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Jiang Na,Bambang Sumintono,Corinne J. Perera,Alma Harris,Michelle S. Jones 서울대학교 교육연구소 2018 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.19 No.1
Principal preparation and training is generally viewed as an important contributor to school and system improvement. While the international evidence based on leadership and leadership development is extensive, contemporary accounts of principal preparation in a number of Asian countries are not widespread. This article outlines the findings from a small-scale, exploratory investigation of principal preparation and training in one province in China. Open-ended questionnaire and interview data were collected from a sample of secondary school principals in Henan Province in China, as part of a larger comparative study. The findings show that while principals in this province appreciate their formal training, they also seek out other sources of informal preparation to assist them in their fulfilling their many obligations and responsibilities. The data also highlight that many principals in China are finding the demands of their formal leadership role very challenging, particularly in delivering, contemporary reforms such as the new curriculum. The article concludes by proposing that for principals in China, there are some contradictions and tensions associated with the current demands of this leadership role.
Na Jiang,Yuangong Sun 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11
This article investigates some new exponential stability criteria of discrete-time switched systems with both disturbance and impulse. By introducing a novel multiple switched time-varying matrix function, sufficient conditions are presented to ensure the discrete-time switched system to be exponentially stable and achieve H<SUB>∞</SUB> performance under the mode-dependent interval dwell-time switching. Eventually, two numerical examples with unstable subsystems are presented which verify the validity of our conclusions.
Yi Na Jiang,Biao Wang,Hui Li,Lu Ming Yao,Tian Long Wu 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.53 No.6
Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites found in many higher plants. The multiple roles of their flavone subclass include protection against UV damage,regulation of auxin transport, and modulation of flower color. In soybean (Glycine max), flavone synthase II (FNS II) is the key enzyme responsible for flavone biosynthesis. Two FNS II genes from soybean cultivar Hefeng 47 were cloned according to basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) contexts using flavone synthase sequences reported in other species. These were named GmFNSII-1and GmFNSII-2. Sequence alignments showed that the cDNA of GmFNSII-1 was identical to that of CYP93B16,whereas GmFNSII-2 was clearly distinct. Functional assays in yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) suggested that these two enzymes could convert (2S)-naringenin into apigenin. The two GmFNSII genes had similar tissue-specific expression patterns, but GmFNSII-2 was significantly expressed in the roots after treatment with 0.4 M glucose. This demonstrates that the gene plays an important role in the response to defense signals in soybean. RNA interference-mediated suppression of those GmFNSII genes effectively regulated flavone and isoflavone production in hairy roots that arose from soybean cotyledons transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (ATCC15834). Our study also highlights some of the challenges associated with metabolic engineering of plant natural products.
Na, Sang-Gyun(나상균),Pengfei Gui(계붕비),QingYun Jiang(장청운) 한국경영교육학회 2019 경영교육연구 Vol.34 No.3
[연구목적] 본 연구는 중국의 전자 상거래 기업을 대상으로 경영효율성을 측정하고, 경영효율성에 영향을 미치는 환경요인이 효율성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석함으로써 전자상거래 기업의 경영효율성을 결정하는 요인을 추정하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 경영효율성의 평가와 운영의 효율성을 제고하는 데 연구의 목적이 있다. [연구방법] SBM-DEA 모형을 이용하여 상장 된 42개 전자상거래 기업의 경영효율성을 2단계 DEA 모형을 적용한 Tobit 회귀분석을 수행하였다. [연구결과] 상장 전자 상거래 기업들은 전체 기술효율 평균값 0.518로 나타나, 효율성의 향상시킬 수 있는 여지가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 전체적으로 전자 상거래 기업들은 과도 투입이나 산출 부족의 문제가 존재하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 총 자산 회전율, 순이익 및 브랜드 가치 인식이 전자상거래 기업 운영의 효율성에 중요한 요소로 분석되었다. [연구의 시사점] 전자 상거래 기업들은 경영의 효율성을 추구하기 위해서는 기술 및 경영 수준을 지속적으로 개선해야 하고 경영 자원 배분을 최적화하며, 기술 효율성을 지속적으로 개선할 필요가 있음을 시사할 수 있다. [Purpose] This study measured the operating efficiency and analyzed the environmental factors affecting operational efficiency by using 42 listed e-commerce companies in China. The purpose is to evaluate the efficiency of e-commerce operations and improve the efficiency of e- commerce operations. [Methodology] This study used the SBM-DEA model to determine the operating efficiency of 42 listed e-commerce companies. The 2-stage DEA model used the Tobit regression model for regression analysis. [Findings] The average technical efficiency of listed e-commerce companies is 0.518, indicating that there is room for improvement in efficiency. Overall, e-commerce companies have problems with excessive investment or lack of output. In addition, total asset turnover, net profit and brand value perception are important factors in operational efficiency. [Implications] In order to pursue management efficiency, e-commerce enterprises need to continuously improve their technology and management level, optimize management resource allocation, and continuously improve technical efficiency.
Jiang, Hu-Lin,Park, In-Kyu,Shin, Na-Ri,Yoo, Han-Sang,Akaike, Toshihiro,Cho, Chong-Su The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.3
Chitosan microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation process with sodium sulfate for nasal vaccine delivery. Bordetella Bronchiseptica Dermonecrotoxin (BBD) as a major virulence factor of a causative agent of atrophic rhinitis (AR) was loaded to the chitosan microspheres for vaccination. Morphology of BBD-loaded chitosan microspheres was observed as spherical shapes. The average particle sizes of the BBD-loaded chitosan microspheres were about $2.69$\mid${\;}\mu\textrm{m}$. More BBD was released with an increase of molecular weight of chitosan and with an increase of medium pH in vitro due to weaker intermolecular interaction between chitosan and BBD. Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}{\;}(TNF{\alpha})$ and nitric oxide (NO) from RAW264.7 cells stimulated with BBD-loaded chitosan microspheres were gradually secreted, suggesting that released BBD from chitosan microspheres had immune stimulating activity of AR vaccine.
Jiang, Zheng Er,Shin, Bich-Na,Kim, In-Hye,Lee, Hyun-Joo,Yong, Jun-Hwan,Lee, Min-Jae,Won, Moo-Ho,Lee, Yun-Lyul The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2011 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.15 No.5
It has been rereported that axons which display 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) immunoreactivity are abundant in the pancreas and the majority of serotonergic axons terminate within intrapancreatic ganglia, islet and acini. This histological result strongly suggests that intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves could affect to the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate whether intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves could affect pancreatic exocrine secretion and an action mechanism of the intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves. The rats were anesthetized with a single injection of urethane. The median line and the abdominal aorta was carefully dissected and cannulated with PE-50 tubing just above the celiac artery, and then tightly ligated just below the superior mesenteric artery. The pancreatic duct was also cannulated with Tygon microbore tubing. With the addition of serotonin, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output were significantly inhibited electrical field stimulation (EFS). On the other hand, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output were significantly elevated in EFS with the addition of spiperone. EFS application, however, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output had no significant change in cholecystokinin (CCK) alone when serotonin was applied under a 5.6 mM glucose background. Pancreatic volume flow and amylase output under 18 mM glucose background were significantly elevated in CCK plus serotonin than in CCK alone. These data suggest that intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves play an inhibitory role in pancreatic exocrine secretion and an important role in the insulin action or release.
Na Sun,Tong Yu,Jun-Xing Zhao,Yaogui Sun,Junbing Jiang,Zhi-Bian Duan,WenkuiWang,Yuan-Liang Hu,Hai-Min Lei,HongquanLi 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.1
Twenty natural compounds isolated fromtraditional Chinese medicines were examined for theirantiviral activities against PCV2 in vitro. Antiviral activitywas analyzed by the assays of blocking of virus entry,inhibition of virus replication and inactivation of virusparticles in the virus suspension. 50% cytotoxic concentration(CC50) and 50% effective concentration (EC50) for eachcompound were determined by using the MTT method andimmunofluorescence assay (IFA), respectively. The resultsobtained from the inhibition of virus replication andinactivation of virus particles showed that the maximuminhibition rates for matrine and scutellarin were 57 and72.69% and their SI were 29.87 and 18.66, respectively. However, the results from the assays of inhibition of virusentry and inhibition of virus replication demonstrated thatboth aesculetin and arecoline hydrochloride stimulatedPCV2 replication, with the maximum stimulation rate of387.3 and 219.4%. In summary, both matrine and scutellarinhad antiviral activity against PCV2, while aesculetin andarecoline hydrochloride promoted PCV2 infection replicationin vitro.
Preparation of Novel Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine Derivatives via a New Concise Synthetic Approach
Na Guo,Haiyong Jia,Xing You,Du Jiang,Kui Lu,Peng Yu 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.4
The pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine core structure, a bioisostere of quinolones, is found in several molecules that possess important biological activity. We describe here a new, concise, three-step synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines starting from L-alanine. A series of 4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid derivatives, which have not been previously reported, were synthesized using this approach.