The bounds of meta-analytics and an alternative method

Ramalingam Shanmugam(Ramalingam Shanmugam ),Mohammad Tabatabai(Mohammad Tabatabai ),Derek Wilus;Karan P. Singh(Derek Wilus;Karan P. Singh ) 한국역학회 2024 Epidemiology and Health Vol.46 No.-

Fault Estimation and Fault-Tolerant Control for Networked Control Systems with Packet Dropouts

Ramalingam Sakthivel,YeongJae Kim,Ramasamy Kavikumar,Oh-Min Kwon 제어로봇시스템학회 2023 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

Pharmacological Activities and Applications of Spicatoside A

Ramalingam, Mahesh,Kim, Sung-Jin The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.5

Liriopogons (Liriope and Opiopogon) species are used as a main medicinal ingredient in several Asian countries. The Liriopes Radix (tuber, root of Liriope platyphylla) has to be a promising candidate due to their source of phytochemicals. Steroidal saponins and their glycosides, phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites are considered of active constituents in Liriopes Radix. Spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, could be more efficacious drug candidate in future. In this review, we summarized the available knowledge on phytochemical and pharmacological activities for spicatoside A. It significantly suppressed the level of NF-${\kappa}B$, NO, iNOS, Cox-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and MAPKs in LPS-stimulated inflammation. The production of MUC5AC mucin was increased. MMP-13 expression was down-regulated in IL-$1{\beta}$-treated cells and reduced glycosaminoglycan release from IL-$1{\alpha}$-treated cells. The neurite outgrowth activity, PI3K, Akt, ERK1/2, TrkA and CREB phosphorylation and neurotropic factors such as NGF and BDNF were upregulated with increased latency time. It also showed cell growth inhibitory activity on various carcinoma cells. From this, spicatoside A exerts anti-inflammation, anti-asthma, anti-osteoclastogenesis, neurite outgrowth, memory consolidation and anticancer activities. Further studies are needed on spicatoside A in order to understand mechanisms of action to treat various human diseases.

Free radical scavenging activities of <b>Cnidium officinale</b> Makino and <b>Ligusticum chuanxiong</b> Hort. methanolic extracts

Ramalingam, Mahesh,Yong-Ki, Park Medknow Publications 2010 Pharmacognosy magazine Vol.6 No.24

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Antioxidants from natural resources possess multifaceted and importance of the activities provides substantial scope in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the free radical scavenging activities of <B>Cnidium officinale</B> and <B>Ligusticum chuanxiong</B>, which are closely related species.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods:</B></P><P>The scavenging activities of plant materials were evaluated using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical (O<SUB>2</SUB>·<SUP>-</SUP>), hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>), hydroxyl (OH·), nitric oxide radical (NO·) and metal chelation. In addition, the cell viability and nitric oxide release were assayed using Neuro-2a (N2a) cells.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The methanolic extracts of <B>C. officinale</B> and <B>L. chuanxiong</B> showed scavenging activities of free radicals with an additional antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the efficacy on the cell viability and nitric oxide release in cell culture model has been established.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>Results of the present study suggests that the extracts of <B>C. officinale</B> and <B>L. chuanxiong</B> have comparatively similar free radical scavenging activities <I>in vitro</I> and may have important health effects.</P>

Decadal Variability of Satellite-Derived Air–Sea CO2 Flux in Southwestern Part of the Bay of Bengal

Ramalingam Shanthi,Durairaj Poornima,Thirunavukarasu Thangaradjou,Ayyappan Saravanakumar,Saroj B. Choudhury,Rajdeep Roy 한국해양과학기술원 2022 Ocean science journal Vol.57 No.2

Understanding the relationship between atmospheric and oceanic carbon cycles necessitates measuring geographical and temporal variations of surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). The seasonal pCO2 maps have been developed using MODIS-derived SST and chlorophyll for four different seasons to calculate air–sea flux of CO2 at basin scale. Summer in 2017 had the lowest pCO2 value (263 µatm), whereas monsoon season in 2016 had the highest (553 µatm). From 2010 to 2019, atmospheric pCO2 level fluctuated from 371 to 396 µatm with progressive growth of atmospheric pCO2 at 2.5 μatm year−1. The inter-annual CO2 flux ranged between − 3.58 and 3.64 mmol C m−2 day−1. Significant negative CO2 flux (− 3.58 mmol C m−2 day−1) was observed in 2015 premonsoon, indicating that the Bay of Bengal was a net sink for atmospheric CO2, while served as a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere in 2013 monsoon season with a significant positive flux of CO2 (3.64 mmol C m−2 day−1) to the atmosphere. The annual CO2 sink was active in 2015 (− 1.17 mmol C m−2 day−1) which showed increased trend from 2014 to 2018 with a range of − 1.17 to − 0.26 mmol C m−2 day−1. The Bay of Bengal was found to be a substantial CO2 contributor to the atmosphere in 2013 (3.64 mmol C m−2 day−1) and 2012 (3.27 mmol C m−2 day−1). In this context, the southwest Bay of Bengal serves as a net sink of atmospheric pCO2 during summer season on an annual scale, and a weak sink during postmonsoon and premonsoon seasons, while served as a strong source of CO2 to the atmosphere during monsoon season from 2010 to 2019 with super saturation of CO2.

Endophytic Fungal Pre-treatments of Seeds Alleviates Salinity Stress Effects in Soybean Plants

Ramalingam Radhakrishnan,Abdul Latif Khan,이인정 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.6

In the present study, four endophytic fungi (GM-1, GM-2,GM-3, and GM-4) were tested for their ability to improve soybean plant growth under salinity stress conditions. The seed germination and plant growth were higher in seeds pretreated with endophytic fungal cultures than their controls. The positive influence of fungi on plant growth was supported by gibberellins analysis of culture filtrate (CF), which showed wide diversity and various concentrations of GAs. Specifically, GA4, GA7, GA8, GA9, GA12, and GA20 were found in fungal CFs. Under salinity stress conditions, GM-1significantly enhanced the length and fresh weight of soybean plants relative to other fungal treatments. GM-1 effectively mitigated the adverse effects of salinity by limiting lipid peroxidation and accumulating protein content. GM-2,GM-3, and GM-4 also counteracted the salinity induced oxidative stress in soybean plants through reduction of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of protein content, maintaining the length and fresh weight of shoots. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were inhibited in salinity exposed plants,while GM-1 significantly enhanced these antioxidant enzyme activities in plants under salt stress. GM-1 treatment also showed lower levels of abscisic acid and elevated levels of salicylic acid in plants under salinity stress. Hence, GM-1 was identified as Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis) isolate RK01 based on its DNA sequence homology. These results suggest that endophytic fungal (F. verticillioides) pre-treatment of soybean seeds would be an effective method to promote soybean plant growth under salinity stress conditions.

The Protective Effects of Insulin on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in C6 Glial Cells

( Ramalingam Mahesh ),( Sung Jin Kim ) 한국응용약물학회 2009 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.17 No.4

Design of High Output Broadband Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Double Tapered Cavity Beam

Ramalingam Usharani,Gandhi Uma,Mangalanathan Umapathy 한국정밀공학회 2016 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.3 No.4

Design of piezoelectric energy harvester for a wide operating frequency range is a challenging problem and is currently being investigated by many researchers. Widening the operating frequency is required, as the energy is harvested from ambient source of vibration which consists of spectrum of frequency. This paper presents a technique to increase the operating frequency range and to enhance the amplitude of the generated voltage in the operating frequency range. The wider operating frequency range is achieved by designing a harvester using propped cantilever beam with variable overhang and the amplitude of the generated voltage is enhanced by introducing a double tapered cavity. The proposed piezoelectric energy harvester is modeled analytically using Euler Bernoulli beam theory. The results from the modeling and analysis reveal that the maximum voltage is generated from the energy harvester designed with the double tapered cavity having the taper angle of α =2.25o. Hence the experimental investigations are carried out with this energy harvester and the generated voltage measured is in close agreement with the results obtained from the model. The simulation and experimental results presented in this paper demonstrate that the proposed harvester design not only widens the operating frequency range but also it enhances the amplitude of the generated voltage in large extent.

Insulin as a Potent Stimulator of Akt, ERK and Inhibin-βE Signaling in Osteoblast-Like UMR-106 Cells

Ramalingam, Mahesh,Kwon, Yong-Dae,Kim, Sung-Jin The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.6

Insulin is a peptide hormone of the endocrine pancreas and exerts a wide variety of physiological actions in insulin sensitive tissues, such as regulation of glucose homeostasis, cell growth, differentiation, learning and memory. However, the role of insulin in osteoblast cells remains to be fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that the insulin (100 nM) has the ability to stimulate the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the levels of inhibin-${\beta}E$ in the osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells. This insulin-stimulated activities were abolished by the PI3K and MEK1 inhibitors LY294002 and PD98059, respectively. This is the first report proving that insulin is a potential candidate that enables the actions of inhibin-${\beta}E$ subunit of the TGF-${\beta}$ family. The current investigation provides a foundation for the realization of insulin as a potential stimulator in survival signaling pathways in osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells.

The potential role of secondary metabolites in modulating the flavor and taste of the meat

Ramalingam, Vaikundamoorthy,Song, Zhen,Hwang, Inho Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2019 Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Flavor is one of the most significant characteristics of beef palatability and it can eventually affect the consumer's acceptance of a beef product and purchasing habits. Variation in beef quality is large and is due to many factors, such as differences in genetic background, sex, age, management and nutrition. The consumer's decision to purchase beef is guided by the perception of healthiness and a variety of sensory traits including color, tenderness, juiciness, and aroma or flavor. Apart from this, there are several factors including peptides, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, fat contents are also play a vital role in determining the taste and flavor of the meat. In this review, we try to explore and explain the potential role of these factors in modulating the flavor and taste of the meat in detail.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The novelty and significance of the work are as follows: </LI> <LI> Sensory properties of the meat. </LI> <LI> Effect of Maillard reaction in modulating the quality of the meat. </LI> <LI> Role of secondary metabolites in taste and flavor of the meat. </LI> <LI> Perception of the flavor in the meat quality. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>