Camellia sinesis leaves extract ameliorates high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats: analysis of potential mechanisms

Mohamed Safaa H.,Shahat Abdelaaty A.,Mohamed Mohamed Ragaa,Khalil Wagdy K. B.,Salem Ahmed M.,Farrag Abdel Razik H.,Ahmed Hanaa Hamdy 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.2

Purpose Our research aims to address and determine the effect of Camellia sinensis extract in the management of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats. Methods Forty adult female albino rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 (G1) served as the control group, while the other three groups received high-fat diet for 32 weeks to induce NASH and then were later assigned to the following groups: (G2) NASH-afflicted group which was left untreated, (G3) NASH-afflicted group treated with Camellia sinensis extract in a dose of 400 mg/kg, and (G4) NASH-afflicted group treated with Camellia sinensis extract in a dose of 200 mg/kg. Results Significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase, albumin, bilirubin (total and direct), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, leptin, Cox-2, and CD40 values was recorded. Moreover, overexpression of hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha and hepatocyte growth factor genes were recorded, whereas blood platelet count and serum high density lipoprotein concentration revealed significant depletion, which was paralleled by significant downregulation of hepatic adiponectin gene expression level in NASH group versus the control group. On the opposite side, treatment of NASH groups with two different doses of Camellia sinensis extract reversed the values of the measured biochemical parameters and the targeted gene expression levels when compared with the NASH group. Optical micrograph of liver tissue sections of rats treated with Camellia sinensis extract showed the observed improvement in the studied biochemical and genetic markers. Conclusion This study provides a clear evidence for the promising therapeutic potential of Camellia sinensis extract against NASH. This could be ascribed to its hepatoprotective activity, hypolipidemic effect, and anti-inflammatory potency.

Chemical composition, aphicidal and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of essential oils against Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Hussein Hanaa S.,Tawfeek Mohamed E.,Abdelgaleil Samir A.M. 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2

Aphids are important sucking insects that attack many crops and cause huge economic loss. Essential oils have been proposed to be appropriate alternative to synthetic insecticides due to their low impact on environment and human health. In this work, the chemical compositions of eight essential oils extracted from plants growing in Egypt were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The aphicidal activities of the isolated oils were examined against the adults of oleander aphid, Aphis nerii by a leaf-dipping assay. The inhibitory effect of essential oils on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also tested in vitro. Chemical an alyses showed the essential oils consisted mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes except the oil of Artemisia monosperma which con tained high content of benzenes. The results of toxicity assay showed that the oils of A. monosperma and Citrus sinensis were the most potent toxicants displaying LC 50 value of 0.06 mg/L. The oils of Callistemon viminals, Schinus terebinthifolius and Schinus molle were also highly effective against aphid as their LC 50 values were lower than 1 mg/L. In addition, the highest inhibitory effect on AChE was recorded by 0.5 mg/L C. sinensis with in hibition of 49.33%, while 0.1 mg/L Citrus lemon oil recorded the lowest inhibitory effect with inhibition of 0.4%. In general, six of tested essential oils showed high toxicity against A. nerii and they might be applied in the IPM programs for this insect.

Human Umbilical Cord Blood CD34-Positive Cells as Predictors of the Incidence and Short-Term Outcome of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Pilot Study

Sahar M.A. Hassanein,Mohamed Hassan Nasr Eldin,Hanaa A. Amer,Adel E. Abdelhamid,Moustafa El-Houssinie,Abir Ibrahim 대한신경과학회 2017 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.13 No.1

Background and Purpose Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the leading causes of neurological handicap in developing countries. Human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) CD34-positive (CD34+) stem cells exhibit the potential for neural repair. We tested the hypothesis that hUCB CD34+ stem cells and other cell types [leukocytes and nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs)] that are up-regulated during the acute stage of perinatal asphyxia (PA) could play a role in the early prediction of the occurrence, severity, and mortality of HIE. Methods This case-control pilot study investigated consecutive neonates exposed to PA. The hUCB CD34+ cell count in mononuclear layers was assayed using a flow cytometer. Twenty full-term neonates with PA and 25 healthy neonates were enrolled in the study. Results The absolute CD34+ cell count (p=0.02) and the relative CD34+ cell count (CD34+%) (p<0.001) in hUCB were higher in the HIE patients (n=20) than the healthy controls. The hUCB absolute CD34+ cell count (p=0.04), CD34+% (p<0.01), and Hobel risk scores (p=0.04) were higher in patients with moderate-to-severe HIE (n=9) than in those with mild HIE (n=11). The absolute CD34+ cell count was strongly correlated with CD34+% (p<0.001), Hobel risk score (p=0.04), total leukocyte count (TLC) (p<0.001), and NRBC count (p=0.01). CD34+% was correlated with TLC (p=0.02). Conclusions hUCB CD34+ cells can be used to predict the occurrence, severity, and mortality of neonatal HIE after PA.

Cellulitis in Broiler Chickens

AMER, Mohamed M.,MEKKY, Hoda M.,FEDAWY, Hanaa S.,AMER, Aziza M.,ELBAYOUMI, Khalid M. Korea FoodHealth Convergence Association 2020 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.6 No.5

Cellulitis in broiler chickens is one of the economically important problems that facing the broiler industry due to the presence of the lesion leads to condemnation of part of /or the entire carcasses. Broiler with cellulitis lesions showed lower body weight. Cellulitis was recorded on different body regions including the head, dorsum, thighs, breast, legs, and abdomen. Cellulitis results from the invasion of subcutaneous (s.c.) tissues by bacteria through disruption of skin integrity. Lesions revealed the existence of the characteristic s.c colored exudate varies from yellowish to green, which were either serosanguineous, fibrinous s.c exudate yellowish, greenish or suppurative. Many bacterial isolates including E. coli, Staphylococci, Clostridia, Aeromonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, and Streptococci were isolated from the lesion. Chickens exposed to immunosuppression proved to have a greater probability of developing cellulitis. The condition was experimentally induced by s.c inoculation of 25-day-old broiler chickens with E. coli, S. aureus and clostridia. Usually, bacterial isolates were multidrug-resistant. The usage of Bifidobacterium bifidum or antibiotic with avoiding immunosuppression can reduce lesion and condemnation rate resulted from cellulitis. The objective of this review is to collect different literature written about cellulitis to be available to students, researchers, and veterinarians in poultry practical.

Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antifungal activity of anionic and nonionic surfactants against crop pathogenic fungi

AHMED SALAH MAHMOUD TAWFIK,Mohamed F. Zaky,Tahany G.M. Mohammad,Hanaa A.E. Attia 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.29 No.-

Fungi have long been identified as causal agents of plant diseases. The development of plant antifungalactivity was attempted by synthesis of a new type of anionic and nonionic surfactant. The surfaceproperties were studied, including critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness (pcmc), maximumsurface excess (Gmax), and minimum surface area (Amin). Free energy of micellization and adsorption wascalculated (DG8mic and DG8ads). The antifungal activity of the prepared surfactants was verified in vitro bythe poisoned food technique against eight phytopathogenic fungi: Colletotrichum dematium, Drechslerahawaiiensis, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Humicola fuscoatra, Pestalotia laurocerasi, Phoma spp.,and Phytophthra. The results reported that the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth increases withincreasing concentrations of the surfactant for all fungal species used. These results indicated that thesurfactant inhibited the mycelial growth of all fungal species in a dose-dependent manner. Blendsurfactants have a potential antifungal effect for the control of some phytopathogenic fungi.

Ameliorative effects of Dictyota dichotoma on hepatotoxicity induced by gibberellic acid in albino rats

Ali Shaimaa,Moselhy Walaa A.,Mohamed Hanaa M.,Nabil Taghreed M.,Abo El-Ela Fatma I.,Abdou Kh. 한국독성학회 2022 Toxicological Research Vol.38 No.3

Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a natural plant growth regulator that is crucial for plant structural and functional development. We examined the alleviating capacity of brown algae (Dictyota dichotoma) on biochemical and molecular degenerative processes caused by sub-chronic exposure to gibberellic acid resulting in hepatic cell apoptosis. Adult male albino rats were divided into five equal groups: the first group received distilled water, the second group was treated with GA3, the third group was administered D. dichotoma extract suspended in 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), the fourth group was administered both GA3 and D. dichotoma simultaneously, and the fifth group received 1% CMC orally, 5 days per week for a total of 50 days. The results indicated that GA3 induced a significant increase in liver function parameters based on serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and albumin, which indicate hepatotoxicity. A marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a marked decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed as a result of induction of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Histopathology revealed severely degenerated hepatocytes including cytoplasmic vacuolations and many apoptotic cells with weak Bcl2 expression. Similarly, there was a significant up-regulation of gene and protein expression levels for the pro-apoptotic markers, Caspase-3 and Bax, and an increase in pro-inflammatory marker levels, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as C-reactive protein (CRP). The co-administration of D. dichotoma restored the disrupted biochemical, histopathological, molecular, and inflammatory changes resulting from GA3 toxicity. Our results confirm the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and hepatoprotective potential of D. dichotoma.