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Monetary policy and central bank independenceunder endogenous conservatism
( Michael Berlemann ),( Andrea Schneider ) 한양대학교 경제연구소 2014 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH Vol.19 No.2
In this paper we study the effects of monetary policy under endogenous conservatism. We find a feedback mechanism of macroeconomic outcomes on policy conservatism to destabilize the economy or at least to contribute to considerable adjustment costs. Central bank independence turns out to be a suitable solution to this problem.
A unified analysis of four cosmic shear surveys
Chang, Chihway,Wang, Michael,Dodelson, Scott,Eifler, Tim,Heymans, Catherine,Jarvis, Michael,Jee, M James,Joudaki, Shahab,Krause, Elisabeth,Malz, Alex,Mandelbaum, Rachel,Mohammed, Irshad,Schneider, Mic Oxford University Press 2019 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.482 No.3
Metabolic detoxification of capsaicin by UDP-glycosyltransferase in three Helicoverpa species
Seung-Joon Ahn,Francisco R. Badenes-Pérez,Michael Reichelt,Aleš Svatoš,Bernd Schneider,Jonathan Gershenzon,David G. Heckel 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
Capsaicin β-glucoside was isolated from the feces of Helicoverpa armigera, H. assulta and H. zea that fed on capsaicin-supplemented artificial diet. The chemical structure was identified by NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as by enzymatic hydrolysis. The excretion rates of the glucoside were different among the three species; those in the two generalists, H. armigera and H. zea, were higher than in a specialist, H. assulta. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) enzyme activities measured from the whole larval homogenate of the three species with capsaicin and UDP-glucose as substrates were also higher in the two generalists. Compared among five different larval tissues (labial glands, testes from male larvae, midgut, the Malpighian tubules, and fatbody) from the three species, the formation of the capsaicin glucoside by one or more UGT is high in the fat body of all the three species as expected, as well as in H. assulta Malpighian tubules. Optimization of the enzyme assay method is also described in detail. Although the lower excretion rate of the unaltered capsaicin in H. assulta indicates higher metabolic capacity toward capsaicin than in the other two generalists, the glucosylation per se seems to be insufficient to explain the decrease of capsaicin in the specialist, suggesting H. assulta might have another important mechanism to deal with capsaicin more specifically.
Max Leonhard Seegel,Raphael M. Herr,Michael Schneider,Burkhard Schmidt,Joachim E. Fischer 대한예방의학회 2019 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.52 No.3
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to validate a shortened transformational leadership (TL) scale (12 items) comprising core TL behaviour and to test the associations of this shortened TL scale with depressive symptoms. Methods: The study used cross-sectional data from 1632 employees of the overall workforce of a middle-sized German company (51.6% men; mean age, 41.35 years; standard deviation, 9.4 years). TL was assessed with the German version of the Transformational Leadership Inventory and depressive symptoms with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The structural validity of the core TL scale was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis. Associations with depressive symptoms were estimated with structural equation modelling and adjusted logistic regression. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling showed better model fit for the core TL than for the full TL score. Logistic regression revealed 3.61-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.20 to 5.93: women) to 4.46-fold (95% CI, 2.86 to 6.95: men) increased odds of reporting depressive symptoms (HADS score >8) for those in the lowest tertile of reported core TL. Conclusions: The shortened core TL seems to be a valid instrument for research and training purposes in the context of TL and depressive symptoms in employees. Of particular note, men reporting poor TL were more likely to report depressive symptoms.
Janina Kirchhoff,Andreas Schiermeyer,Katja Schneider,Rainer Fischer,W. Michael Ainley,Steven R. Webb,Helga Schinkel,Stefan Schillberg 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.4
Genome editing tools such as zinc-finger nucleases provide novel strategies for genetic manipulation in plants. Unlike agrobacterium- mediated or direct gene transfer, which introduce genes randomly into the genome and thereby potentially resulting in high variation of gene expression, the targeted gene addition provides predictable integration of DNA sequences into a specified location of the plant genome. We investigated whether various independent cell lines that all contain a transgene placed in the same genomic locus by zinc-finger nuclease-mediated homologous recombination (HR) would yield a more reproducible and homogeneous level of expression compared to integration events generated via agrobacterium-mediated transformation at random sites. The variance of gene expression of targeted HR events and random integration events was analyzed in Nicotiana tabacum L cv. Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) suspension cells by measuring protein amount produced from the transgene by flow cytometry, thus providing the first report on positional effects of marker gene expression in a quickly proliferating plant suspension cell line. Marker protein levels of targeted HR and single-copy random events covered a similar range; however, the uniformity of protein expression in a given cell line was significantly higher in targeted events than in lines with randomly inserted transgene; the same is true for the overall viability of protoplasts from HR lines. In conclusion, using targeted insertion into a qualified locus of a well-characterized line leads to more reliable results than random insertion into the genome.
Seegel, Max Leonhard,Herr, Raphael M.,Schneider, Michael,Schmidt, Burkhard,Fischer, Joachim E. The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2019 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.52 No.3
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to validate a shortened transformational leadership (TL) scale (12 items) comprising core TL behaviour and to test the associations of this shortened TL scale with depressive symptoms. Methods: The study used cross-sectional data from 1632 employees of the overall workforce of a middle-sized German company (51.6% men; mean age, 41.35 years; standard deviation, 9.4 years). TL was assessed with the German version of the Transformational Leadership Inventory and depressive symptoms with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The structural validity of the core TL scale was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis. Associations with depressive symptoms were estimated with structural equation modelling and adjusted logistic regression. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling showed better model fit for the core TL than for the full TL score. Logistic regression revealed 3.61-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.20 to 5.93: women) to 4.46-fold (95% CI, 2.86 to 6.95: men) increased odds of reporting depressive symptoms (HADS score >8) for those in the lowest tertile of reported core TL. Conclusions: The shortened core TL seems to be a valid instrument for research and training purposes in the context of TL and depressive symptoms in employees. Of particular note, men reporting poor TL were more likely to report depressive symptoms.