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Analytical Models to Predict Power Harvesting with Piezoelectric Transducer
Raghava Raju Muppala,K. Padma Raju,Nam Mee Moon,Baek Ho Jung 한국전자파학회JEES 2008 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.8 No.1
Advances in low power design open the possibility to harvest energy from the environment to power electronic circuits. Electrical energy can be harvested from piezoelectric transducer. Piezoelectric materials can be used as mechanisms to transfer mechanical energy usually vibrating system into electrical energy that can be stored and used to power other devices. Micro- to milli-watts power can be generated from vibrating system. We developed definitive and analytical models to predict the power generated from a cantilever beam attached with piezoelectric transducer. Analytical models are pin-force method, enhanced pin-force method and Euler-Bernoulli method. Harmonic oscillations and random noise will be the two different forcing functions used to drive each system. It has been selected the best model for generating electric power based upon the analytical results obtained.
Sirangi, Subash,Jogam, Phanikanth,Nemali, Gandhi,Ajmeera, Ragan,Abbagani, Sadanandam,Raju, Vatsavaya S. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2020 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.47 No.4
The genetic diversity of two subpopulations of Corynandra chelidonii, one of terrestrial and the other of aquatic environments, was measured with molecular markers, such as start codon targeted (SCoT), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The traditional morphological traits such as habitat, habit, leaf morphology, the colour of the sepals and petals, number of stamens, and seed morphology formed the base for their realization as two varieties, C. chelidonii var. pallae and C. chelidonii var. chelidonii. The polymorphism between the two variants was 100% with the primers SCoT-2 and OPA-1 and 4, while maximum polymorphism was detected with ISSR-2, SCoT-3, and OPA-3. The study used, for the first time, more than one molecular marker to assess the genetic variation underscoring the morphological variation in Corynandra chelidonii (L.f.) Cochrane & Iltis. The study justifies the recognition of the two subpopulations of Corynandra chelidonii from aquatic and terrestrial environments as two distinct varieties, C. chelidonii var. pallae (Reddy & Raju) V.S.Raju and C. chelidonii var. chelidonii, respectively, based on the traditional taxonomic evidence.
Joining of metal-ceramic using reactive air brazing for oxygen transport membrane applications
Raju, K.,Muksin,Kim, S.,Song, K.s.,Yu, J.H.,Yoon, D.H. Elsevier Ltd 2016 Materials & Design Vol.109 No.-
<P>This study examined the joining of dense Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 (-) (delta)-La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (-) (delta) (GDC-LSCF) ceramics to high temperature metal alloys for the fabrication of multilayered oxygen transport membrane (OTM) stacks. Reactive air brazing using a silver-based paste was performed at 1050 degrees C for 30 min in air to join GDC-LSCF/high temperature alloys, such as AISI 310S, Inconel 600 and Crofer 22 APU. The effects of the various filler materials, including CuO, GDC, LSCF, and GDC-LSCF mixture, in the Ag paste were also examined. The Ag-10 wt% CuO braze filler ensured in a reliable and compact joining without the formation of cracks and voids at the joining interface, while the addition of other ceramic fillers resulted in incomplete joining. Although none of the GDC-LSCF/metal alloy joints showed gas leakage at room temperature, the GDC-LSCF/Crofer joint only maintained the gas-tightness up to 800 degrees C under pressurized air up to 7 bars, which was explained by the microstructural rigidness of the oxide layer formed on the filler/alloy interface at high temperatures. This was supported by the minimal decrease in shear strength of the GDC-LSCF/Crofer joint, which was 91.1 and 88.3 MPa for the as-brazed and isothermally aged joint at 800 degrees C for 24 h in air, respectively. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</P>
Raju, M.V.L.N.,Devegowda, G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.7
In vitro binding efficacy of esterified glucomannan (E-GM) (0.1%) on aflatoxin B1 (AF) (300 ppb), ochratoxin A (OA) (2 ppm) and T-2 toxin (T-2) (3 ppm), when present alone or in combination, was evaluated in toxin-contaminated feed at pH 4.5 and 6.5. Esterified glucomannan showed significantly (p<0.01) higher binding with AF (81.6%), whereas those recorded with T-2 (27.8%) and OA (25.6%) were moderate. Binding of each toxin decreased as the number of toxins in feed increased. pH of medium showed no effect on mycotoxin binding ability of E-GM. A $2{\times}2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial experiment of 5 week duration was conducted to study the effects of two dietary levels each of AF (0 and 300 ppb), OA (0 and 2 ppm), T-2 (0 and 3 ppm ) and E-GM (0 and 0.1%) on the immune competence of a total of 960 day-old commercial broilers. Reductions in size of thymus (by AF and T-2) and bursa (by AF) and antibody titers against Newcastle disease and Infectious Bursal disease (by all the toxins) were noted. Additive and antagonistic interactions were seen among the toxins on certain parameters. Esterified glucomannan significantly (p<0.01) improved antibody titers and weights of bursa ofFabricius and thymus indicating its counteracting efficacy against immunosuppression in mycotoxicosis of multiple origin.
Raju, G. Seeta Rama,Pavitra, E.,Ko, Yeong Hwan,Yu, Jae Su The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.31
<P>Stable CaMoO<SUB>4</SUB> spherulites were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method using (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>6</SUB>Mo<SUB>7</SUB>O<SUB>24</SUB>·4H<SUB>2</SUB>O as a Mo source and these spherulites were formed according to the theoretical predictions of the crystal splitting theory. Rietveld refinement and photoluminescence studies confirmed that the CaMoO<SUB>4</SUB> spherulites are defect-free. The CaMoO<SUB>4</SUB> spherulites showed greenish-blue emission and the single emitting component of CaMoO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> spherulites led to a novel excitation induced efficient emission property like organic light emitting diodes. Cathodoluminescent properties of the CaMoO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> exhibited individual emissions from MoO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2−</SUP> clusters and Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. The white color emissions were clearly explained using Gaussian fitting curves. The corresponding CIE chromaticity coordinates provided their emission potentiality in the green, red and white regions for optical and biological applications.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Stable CaMoO<SUB>4</SUB> spherulites with tunable luminescent properties have been synthesized and the growth mechanism is in well agreement with the theoretical predictions of the crystal splitting theory. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm32049e'> </P>
Raju Nandhakumar,Yun Soo Ahn,Hoe-Jin Yoon,김관묵 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.12
New receptors 1-3 that bind stereoselectively amino alcohols and convert chirality of amino acidsvia imine bond formation were synthesized. The receptors have uryl (1), thiouryl (2) and guanidinium (3) groups all with additional phenylcarbonyl motifs, which are effective hydrogen bonding donors and play a key role in the stereoselective recognitions. The stereoselectivities were measured from the integration of 1H NMR peaks. Compound 1 and 2 showed the stereoselectivities for the imine formation with amino alcohols (KR/KS) in the range of 2 ~ 4, and compound 3 in the range of 4 ~ 8. Chirality conversion efficienciesof 1-3 for amino acids, i.e. D/L ratio at equilibrium, are in the range of 1.5 ~ 5.6, showing a little higher efficiency with 3. The additional phenylcarbonyl motifs in 1-3 were revealed not to contribute to significant enhancement of the selectivities.
Raju, K.,Muksin,Yoon, D.H. Ceramurgica ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.42 No.14
This paper reports the effectiveness of a Ag-10wt% CuO braze filler for the joining of dense Ce<SUB>0.9</SUB>Gd<SUB>0.1</SUB>O<SUB>2-δ</SUB>-La<SUB>0.6</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.4</SUB>Co<SUB>0.2</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.8</SUB>O<SUB>3-δ</SUB> (GDC-LSCF) dual-phase ceramics for the oxygen transport membrane applications. Brazing was performed at 1050<SUP>o</SUP>C for 30min in air. The microstructure of the ceramic-filler-ceramic interfaces of the polished cross-sectional areas and the elemental distribution were examined. The results indicated that the Ag-10wt% CuO braze filler ensured reliable and compact joining without the formation of cracks and voids at the joining interface. The room temperature mechanical shear strengths were 59.3 and 40.2MPa for the as-brazed and isothermally aged joints at 800<SUP>o</SUP>C for 24h in air, respectively.
Raju, Arathy,Nair, Shantikumar V.,Lakshmanan, Vinoth-Kumar IET 2017 IET nanobiotechnology Vol.11 No.7
<P>Phytomedicine research received tremendous attention for novel therapeutic agent due to their safety and low cost. We assessed a novel nanoformulation of Biophytum sensitivum (BS), natural flavonoids for their improved efficacy and superior bioavailability against crude extract for prostate cancer cells (PC3). We prepared a nanomedicine of BS by nanoprecipitation method and size analysis via DLS and SEM revealed a range of 100-118nm and surface zeta potential as -9.77mV. FTIR was performed to evaluate functional for presence of carbonyl and aromatic rings, respectively. Human PC3 cells showed concentration at 0.5, 0.8, and 1mg/ml dependent cytotoxicity 22, 39, and 56% for 24h, whereas 43, 41, and 67% for 48h of BS nanomedicine compared with crude 11, 22, and 53% for 24h and 38, 31, and 60% for 48h, respectively. Haemocompatibility of BS nanomedicine at the concentration of 0.5, 0.8, and 1mg/ml did not show blood aggregation. Cellular uptake was confirmed using rhodamine-conjugated BS nanomedicine for 48h. Interestingly, BS nanomedicine 1 mg/ml decreases the nitrite productions in PC3 cells. Collectively, BS nanomedicine has the potential anti-cancer agents with biocompatible and enhanced efficacy can be beneficial for the treatment of prostate cancer</P>