험을 자유롭게 이야기 하였다. 넷플릭스는 디지털 콘텐츠, 즉 제품을 직접 소비자에게 전달하기 때문에 소비자의 일반적인 경험, 이 회사의 추천시스템에 대한 경험, 그리고 이와 관련된 정보 보안에 대한 인식이 매우 중요하다. 이러한 것들이 기존 고객의 만족도를 높이는 것은 물론, 새로운 고객의 유치에도 결정적인 역할을 할 수 있기 때문이다. 디지털 공급-수요 사슬에 대한 사용자의 일반적인 경험은 기업의 평가 척도에 중요하다. 또한 이러한 추천시스템과 이와 관련된 정보 보안은 디지털 공급-수요 사슬의 일부이다. 따라서 이에 대한 사용자의 경험과 인식을 측정하는 것은 디지털 공급-수요 사슬을 평가하는 데에 중요한 척도가 될 것이다. With the emergence of new digital technologies into a supply chain, it is essential for companies to incorporate these technologies in managing their supply chains. However, various challenges have been identified in digital supply chain management, especially when it comes to its assessment. There are no universally agreed measurements for the performance of digital supply chain management within the research community so far. This paper explores an option of using user experience as one of possible measurements. Therefore, three different focus-group discussions were held and later analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. The subscription-based video on demand service, Netflix was used as an example in those discussions. Due to the fact that Netflix provides a digital product as a streamline service, user experience is critical for the company. Especially, user experience with a recommender system and related privacy issues have become significant for a company to retain existing customers and attract new customers in many fields. Since the recommender system and related privacy issues are parts of a digital supply chain, user experience can be one of appropriate measurements for digital supply chain management. This study opens a new perspective for research on performance measurements of digital supply chain management.
Cultural influence on explanation approaches for a recommendations system
Ronja Rasche,DongBack Seo 한국경영정보학회 2023 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.06
Whether it is music, movie, and fashion, a recommendations system (RS) is a part of our daily life. With the current rise of research on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and humanized recommendations system (RS), there is a demand for a recommendations system to explain about recommended items. With this trend, organizations have tried to incorporate explanations about how to come up with the list of recommendations. Giving and receiving a recommendation with a proper explanation is a highly social process, which is depended on personality, emotion, and environmental settings, especially for a receiver. Furthermore, one’s social process is highly shaped by her/his culture. On the one hand, researchers have explored the influence of culture on the list of recommendations and of a recommendations system. On the other hand, the explanations for those recommendations have not been considered. With the help of a scenariobased online survey for two types of recommendations systems based on XAI (Explainable Artificial Intelligence), we will investigate cultural influence on users’ perceptions for a explainable recommendations system in Germany and Korea.
The climate effects of increasing ocean albedo: an idealized representation of solar geoengineering
Kravitz, Ben,Rasch, Philip J.,Wang, Hailong,Robock, Alan,Gabriel, Corey,Boucher, Olivier,Cole, Jason N. S.,Haywood, Jim,Ji, Duoying,Jones, Andy,Lenton, Andrew,Moore, John C.,Muri, Helene,Niemeier, Ulr Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.18 No.17
<P>Abstract. Geoengineering, or climate intervention, describes methods of deliberately altering the climate system to offset anthropogenic climate change. As an idealized representation of near-surface solar geoengineering over the ocean, such as marine cloud brightening, this paper discusses experiment G1ocean-albedo of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), involving an abrupt quadrupling of the CO2 concentration and an instantaneous increase in ocean albedo to maintain approximate net top-of-atmosphere radiative flux balance. A total of 11 Earth system models are relatively consistent in their temperature, radiative flux, and hydrological cycle responses to this experiment. Due to the imposed forcing, air over the land surface warms by a model average of 1.14 K, while air over most of the ocean cools. Some parts of the near-surface air temperature over ocean warm due to heat transport from land to ocean. These changes generally resolve within a few years, indicating that changes in ocean heat content play at most a small role in the warming over the oceans. The hydrological cycle response is a general slowing down, with high heterogeneity in the response, particularly in the tropics. While idealized, these results have important implications for marine cloud brightening, or other methods of geoengineering involving spatially heterogeneous forcing, or other general forcings with a strong land-ocean contrast. It also reinforces previous findings that keeping top-of-atmosphere net radiative flux constant is not sufficient for preventing changes in global mean temperature. </P>
Impact of numerical choices on water conservation in the E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1)
Zhang, Kai,Rasch, Philip J.,Taylor, Mark A.,Wan, Hui,Leung, Ruby,Ma, Po-Lun,Golaz, Jean-Christophe,Wolfe, Jon,Lin, Wuyin,Singh, Balwinder,Burrows, Susannah,Yoon, Jin-Ho,Wang, Hailong,Qian, Yun,Tang, Q Copernicus GmbH 2018 Geoscientific model development Vol.11 No.5
<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The conservation of total water is an important numerical feature for global Earth system models. Even small conservation problems in the water budget can lead to systematic errors in century-long simulations. This study quantifies and reduces various sources of water conservation error in the atmosphere component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model.</p> <p>Several sources of water conservation error have been identified during the development of the version 1 (V1) model. The largest errors result from the numerical coupling between the resolved dynamics and the parameterized sub-grid physics. A hybrid coupling using different methods for fluid dynamics and tracer transport provides a reduction of water conservation error by a factor of 50 at 1<span class='inline-formula'><sup>∘</sup></span> horizontal resolution as well as consistent improvements at other resolutions. The second largest error source is the use of an overly simplified relationship between the surface moisture flux and latent heat flux at the interface between the host model and the turbulence parameterization. This error can be prevented by applying the same (correct) relationship throughout the entire model. Two additional types of conservation error that result from correcting the surface moisture flux and clipping negative water concentrations can be avoided by using mass-conserving fixers. With all four error sources addressed, the water conservation error in the V1 model becomes negligible and insensitive to the horizontal resolution. The associated changes in the long-term statistics of the main atmospheric features are small.</p> <p>A sensitivity analysis is carried out to show that the magnitudes of the conservation errors in early V1 versions decrease strongly with temporal resolution but increase with horizontal resolution. The increased vertical resolution in V1 results in a very thin model layer at the Earth's surface, which amplifies the conservation error associated with the surface moisture flux correction. We note that for some of the identified error sources, the proposed fixers are remedies rather than solutions to the problems at their roots. Future improvements in time integration would be beneficial for V1.</p> </P>
J. A. Weicht,R. Rasch,G. Behrens,F. U. Hamelmann 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.4
For a precise prediction of the energy yield of amorphous (a-Si) and amorphous-microcrystalline tandem (a-Si/μc-Si) thinfilm-silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules it is important to knowtheir performance ratio under different light conditions. Theefficiency of solar modules is an important value for themonitoring and planning of PV-systems. The efficiency of a-Si solar modules shows no significant changes in theperformance ratio at clouded or clear sky conditions. Theefficiency of crystalline silicon-based (c-Si) and a-Si/μc-Sisolar modules shows a lower efficiency for fully cloudedconditions without direct irradiation compared to conditionswith direct irradiation (clear sky).
Wang, S.-Y. Simon,Lin, Yen-Heng,Lee, Ming-Ying,Yoon, Jin-Ho,Meyer, Jonathan D. D.,Rasch, Philip J. American Geophysical Union 2017 Geophysical research letters Vol.44 No.8
<P>Plain Language Summary Rapid Arctic warming events disrupt mid-latitude weather patterns and oftentimes produce extreme deviations from normal weather conditions. The atmospheric origins of these Arctic warming events have been identified as developing in the troposphere and the stratosphere. Using historical observations, we have found that the frequency of tropospheric warming events has increased through the recent decades, while the stratospheric events have not. We have also found that tropospheric events develop twice as fast as stratospheric events and are therefore less predictable. With observations of historically-low Arctic sea ice extent occurring alongside the increase of tropospheric warming events, computer simulations provided evidence that the two phenomena are likely linked. Along with observational evidence for enhanced transport of tropical energy helping fuel these Arctic tropospheric warming events, these results suggest that future mid-latitude weather is likely to undergo an increase to extreme, unseasonal weather patterns that are inherently less predictable.</P>