Error Tolerant Video Transmission using FEC and Multi-level Coding

Martyn J. Riley,Iain E. G. Richardson 대한전자공학회 1994 대한전자공학회 Proceedings Vol.1994 No.-

Building capacity for ecological assessment using diatoms in UK rivers

Martyn Kelly 한국생태학회 2013 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.36 No.1

Diatoms have become an integral part of the UK’s freshwater monitoring strategy over the past two decades, mostly in response to increasingly stringent European Union (EU) legislation. The use of diatoms is based on strong correlations between diatom assemblages and environmental variables, and from knowledge of the “expected” (= “reference”) state of each river. The nationwide overview of the ecological health of rivers this gives allows those stretches of rivers which fail to meet EU criteria to be identified. This, in turn, allows appropriate remediation measures to be planned. Because diatom assemblages vary in space and time, even within a single water body, effective use of diatoms requires a consistent approach in order to minimise uncertainty. This includes the use of methods which comply with European Standards,a training and accreditation scheme for analysts, and a suite of quality assurance methods. Those aspects of uncertainty that cannot be readily controlled have been quantified and all estimates of ecological status are accompanied by the appropriate “confidence of class” and “risk of misclassification”. This, in turn, helps planners prioritise those locations which are most likely to benefit from remediation.

Error Tolerant Video Transmission using FEC and Multi-level Coding

Riley, Martyn J.,Irichardson, ain E. G. 대한전자공학회 1994 ISPACS:Intelligent Signal Processing and Communica Vol.1 No.1

Emerging communication networks based on the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)' are designed to support the transport of real-time compressed video traffic. At times of congestion, buffer overflow can occur, and cells are lost. Compressed video traffic is extremely sensitive to data loss. Recently Forward Error Correction (FEt) has been suggested as a means of recovering ATM cell loss during the transmission of compressed video. We investigate rodeo compressed using two different operating modes of the JPEG International Standard. We consider the base-line and the Progressive Spectral Selection (PSS) mode of the JPEG standard. The PSS JPEG algorithm allows video to be compressed into a number of separate spatial frequency bands or scans, each scan consisting of a different sequence of coded Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients. We have shown' that each scan exhibits a different tolerance to cell loss. Therefore, we add varying amounts of FEC parity information to each of the scans depending on their sensitivity to cell loss. We compare the PSS JPEG algorithm, with varying quantities of FEC on each scan, to the base-Line JPEG algorithm, with a constant amount of FEC added across all spatial frequencies. We perform an experiment to transmit a number of coded video sequences resulting from real traffic streams through a simple simulated ATM network which introduces a high level of cell loss. We re-animate the received traffic streams and perform subjective quality evaluation.

The Dichotomy between Marketing and Design

Dr. Martyn Evans,Younjoon Lee 한국디자인학회 2013 디자인학연구 Vol.26 No.1

Upward Flame Spread for Fire Risk Classification of High-Rise Buildings

McLaggan, Martyn S.,Gupta, Vinny,Hidalgo, Juan P.,Torero, Jose L. Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2021 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.10 No.4

External fire spread has the potential to breach vertical compartmentation and violate the fire safety strategy of a building. The traditional design solution to this has been the use of non-combustible materials and spandrel panels but recent audits show that combustible materials are widespread and included in highly complex systems. Furthermore, most jurisdictions no longer require detailing of spandrel panels under many different circumstances. These buildings require rapid investigation using rational scientific methods to be able to adequately classify the fire risk. In this work, we use an extensive experimental campaign of material-scale data to explore the critical parameters driving upward flame spread. Two criteria are outlined using two different approaches. The first evaluates the time to ignition and the time to burnout to assess the ability for a fire to spread, and can be easily determined using traditional means. The second evaluates the preheated flame length as the critical parameter driving flame spread. A wide range of cladding materials are ranked according to these criteria to show their potential propensity to flame spread. From this, designers can use conservative approaches to perform fire risk assessments for buildings with combustible materials or can be used to aid decision-making. Precise estimates of flame spread rates within complex façade systems are not achievable with the current level of knowledge and will require a substantial amount of work to make progress.

Building capacity for ecological assessment using diatoms in UK rivers

Kelly, Martyn The Ecological Society of Korea 2013 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.36 No.1

Diatoms have become an integral part of the UK's freshwater monitoring strategy over the past two decades, mostly in response to increasingly stringent European Union (EU) legislation. The use of diatoms is based on strong correlations between diatom assemblages and environmental variables, and from knowledge of the "expected" (= "reference") state of each river. The nationwide overview of the ecological health of rivers this gives allows those stretches of rivers which fail to meet EU criteria to be identified. This, in turn, allows appropriate remediation measures to be planned. Because diatom assemblages vary in space and time, even within a single water body, effective use of diatoms requires a consistent approach in order to minimise uncertainty. This includes the use of methods which comply with European Standards, a training and accreditation scheme for analysts, and a suite of quality assurance methods. Those aspects of uncertainty that cannot be readily controlled have been quantified and all estimates of ecological status are accompanied by the appropriate "confidence of class" and "risk of misclassification". This, in turn, helps planners prioritise those locations which are most likely to benefit from remediation.

Models of State Clusterisation Management, Marketing and Labour Market Management in Conditions of Globalization, Risk of Bankruptcy and Services Market Development

Prokopenko, Oleksii,Martyn, Olga,Bilyk, Olha,Vivcharuk, Olga,Zos-Kior, Mykola,Hnatenko, Iryna International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.12

The article defines the problems of forming the models of government regulation of clustering, marketing management and labor market in the context of globalization, business bankruptcy risk and services market development. The clustering models based on the optimal partner network cooperation were proposed in order to ensure the strategic development of territories, to attract budget leading enterprises and to support small businesses. A descriptive model of government regulation of clustering, marketing management and labor market in the context of globalization, business bankruptcy risk and Covid-19 was determined.

Does the quality of orthodontic studies influence their Altmetric Attention Score?

Thamer Alsaif,Nikolaos Pandis,Martyn T. Cobourne,Jadbinder Seehra 대한치과교정학회 2023 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.53 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether an association between study quality, other study characteristics, and Altmetric Attention Scores (AASs) existed in orthodontic studies. Methods: The Scopus database was searched to identify orthodontic studies published between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. Articles that satisfied the eligibility criteria were included in this study. Study characteristics, including study quality were extracted and entered into a pre-pilot data collection sheet. Descriptive statistics were calculated. On an exploratory basis, random forest and gradient boosting machine learning algorithms were used to examine the influence of article characteristics on AAS. Results: In total, 586 studies with an AAS were analyzed. Overall, the mean AAS of the samples was 5. Twitter was the most popular social media platform for publicizing studies, accounting for 53.7%. In terms of study quality, only 19.1% of the studies were rated as having a high level of quality, with 41.8% of the studies deemed moderate quality. The type of social media platform, number of citations, impact factor, and study type were among the most influential characteristics of AAS in both models. In contrast, study quality was one of the least influential characteristics on the AAS. Conclusions: Social media platforms contributed the most to the AAS for orthodontic studies, whereas study quality had little impact on the AAS.

Mentolabial angle and aesthetics: a quantitative investigation of idealized and normative values

Naini, Farhad B.,Cobourne, Martyn T.,Garagiola, Umberto,McDonald, Fraser,Wertheim, David Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2017 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.39 No.-

Background: This study is a quantitative evaluation of the influence of the mentolabial angle on perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for surgery. Methods: The mentolabial angle of an idealized silhouette male Caucasian profile image was altered incrementally between $84^{\circ}$ and $162^{\circ}$. Images were rated on a Likert scale by pretreatment orthognathic patients (n = 75), lay people (n = 75) and clinicians (n = 35). Results: A mentolabial angle of approximately $107^{\circ}$ to $118^{\circ}$ was deemed the most attractive, with a range of up to $140^{\circ}$ deemed acceptable. Angles above or below this range were perceived as unattractive, and anything outside the range of below $98^{\circ}$ or above $162^{\circ}$ was deemed very unattractive. A deep mentolabial angle ($84^{\circ}$) or an almost flat angle ($162^{\circ}$) was deemed the least attractive. In terms of threshold values of desire for surgery, for all groups, a threshold value of ${\geq}162^{\circ}$ and ${\leq}84^{\circ}$ indicated a preference for surgery, although clinicians were least likely to suggest surgery. The clinician group was the most consistent, and for many of the images, there was some variation in agreement between clinicians and lay people as to whether surgery is required. There was even more variability in the assessments for the patient group. Conclusions: It is recommended that in orthognathic and genioplasty planning, the range of normal variability of the mentolabial angle, in terms of observer acceptance, is taken into account as well as threshold values of desire for surgery. The importance of using patients as observers in attractiveness research is stressed.

Experimental and numerical analysis of mixed mode I/III fracture of sandstone using three point bending specimens

Yifan Li,Shiming Dong,Martyn J. Pavier 국제구조공학회 2020 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.76 No.6

In this work the mixed mode I/III fracture of sandstone has been studied experimentally and numerically. The experimental work used three-point bending specimens containing pre-existing cracks, machined at various inclination angles so as to achieve varying proportions of mode I to mode III loading. Dimensionless stress intensity factors were calculated using the extended finite element method (XFEM) for and compared with existing results from literature calculated using conventional finite element method. A total of 28 samples were used to conduct the fracture test with 4 specimens for each of 7 different inclination angles. The fracture load and the geometry of the fracture surface were obtained for different mode mixities. Prediction of the fracture loads and the geometry of the fracture surface were made using XFEM coupled with a cohesive zone model (CZM) and showed a good comparison with the experimental results.