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Urban housing redevelopment trends in Downtown San Diego, California
Mihai Anghel,Young-Sik Kim,Albert Garcia 국토지리학회 2004 국토지리학회지 Vol.38 No.1
Starting in the late 1990s San Diego’s downtown area has seen a very aggressive revitalization andredevelopment campaign. Spearheaded mainly by city government, investment bankers, and private developers, this newurban center redevelopment involves the rehabilitation of older buildings, renovations, reallocation of space, demolition ofexisting structures, and rerouting of public resources. This paper briefly overviews these new developments in downtownSan Diego from 2000 to 2003 and evaluates the efficacy of four different subareas of downtown using some GIStechniques, in terms of the location of the new developments, and how they interact [with]in regards to: publictransportation, land use zoning, number of units per building, type of buildings, and location of services. Downtownconstruction in San Diego has dramatically altered the socio-economic dynamics as well as the landscape of San Diego’sdowntown area.
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( Mirela Anghel ),( Elena Radu Sultanescu ),( Mihai Sandulescu ),( Anca Ioana Anghel ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most important causes of premature death worldwide. Pre-diabetic state, mainly impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and sudden death. Aortic function (AD-aortic distensibility) plays a signifi cant prognostic role for cardiovascular (CV) events. The resistive index (RI) refl ects local wall extensibility and the related vascular resistance. Methods: We enrolled 285 consecutive newly diagnosed hypertensive pre-diabetic (IGT) patients without CAD (according to ESC and EASD). All patients were evaluated by lab tests, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, carotid Doppler ultrasound (RI), Doppler echocardiography (AD), ECG stress test for non-cardiac or atypical chest symptom, rest ECG and/or cardiac echo abnormalities. We analyzed the association between AD, RI, BP, abnormal exercise ECG, several clinical parameters and cardiac events during a mean follow-up period of 4.5 ± 0.3 years. Results: The mean age of the population was 47.5 ± 14.6 years. Abnormal stress ECG showing inducible ischemia was noticed in 21% pts. Univariate analysis has shown the following parameters signifi cant associated with abnormal exercise testing: age (p<0.01), family history of premature CV events (p<0.02), SBP (p<0.02), dyslipidaemia (p<0.02), AD (p<0.03), carotid RI (p<0.04), and plasma glucose (p<0.04). Multi-adjusted analysis revealed that LDL cholesterol (p<0.01), SBP (p<0.02), higher values ofRI (p<0.02) and lower values of AD (p<0.03) were signifi cant independent predictors of abnormal ECG exercise test. Multivariate Cox proportional analysis revealed that abnormal stress ECG (HR=2.4, 95%CI: 1.5 - 6.1, p=0.032) and post-load glucose (2- hPG) (HR=2.7, 95%CI: 0.8 - 6.5, p=0.039) were good predictors of the cardiac events. Conclusion: Two simple, effective markers of vascular dysfunction - aortic distensibility and resistive index can be extremely useful in every day clinical practice in the initial risk evaluation of newly diagnosed pre-diabetic hypertensive patients without known previous CAD.
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