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Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan,Abid Aslam Maan,Rana Muhammad Aadil,Akmal Nazir,Masood Sadiq Butt,Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid,Muhammad Inam Afzal 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.4
Onion and ginger are rich sources of bioactive compounds which are lost during conventional drying process. The present study was designed to optimize the novel Microwave Assisted Drying and Extraction technique (MADE) for simultaneous drying and extraction/recovery of bioactive compounds from model food products. The time required for drying of samples was 11 (onion) and 16 (ginger) minutes with recovery yield of 87% (onion) and 85% (ginger). The drying time was reduced to 100 times compared to hot air drying and moisture ratio of dried samples was best described by Midilli model. The diffusivities of onion and ginger slices were 1.27 e-11 and 1.43 e-11 m2/s, respectively. Moreover, microwave-based extraction was compared with conventional one. The results of antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of condensates obtained through MADE were higher compared to conventional method. In short, MADE exhibited better yield of extraction and drying properties compared to conventional methods.
APPLICATION OF COSTAIR TECHNOLOGY IN REGENERATIVE COMBUSTION SYSTEM FOR CLEAN EXHAUST
Muhammad Imtiaz,Waseem Amjad,In-Lim Gweon(임인권) 한국연소학회 2008 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.-
The innovative combustion technique of continuous staged air (COSTAIR) served as a basis for the development of newly developed regenerative burner. Existing regenerative burner in which a ceramic material is used as a heat storage medium is used for raising the temperature of combustion air for better heating potential of flue gases and reduction of fuel consumption. In this paper a numerical study has done to visualize the effect of introducing staged combustion air (another factor for enhancing efficiency) rather in bulk form in existing regenerative burners to increase the mixing property. It is analyzed it is effective in reducing all above factors along with NOx better. Due to proper mixing, temperature distribution is found to be uniform and heat transfer characteristics is also enhanced.
Shoaib Imtiaz,Jafar Ali,Muhammad Awais Siddique,Muhammad Asif Tanveer 한국디지털융합학회 2018 IJICTDC Vol.3 No.2
The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the attitudes of male and female customers regarding internet-based brand loyalty and its determinants in the Pakistani garments context. This study proposes that perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and brand image both directly and indirectly affects internet-based brand loyalty. A survey questionnaire with a convenience sampling approach was used to collect the primary data and it was collected from 197 customers of garment brands in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The proposed conceptual model indicated that the perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and brand image are important determinants of internet-based brand loyalty. All the hypotheses developed in this study were found statistically significant in the context of males and females. The study applies the regression analysis technique by using SPSS. The differences between male and female examined separately as well as together and the results showed that satisfied female customers have less internet-based brand loyalty than satisfied male customers (male customers are easier to retain as compare to female customers). This is because; loyalty and satisfaction of females are greatly shaped by the higher brand image and perceived quality, whereas male customers become more satisfied and loyal through attaining higher perceived value. The conclusions and the implications for internet-based brand loyalty are discussed.
Biochemical and Trace Mineral Analysis of Silajit Samples From Pakistan
Shafiq Muhammad Imtiaz,Nagra Saeed Ahmad,Batool Nayab The Korean Nutrition Society 2006 Nutritional Sciences Vol.9 No.3
Silajit is a blackish brown pitch-like gummy substance. It is an important Unani and Ayurvedic medicine widely used in the treatment of many diseases and as nutritional supplement It is found in certain mountainous regions of Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Australia and Russia. Silajit samples of Pakistani origin were obtained from different sources and analyzed for their physical characteristics and biochemical & elemental composition. X-ray diffraction studies on Silajit showed that it is an amorphous substance and has no crystalline structure. Also, pH studies of Silajit (2 g/L of water) indicated that it was slightly acidic in nature and ranged from 3.45 to 7.23. Conductivity ranged from 157.7 to 330. Amino acid analysis revealed that Silajit contained lysine and alanine in higher amounts than all other amino acids and ranged from 1456 to 2240 and 68 to $1615{\eta}mole/g$, respectively. Mean concentration of arsenic, mercury, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc was 73.15, 104.92, 0.496, 3.89, 4.04 and 17.23 ppm, respectively. Silajit samples were also analyzed for calcium, potassium and sodium.
Hierarchical structure parameters in three dimensional turbulence: She-Leveque model
Imtiaz Ahmad,Lamjed Hadj-Taieb,Muzamal Hussain,Mohamed A. Khadimallah,Muhammad Taj,Adil Alshoaibi 국제구조공학회 2022 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.29 No.5
Hierarchical structure parameters, proposed in She-Leveque model, are investigated for velocity components obtained from different flow types over a large range of Reynolds numbers 255 < < 720. The values of intermittency parameter , with respect to a fixed velocity component, are observed nearly same for all four types of turbulence. The parameter , for streamwise velocity components is nearly the same but significantly different for vertical components in different flows. It is also observed that for both parameters, an obvious relation between the longitudinal and transverse components < (and < ) always holds. However, the difference between and is found very small in all types of turbulent flows, we studied here. It is evidenced that at low Reynolds numbers, the deviations from K41 scaling are mainly due to the most intense structures and slightly because of more heterogeneous hierarchy of fluctuation structures. However, at higher Reynolds numbers the deviations seem as a consequence of the most intense structures only. Over all, the study suggests that the hierarchy parameter may be consider as a universal constant.
Buckling influence of intermediate filaments with and without surface effects
Taj, Muhammad,Khadimallah, Mohamed A.,Ayed, Hamdi,Hussain, Muzamal,Mahmood, Shaid,Ahmad, Imtiaz Techno-Press 2022 Advances in nano research Vol.12 No.4
Intermediate filaments are the mechanical ropes for both cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton of the cell which provide tensile force to these skeletons. In providing the mechanical support to the cell, they are likely to buckle. We used conventional Euler buckling model to find the critical buckling force under different boundary conditions which they assume during different functions. However, there are many experimental and theoretical studies about other cytoskeleton components which demonstrate that due to mechanical coupling with the surrounding surface, the critical buckling force increases considerably. Motivated with these results, we also investigated the influence of surface effects on the critical buckling force of intermediate filaments. The surface effects become profound because of increasing ratio of surface area of intermediate filaments to bulk at nano-scale. The model has been solved analytically to obtain relations for the critical forces for the buckling of intermediate filaments without and with surface effects. We found that critical buckling force with surface effects increases to a large extent due to mechanical coupling of intermediate filaments with the surrounding surface. Our study may be useful to develop a unified experimental protocol to characterize the physical properties of Intermediate filaments and may be helpful in understanding many biological phenomenon involving intermediate filaments.
Carbonic anhydrase influences asymmetric sodium and acetate transport across omasum of sheep
Rabbani, Imtiaz,Rehman, Habib,Martens, Holger,Majeed, Khalid Abdul,Yousaf, Muhammad Shahbaz,Rehman, Zia Ur Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.5
Objective: Omasum is an important site for the absorption of short chain fatty acids. The major route for the transport of acetate is via sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE). However, a discrepancy in the symmetry of sodium and acetate transport has been previously reported, the mechanism of which is unclear. In this study, we investigated the possible role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) for this asymmetry. Methods: Omasal tissues were isolated from healthy sheep (N = 3) and divided into four groups; pH 7.4 and 6.4 alone and in combination with Ethoxzolamide. Electrophysiological measurements were made using Ussing chamber and the electrical measurements were made using computer controlled voltage clamp apparatus. Effect(s) of CA inhibitor on acetate and sodium transport flux rate of Na22 and 14C-acetate was measured in three different flux time periods. Data were presented as mean±standard deviation and level of significance was ascertained at p≤0.05. Results: Mucosal to serosal flux of Na (JmsNa) was greater than mucosal to serosal flux of acetate (JmsAc) when the pH was decreased from 7.4 to 6.4. However, the addition of CA inhibitor almost completely abolished this discrepancy (JmsNa ≈ JmsAc). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that the additional protons required to drive the NHE were provided by the CA enzyme in the isolated omasal epithelium. The findings of this study also suggest that the functions of CA may be exploited for better absorption in omasum.