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Ciro, J.,Mesa, S.,Uribe, J.,Mejia-Escobar, M.,Ramirez, D.,Montoya, J.,Betancur, R.,Yoo, H. S.,Park, N. G.,Jaramillo, F. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Nanoscale Vol.9 No.27
<P>Effective control of the interface between the metal cathode and the electron transport layer (ETL) is critical for achieving high performance p-i-n planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Several organic molecules have been explored as interlayers between the silver (Ag) electrode and the ETL for the improvement in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of p-i-n planar PSCs. However, the role of these organic molecules in the charge transfer at the metal/ETL interface and the chemical degradation processes of PSCs has not yet been fully understood. In this work, we systematically explore the effects of the interfacial modification of the Ag/ETL interface on PSCs using rhodamine 101 as a model molecule. By the insertion of rhodamine 101 as an interlayer between Ag and fullerene derivatives (PC60BM and PC70BM) ETLs improve the PCE as well as the stability of p-i-n planar PSCs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization reveals that rhodamine passivates the defects at the PCBM layer and reduces the band bending at the PCBM surface. In consequence, charge transfer from the PCBM towards the Ag electrode is enhanced leading to an increased fill factor (FF) resulting in a PCE up to 16.6%. Moreover, rhodamine acts as a permeation barrier hindering the penetration of moisture towards the perovskite layer as well as preventing the chemical interaction of perovskite with the Ag electrode. Interestingly, the work function of the metal cathode remains more stable due to the rhodamine incorporation. Consequently, a better alignment between the quasi-Fermi level of PCBM and the Ag work function is achieved minimizing the energy barrier for charge extraction. This work contributes to reveal the relevance of proper interfacial engineering at the metal-cathode/organic-semiconductor interface.</P>
Tailoring magnetic energies to form dipole skyrmions and skyrmion lattices
Montoya, S. A.,Couture, S.,Chess, J. J.,Lee, J. C. T.,Kent, N.,Henze, D.,Sinha, S. K.,Im, M.-Y.,Kevan, S. D.,Fischer, P.,McMorran, B. J.,Lomakin, V.,Roy, S.,Fullerton, E. E. American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review B Vol.95 No.2
<P>The interesting physics and potential memory technologies resulting from topologically protected spin textures such as skyrmions have prompted efforts to discover new material systems that can host these kinds of magnetic structures. Here, we use the highly tunable magnetic properties of amorphous Fe/Gd multilayer films to explore the magnetic properties that lead to dipole-stabilized skyrmions and skyrmion lattices that form from the competition of dipolar field and exchange energy. Using both real space imaging and reciprocal space scattering techniques, we determined the range of material properties and magnetic fields where skyrmions form. Micromagnetic modeling closely matches our observation of small skyrmion features (similar to 50 to 70 nm) and suggests that these classes of skyrmions have a rich domain structure that is Bloch-like in the center of the film and more Neel-like towards each surface. Our results provide a pathway to engineer the formation and controllability of dipole skyrmion phases in a thin film geometry at different temperatures and magnetic fields.</P>
Resonant properties of dipole skyrmions in amorphous Fe/Gd multilayers
Montoya, S. A.,Couture, S.,Chess, J. J.,Lee, J. C. T.,Kent, N.,Im, M.-Y.,Kevan, S. D.,Fischer, P.,McMorran, B. J.,Roy, S.,Lomakin, V.,Fullerton, E. E. American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review B Vol.95 No.22
<P>The dynamic response of dipole skyrmions in Fe/Gd multilayer films is investigated by ferromagnetic resonance measurements and compared to micromagnetic simulations. We detail thickness-and temperature-dependent studies of the observed modes as well as the effects of magnetic field history on the resonant spectra. Correlation between the modes and the magnetic phase maps constructed from real-space imaging and scattering patterns allows us to conclude that the resonant modes arise from local topological features such as dipole skyrmions but do not depend on the collective response of a close-packed lattice of these chiral textures. Using micromagnetic modeling, we are able to quantitatively reproduce our experimental observations which suggests the existence of localized spin-wave modes that are dependent on the helicity of the dipole skyrmion. We identify four localized spin-wave excitations for the skyrmions that are excited under either in-plane or out-of-plane rf fields. Lastly we show that dipole skyrmions and nonchiral bubble domains exhibit qualitatively different localized spin-wave modes.</P>
M. Fernanda Garcı´a-Montoya,Juan M. Peralta-Herna´ndez,Silvia Gutie´rrez-Granados,Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz,R. Galindo,Rube´n Ornelas 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.31 No.-
The degradation of solutions with paracetamol and diclofenac has been studied by electro-oxidation(EOx), in a reactor with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a stainless steel cathode. Differentcurrent densities were applying: 1.56 to 6.25 mA/cm2. Close to 50% of mineralization is always achieveddue to the great concentration of OH generated at the BDD surface under EOx, with release of NH4+ andNO3ions. Same solutions have been comparatively treated with electro-Fenton (EF/BDD) process,improved the mineralization reached 80% of efficiency. Reversed-phase chromatography was carryingout to identify some by products that evolve under de degradation process.
Saturated Proportional-integral-type Control of UWMRs with Experimental Evaluations
Javier Moreno-Valenzuela,Luis Gonzalo Montoya-Villegas,Ricardo Pérez-Alcocer,Raúl Rascón 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.1
In this paper, a saturated proportional-integral (PI)-type controller for unicycle-type wheeled mobile robots (UWMRs) is designed. The advantages of the novel controller are the robustness to external disturbances and the ability to keep the control into admissible limits. The desired trajectory should satisfy the so-called virtual reference system and be bounded for all time. Lyapunov’s theory and Barbalat’s lemma are used to prove the convergence of the tracking errors. An analysis of when the system is affected by disturbances is also given. To assess the performance of the proposed controller, an experimental real-time comparison of five schemes, including the proposed one, is presented. All the tested controllers guarantee the motion control goal and can produce saturated control action. A circular reference trajectory for the tracking task is used to perform the comparison. The proposed PI-type controller presents the best trajectory tracking performance, while the generated control action remains bounded.
Beam Dynamics in a Long-pulse Linear Induction Accelerator
Carl Ekdahl,E. O. Abeyta,P. Aragon,R. Archuleta,G. Cook,D. Dalmas,K. Esquibel,R. Gallegos,R. Garnett,J. Harrison,J. Johnson,E. Jacquez,B. Trent McCuistian,N. Montoya,S. Nath,K. Nielsen,D. Oro,C. Rose 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61
The second axis of the Dual Axis Radiography of Hydrodynamic Testing (DARHT) facility produces up to four radiographs within an interval of 1.6 microseconds. It accomplishes this by slicing four micro-pulses out of a long 1.8-kA, 16.5-MeV electron beam pulse and focusing them onto a bremsstrahlung converter target. The long beam pulse is created by a dispenser cathode diode and accelerated by the unique DARHT Axis-II linear induction accelerator (LIA). Beam motion in the accelerator would be a problem for radiography. High frequency motion, such as from beam breakup instability, would blur the individual spots. Low frequency motion, such as produced by pulsed power variation, would produce spot to spot differences. In this article, we describe these sources of beam motion, and the measures we have taken to minimize it.