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Ballast Mechanical Performance with and without Under Sleeper Pads
Yunlong Guo,Jianxi Wang,Valeri Markine,Guoqing Jing 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.11
With the train speed and axle load increasing, excessive stresses are produced and transmitted to the ballast layer, inducing rapid ballast degradation. To solve this issue, the under sleeper pads (USPs) have been widely applied between sleepers and ballast particles as the elastic layer. In this research, laboratory tests using half-sleeper track were carried out to study the ballast bed performance with or without the USPs under static and cyclic loading. Results show that applying the USPs reduces the track stiffness and can decrease the settlement. However, installing the USPs increases the ballast bed acceleration and the sleeper vertical acceleration. The contact areas of sleeper-ballast with USPs are over 5 times as those without USPs. The USPs assist reducing ballast degradation mainly by avoiding the ballast particle breakage at the sleeper-ballast interface and can increase the stress distribution at the longitudinal direction.
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Irreversible field-induced magnetic phase transitions and properties of Ho<sub>3</sub>Co
Baranov, N V,Goto, T,Hilscher, G,Markin, P E,Michor, H,Mushnikov, N V,Park, J-G,Yermakov, A A IOP Pub 2005 Journal of physics, an Institute of Physics journa Vol.17 No.21
<P>The results of magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, electrical resistivity and specific heat measurements performed on Ho<SUB>3</SUB>Co single crystals show that this compound exhibits two different antiferromagnetic structures: AF<SUB>II</SUB> at 8 K<<I>T</I>< 22 K and AF<SUB>I</SUB> below <I>T</I><SUB>t</SUB>≈8 K. Below the Néel temperature <I>T</I><SUB>N</SUB> = 22 K the application of a magnetic field along the main crystallographic directions induces magnetic phase transitions which are accompanied by giant magnetoresistance. At <I>T</I><<I>T</I><SUB>t</SUB> the field-induced phase transitions along the <B><I>c</I></B>- and <B><I>b</I></B>-axes are found to be irreversible, and a small ferromagnetic component is observed along the <B><I>a</I></B>-axis. These peculiarities are associated with the non-Kramers character of the Ho ion and with the presence of a complex incommensurate magnetic structure of Ho<SUB>3</SUB>Co below <I>T</I><SUB>N</SUB>. The temperature coefficient of the electrical resistivity for Ho<SUB>3</SUB>Co above <I>T</I><SUB>N</SUB> over a wide temperature range is found to differ from that observed for other R<SUB>3</SUB>Co compounds. Such a behaviour is attributed to the presence of an additional contribution to the conduction electron scattering by spin fluctuations induced by f–d exchange in the itinerant d-electron subsystem. The value of this extra contribution and its temperature range is suggested to depend on the spin value of the R ion. The excess of the effective magnetic moment per R ion, which is observed in Ho<SUB>3</SUB>Co and in other R<SUB>3</SUB>M type compounds, is also attributed to spin fluctuations induced by f–d exchange.</P>
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박소진,( Manju Rani ),( Rekha Devi ),( Sanjeev Markin ) 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
Experimentally measured data of various thermophysical properties of possible mixtures containing oxygenates and components of gasoline such as alkanes, aromatics over a wide temperature range, is very helpful for formulation of environmental friendly fuel, petrochemical additives. In this work, Density and refractive indices of the binary and ternary liquid mixtures of diisopropyl ether, benzene and n-hexane were experimentally measured from 298.15 K to 318.15 K over the entire composition range. Excess molar volume and deviation in refractive index of binary and ternary mixtures were fitted to the Redlich-Kister equation and the Singh equation respectively. The excess volume data of binary and ternary mixtures have also been interpreted using Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory. Various mixing rules were used for theoretical determination of refractive indices of the binary and ternary mixtures. Temperature effects were also studied in terms of molecular interactions.
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Monitoring of the Content of Imidazoline-Containing Corrosion Inhibitor
( P. A. Zadorozhny ),( S. V. Sukhoverkhov ),( A. N. Markin ),( K. I. Savin ),( N. A. Prokuda ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2017 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.4
The qualitative composition of active components of the corrosion inhibitor CGW-85567 was studied. It was found that С18:2 and С18:1 imidazolines and the corresponding imidazolin-amides are the major components. The HPLC/MS technique was developed for their determination in the water solutions of monoethylene glycol (MEG). Industrial application of the inhibitor showed that MEG solution retained high concentration of the inhibitor for a long time after ceasing its addition into pipelines. Low values of the partition coefficients (0.010-0.014) of imidazolines in the system “water solution of MEG (concentration of MEG 62-85% v/v) - gas condensate” have allowed to pass on from the technology of continuous pumping of the inhibitor into protected pipelines to the periodic dosing technology. Taking into account a long time of circulation in the system and high temperatures during MEG regeneration process possible degradation products of the inhibitor were studied. N, N-dimethyl-dodecanamine-1, and N, N-dimethyl-tetradecanamine-1 were identified as major degradation products of the corrosion inhibitor CGW-85567.
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