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Mirkin, Katelin A.,Hollenbeak, Christopher S.,Wong, Joyce The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2017 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.17 No.4
Purpose: Guidelines in Western countries recommend retrieving ${\geq}15$ lymph nodes (LNs) during gastric cancer resection. This study sought to determine whether the number of examined lymph nodes (eLNs), a proxy for lymphadenectomy, effects survival in node-negative disease. Materials and Methods: The US National Cancer Database (2003-2011) was reviewed for node-negative gastric adenocarcinoma. Treatment was categorized by neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) vs. initial resection, and further stratified by eLN. Kaplan-Meier and Weibull models were used to analyze overall survival. Results: Of the 1,036 patients who received NAT, 40.5% had ${\leq}10eLN$, and most underwent proximal gastrectomy (67.8%). In multivariate analysis, greater eLN was associated with improved survival (eLN 16-20: HR, 0.71; P=0.039, eLN 21-30: HR, 0.55; P=0.001). Of the 2,795 patients who underwent initial surgery, 42.5% had ${\leq}10eLN$, and the majority underwent proximal gastrectomy (57.2%). In multivariate analysis, greater eLN was associated with improved survival (eLN 11-15: HR, 0.81; P=0.021, eLN 16-20: HR, 0.73; P=0.004, eLN 21-30: HR, 0.62; P<0.001, and eLN >30: HR, 0.58; P<0.001). Conclusions: In the United States, the majority of node-negative gastrectomies include suboptimal eLN. In node-negative gastric cancer, greater LN retrieval appears to have therapeutic and prognostic value, irrespective of initial treatment, suggesting a survival benefit to meticulous lymphadenectomy.
Katelin A. Mirkin,Christopher S. Hollenbeak,Joyce Wong 대한위암학회 2017 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.17 No.4
Purpose: Guidelines in Western countries recommend retrieving ≥15 lymph nodes (LNs) during gastric cancer resection. This study sought to determine whether the number of examined lymph nodes (eLNs), a proxy for lymphadenectomy, effects survival in node-negative disease. Materials and Methods: The US National Cancer Database (2003–2011) was reviewed for node-negative gastric adenocarcinoma. Treatment was categorized by neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) vs. initial resection, and further stratified by eLN. Kaplan-Meier and Weibull models were used to analyze overall survival. Results: Of the 1,036 patients who received NAT, 40.5% had ≤10 eLN, and most underwent proximal gastrectomy (67.8%). In multivariate analysis, greater eLN was associated with improved survival (eLN 16–20: HR, 0.71; P=0.039, eLN 21–30: HR, 0.55; P=0.001). Of the 2,795 patients who underwent initial surgery, 42.5% had ≤10 eLN, and the majority underwent proximal gastrectomy (57.2%). In multivariate analysis, greater eLN was associated with improved survival (eLN 11–15: HR, 0.81; P=0.021, eLN 16–20: HR, 0.73; P=0.004, eLN 21–30: HR, 0.62; P<0.001, and eLN >30: HR, 0.58; P<0.001). Conclusions: In the United States, the majority of node-negative gastrectomies include suboptimal eLN. In node-negative gastric cancer, greater LN retrieval appears to have therapeutic and prognostic value, irrespective of initial treatment, suggesting a survival benefit to meticulous lymphadenectomy.
So similar yet so different: The two ends of a double strand break
Kim, Keun P.,Mirkin, Ekaterina V. Elsevier 2018 Mutation research Vol.809 No.-
<P>Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for ensuring proper segregation of chromosomes in the first round of meiotic division. HR is also crucial for preserving genomic integrity of somatic cells due to its ability to rescue collapsed replication forks and eliminate deleterious DNA lesions, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs), interstrand crosslinks, and single-strand DNA gaps. Here, we review the early steps of HR (homology search and strand exchange), focusing on the roles of the two ends of a DSB. A detailed overview of the basic HR machinery and its mechanism for template selection and capture of duplex DNA via strand exchange is provided. Roles of proteins involved in these steps are discussed in both mitotic and meiotic HR. Central to this review is the hypothesis, which suggests that in meiosis, HR begins with a symmetrical DSB, but the symmetry is quickly lost with the two ends assuming different roles; it argues that this disparity of the two ends is essential for regulation of HR in meiosis and successful production of haploid gametes. We also propose a possible evolutionary reason for the asymmetry of the ends in HR.</P>
Infinite coordination polymer nano- and microparticle structures
Spokoyny, Alexander M.,Kim, Dongwoo,Sumrein, Abdelqader,Mirkin, Chad A. Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Chemical Society reviews Vol.38 No.5
<P>Infinite coordination polymer particles (ICPs) represent an area of growing interest in chemistry and materials science due to their unique and highly tailorable properties. These structures can be conveniently synthesized in high yields from the appropriate metal salts and bifunctional ligand precursors. Unlike conventional metal–organic framework materials (MOFs), these ICPs exhibit a higher level of structural tailorability, including size- and morphology-dependent properties, and therefore, the promise of a wider scope of utility. A variety of methods now exist for making numerous compositions, with modest control over particle size and shape. These structures can exhibit microporosity, tunable fluorescence, magnetic susceptibility, and unusual catalytic activity and selectivity. Perhaps most importantly, many of these ICP structures can be depolymerized (sometimes reversibly) much faster and under milder conditions than MOFs, which makes them attractive for a variety of biomedical applications. Thus far, several types of ICPs have been explored as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery systems. The groundwork for this emerging field of ICPs has been laid only in the past few years, yet significant advances have already been made. Indeed, this <I>tutorial review</I> introduces the reader to the field of ICPs, providing a guide to the work done so far, with an emphasis on synthesis, applications and future prospects.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Synthesis, properties and emerging applications of metal–organic infinite coordination polymer nano- and microparticle structures. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b807085g'> </P>
Bae, Youn-Sang,Farha, Omar K.,Spokoyny, Alexander M.,Mirkin, Chad A.,Hupp, Joseph T.,Snurr, Randall Q. Royal Society of Chemistry 2008 Chemical communications Vol.2008 No.35
<P>Separation of CO<SUB>2</SUB>/CH<SUB>4</SUB> mixtures was studied in carborane-based metal–organic framework materials with and without coordinatively unsaturated metal sites; high selectivities for CO<SUB>2</SUB> over CH<SUB>4</SUB> (∼17) are obtained, especially in the material with open metal sites.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A carborane-based metal–organic framework with coordinatively unsaturated metal sites yields high selectivities for CO<SUB>2</SUB> over CH<SUB>4</SUB> (∼17). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b805785k'> </P>
Colorimetric Nitrite and Nitrate Detection with Gold Nanoparticle Probes and Kinetic End Points
Daniel, Weston L.,Han, Min Su,Lee, Jae-Seung,Mirkin, Chad A. American Chemical Society 2009 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.131 No.18
<P>We report the development of a novel colorimetric nitrite and nitrate ion assay based upon gold nanoparticle probes functionalized with Griess reaction reagents. This assay takes advantage of the distance-dependent plasmonic properties of the gold nanoparticles and the ability of nitrite ion to facilitate the cross coupling of novel nanoparticle probes modified with aniline and naphthalene moieties. The assay works on the concept of a kinetic end point and can be triggered at the EPA limit for this ion in drinking water (highlighted in red, microM). This rapid and simple assay could be useful for on-site water quality monitoring.</P>
Bioluminescent nanosensors for protease detection based upon gold nanoparticle–luciferase conjugates
Kim, Young-Pil,Daniel, Weston L.,Xia, Zuyong,Xie, Hexin,Mirkin, Chad A.,Rao, Jianghong Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Chemical communications Vol.46 No.1
<P>This communication reports the use of click chemistry to site-specifically conjugate bioluminescent <I>Renilla</I> luciferase proteins to gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for sensing protease activity. The bioluminescent emission from luciferase was efficiently quenched by Au NPs, but significantly recovered after the proteolytic cleavage.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>This communication reports the first demonstration of quenching of bioluminescent emission from luciferase by gold nanoparticles, and the design of a bioluminescent gold nanosensor for sensing protease activity. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b915612g'> </P>