Forecasted 2040 global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using hierarchical bayesian approach

Michael H. Le,Yee Hui Yeo,Biyao Zou,Scott Barnet,Linda Henry,Ramsey Cheung,Mindie H. Nguyen 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.4

Background/Aims: Due to increases in obesity and type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has also been increasing. Current forecast models may not include non-obese NAFLD. Here, we used the Bayesian approach to forecast the prevalence of NAFLD through the year 2040. Methods: Prevalence data from 245 articles involving 2,699,627 persons were used with a hierarchical Bayesian approach to forecast the prevalence of NAFLD through 2040. Subgroup analyses were performed for age, gender, presence of metabolic syndrome, region, and smoking status. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for clinical setting and study quality. Results: The forecasted 2040 prevalence was 55.7%, a three-fold increase since 1990 and a 43.2% increase from the 2020 prevalence of 38.9%. The estimated average yearly increase since 2020 was 2.16%. For those aged <50 years and ≥50 years, the 2040 prevalence were not significantly different (56.7% vs. 61.5%, P=0.52). There was a significant difference in 2040 prevalence by sex (males: 60% vs. 50%) but the trend was steeper for females (annual percentage change: 2.5% vs. 1.5%, P=0.025). There was no difference in trends overtime by region (P=0.48). The increase rate was significantly higher in those without metabolic syndrome (3.8% vs. 0.84%, P=0.003) and smokers (1.4% vs. 1.1%, P=0.011). There was no difference by clinical/community setting (P=0.491) or study quality (P=0.85). Conclusions: By 2040, over half the adult population is forecasted to have NAFLD. The largest increases are expected to occur in women, smokers, and those without metabolic syndrome. Intensified efforts are needed to raise awareness of NAFLD and to determine long-term solutions addressing the driving factors of the disease.

Global incidence of adverse clinical events in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Michael H. Le,David M. Le,Thomas C. Baez,Hansen Dang,Vy H. Nguyen,KeeSeok Lee,Christopher D. Stave,Takanori Ito,Yuankai Wu,Yee Hui Yeo,Fanpu Ji,Ramsey Cheung,Mindie H. Nguyen 대한간학회 2024 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.30 No.2

Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a multitude of adverse outcomes. We aimed to estimate the pooled incidence of NAFLD-related adverse events. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of adults with NAFLD to evaluate the pooled incidence of adverse events. Results: 19,406 articles were screened, 409 full-text articles reviewed, and 79 eligible studies (1,377,466 persons) were included. Mean age was 51.47 years and body mass index 28.90 kg/m2. Baseline comorbidities included metabolic syndrome (41.73%), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (16.83%), cirrhosis (21.97%), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (58.85%). Incidence rate per 1,000 person-years for mortality included: all-cause (14.6), CVD-related (4.53), non-liver cancer-related (4.53), and liver-related (3.10). Incidence for liver-related events included overall (24.3), fibrosis progression (49.0), cirrhosis (10.9), liver transplant (12.0), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (3.39). Incidence for non-liver events included metabolic syndrome (25.4), hypertension (25.8), dyslipidemia (26.4), diabetes (19.0), CVD (24.77), renal impairment (30.3), depression/anxiety (29.1), and non-liver cancer (10.5). Biopsy-proven NASH had higher incidence of HCC (P=0.043) compared to non-NASH. Higher rates of CVD and mortality were observed in North America and Europe, hypertension and non-liver cancer in North America, and HCC in Western Pacific/Southeast Asia (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed by sex. Time-period analyses showed decreasing rates of cardiovascular and non-liver cancer mortality and increasing rates of decompensated cirrhosis (P<0.05). Conclusions: People with NAFLD have high incidence of liver and non-liver adverse clinical events, varying by NASH, geographic region, and time-period, but not sex.

Outcomes of Shoulder Arthroplasty Performed for Postinfectious Arthritis

Eric Michael Padegimas,Thema A Nicholson,Stephen Silva,Matthew L Ramsey,Gerald R Williams,Mark D Lazarus,Surena Namdari 대한정형외과학회 2018 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.10 No.3

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes, infection rate, and complications associated with shoulder arthroplasty for sequelae of prior septic arthritis. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 17 patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty for sequelae of septic arthritis. Patients were analyzed for patient-reported outcomes, complications, and reoperations. Results: The 17 patients in this cohort were an average age of 65.4 ± 12.2 years old, were 58.8% male, and had an average body mass index of 27.9 ± 4.1 kg/m2. These patients underwent 14 reverse shoulder arthroplasties (RSAs; 11 after antibiotic spacer placement), one anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty after antibiotic spacer placement, and two hemiarthroplasties (both after antibiotic spacer placement). Two patients underwent reoperation (dislocated RSAs). There were four complications (23.5%): two RSA dislocations, one acromial stress fracture, and one atraumatic rotator cuff tear after hemiarthroplasty. There were no cases of postoperative wound complications or infection. At an average of 4.1 ± 1.8 years of follow-up for all 17 of 17 cases, the average visual analogue scale pain score was 4.6 ± 2.3, average Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation Score was 59.3 ± 23.7, average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score was 57.6 ± 15.5, and average Simple Shoulder Test was 6.9 ± 2.6 based on “yes” responses. Conclusions: Shoulder arthroplasty after septic arthritis had inconsistent functional outcomes and high complication rates but no reinfection.

Effects of carbon surface area on performance of lithium sulfur battery cathodes

Donald A. Dornbusch,Ramsey Hilton,Michael J. Gordon,Galen J. Suppes 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.6

The effect of carbon surface area on capacity is investigated in cathodes for lithium sulfur batteries. Carbon additives help overcome the low electrical conductivity of sulfur. Cathodes were prepared at 30 wt% sulfur on different activated carbons having unloaded BET surface areas of 1200–3200 m2/g. Sulfur utilization ranged from 33% to 83% of the theoretical capacity (1672 mAh/g) with a strong correlation to the accessible pore volumes having pore widths between 1 and 5 nm. Additionally,cathodes prepared at 12.5–68 wt% on an activated carbon having unloaded BET surface area of 3200 m2/g showed excessive sulfur loading provided little additional capacity.

Standard model with a complex scalar singlet: Cosmological implications and theoretical considerations

Chiang, Cheng-Wei,Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J.,Senaha, Eibun American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review D Vol.97 No.1

<P>We analyze the theoretical and phenomenological considerations for the electroweak phase transition and dark matter in an extension of the standard model with a complex scalar singlet (cxSM). In contrast with earlier studies, we use a renormalization group improved scalar potential and treat its thermal history in a gauge-invariant manner. We find that the parameter space consistent with a strong first-order electroweak phase transition (SFOEWPT) and present dark matter phenomenological constraints is significantly restricted compared to results of a conventional, gauge-noninvariant analysis. In the simplest variant of the cxSM, recent LUX data and a SFOEWPT require a dark matter mass close to half the mass of the standard model-like Higgs boson. We also comment on various caveats regarding the perturbative treatment of the phase transition dynamics.</P>

Outcomes of Bilateral Shoulder Arthroplasties: A Comparison of Bilateral Total Shoulder Arthroplasties and Bilateral Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasties

Ryan Matthew Cox,Tyler James Brolin,Eric Michael Padegimas,Mark David Lazarus,Charles Lonnie Getz,Matthew Lee Ramsey,Gerald Ross Williams,Joseph Albert Abboud 대한정형외과학회 2019 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.11 No.3

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of patients who underwent bilateral total shoulder arthroplasties (TSAs) for osteoarthritis (OA) versus bilateral reverse shoulder arthroplasties (RSAs) for cuff tear arthropathy (CTA). Methods: Inclusion criteria were patients who underwent bilateral TSAs for OA or bilateral RSAs for CTA with at least 2 years of follow-up. Twenty-six TSA patients (52 shoulders) were matched 2 to 1 with 13 RSA patients (26 shoulders) by sex, age at first surgery, and time between surgeries. Outcomes measured were shoulder range of motion (ROM), complications, and patient-reported scores. Results: Preoperatively, TSA patients had significantly better forward elevation (FE) of both shoulders than RSA patients (dominant side [Dom]: 103° ± 32° vs. 81° ± 31°, p = 0.047; nondominant side [non-Dom]: 111° ± 28° vs. 70° ± 42°, p = 0.005) without significant differences in external (ER) or internal rotation (IR). Postoperatively, TSA patients had significantly better FE (Dom and non-Dom: 156° ± 12°, 156° ± 14° vs. 134° ± 24°, 137° ± 23°; p = 0.006, p = 0.019) and ER (42° ± 11°, 43° ± 10° vs. 24° ± 12°, 25° ± 10°; p < 0.001, p < 0.001) bilaterally and IR of their dominant arm (L1 vs. L4, p = 0.045). TSA patients had significantly better activities of daily living external and internal rotations (ADLEIR) scores (Dom and non-Dom: 35.3 ± 1.0, 35.5 ± 0.9 vs. 32.1 ± 2.4, 32.5 ± 2.2; p = 0.001, p = 0.001), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (94.2 ± 8.4, 94.2 ± 8.2 vs. 84.7 ± 10.0, 84.5 ± 8.0; p = 0.015, p = 0.004), and Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE) scores (93.5 ± 7.6, 93.8 ± 11.8 vs. 80.5 ± 14.2, 82.3 ± 13.1; p = 0.014, p = 0.025), with no significant difference in visual analog scale pain scores (0.4 ± 1.0, 0.3 ± 1.0 vs. 0.7 ± 1.3, 0.8 ± 1.2) bilaterally. Conclusions: Overall, patients with bilateral TSAs and RSAs exhibited improved ROM and patient-reported outcomes. Those with bilateral TSAs had better functional outcomes than those with bilateral RSAs.

Molecular orbitals in 3D

Sergey SUBACH,Simon WEIß,Daniel LUFTNER,Thomas ULES,Eva Maria REINISCH,Hendrik KASER,Alexander GOTTWALD,Mathias RICHTER,Georg KOLLER,Michael RAMSEY,Peter PUSCHNIG,Stefan TAUTZ 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.8

Development of a conductivity-based photothermal absorbance detection microchip using polyelectrolytic gel electrodes

Chun, Honggu,Dennis, Patty J.,Ferguson Welch, Erin R.,Alarie, Jean Pierre,Jorgenson, James W.,Ramsey, J. Michael Elsevier 2017 Journal of chromatography Vol.1523 No.-

<P>The development and application of polyelectrolytic gel electrodes (PGEs) for a microfluidic photothermal absorbance detection system is described. The PGEs are used to measure changes in conductivity based on heat generation by analytes absorbing light and changing the solution viscosity. The PGEs are suitable for direct contact conductivity measurements since they do not degrade with exposure to high electric fields. Both a 2-electrode system with DC voltages and a 3-electrode system with AC voltages were investigated. Experimental factors including excitation voltage, excitation frequency, laser modulation frequency, laser power, and path length were tested. The limits of detection for the 3-electrode and 2-electrode systems are 500 nM and 0.55 nM for DABSYL-tagged glucosamine, respectively. In addition, an electrokinetic separation of a potassium, DABSYL-tagged glucosamine, Rhodamine 6G, and Rhodamine B mixture was demonstrated. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>