http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Nancy S. Marder,김도훈 法務部 商事法務課 2006 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.36
陪審制度에 새롭고 혁명적인 進展이 있다. 바로 사이버배심제의 출현이 그 진전인데, 이는 당사자들로 하여금 사이버스페이스에서 陪審員으로서 서비스하고자 하는 모든 사람에게 이를 가능하도록 해 준다. 이러한 사이버배심제의 출현과 더불어, 陪審制度가 이러한 논의의 일부가 되어야 할 때이다. 하지만 새로운 기술이 현행 실무를 어떻게 변화시킬지에 대한 예측이 어렵고, 기술은 끊임없이 발전하기 때문에 그 논의를 시작하는 것이 어렵다. 그럼에도 불구하고 논의는 시작되어야 한다. 사이버배심제에 중점을 둔 중심 목적은 첫째, 나는 사이버배심제가 미국의 설립 이래로 미국 전통의 일부분으로 존재해 온 영속적 제도인 傳統的 陪審에 대한 새로운 관점을 제시할 수 있다고 믿는다. 둘째, 나는 사이버배심제와 傳統的 陪審制 사이에 동적인 관계가 있다고 생각 한다. 다시말해 사이버배심제는 오랫동안 변화에 저항해 온 제도에 개선책을 제시함으로 傳統的 陪審制를 변화시킬 수 있고, 傳統的 陪審制는 주의 깊게 세워져온 制度的 保護手段을 사이버배심제에 통합하여 사이버배심제의 구조에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것이다. 사이버배심제에 관한 다음의 개요를 따라 사이버배심제의 장단점을 개별적으로 고찰할 것이다. 사이버배심제에 의해 해결된 문제와 야기된 문제는 어떤 觀點을 취하느냐에 따라 달라지므로 당사자, 사이버배심원, 사회의 관점에서 각각 이를 검토할 것이다. 또한 사이버배심제와 傳統的 陪審制의 관계를 동적으로 고찰하고자 한다. 사이버배심원이 되는 것은 傳統的 陪審員이 되는 것에 대한 개인의 예상을 바꿀 수 있고, 그 반대도 가능하다. 傳統的 陪審員들이 좀 더 편리하게 傳統的 陪審 서비스를 수행하도록 웹을 이용한다든지, 이들이 陪審員으로서 좀 더 적적적인 역할을 할 수 있도록 하는 사이버스페이스로부터의 빙법들을 채택하는 것을 포함하여 法院이 사이버배심제로부터 배울 수 있는 교훈이 많이 존재한다. 또한 현재 사이버배심제에 부족한 制度的 保護手段의 추가를 포함하여 웹상의 法廷이 傳統的 陪審制로부터 배울 수 있는 교훈 역시 존재한다. 사이버배심제와 傳統的 陪審制는 서로를 구체화시킬 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 사이버배심제가 현재 초보적인 형태임에도 불구하고 傳統的 陪審의 特性을 정하는 것과 관련하여 중요한 교훈을 준다. 수세기의 보호수단을 가진 傳統的 陪審制는 공정하고 민주적으로 받아들여질 수 있는 제도를 구축하는 방법에 대해 중요한 교훈을 가르쳐 준다. 사아이버배심제는 수세기 동안 傅統的 陪審制가 극복할 수 없었던 몇 가지 문제점들을 해결해 주었고, 이와 관련하여 傅統的 陪審制에서는 논의할 필요가 없었던 새로운 몇 가지 문제점들을 만들어 내었다. 그렇지만 사이버배심제가 좀 더 傳統的 陪審制처럼 보이도록 개선이 이루어진다 하더라도 곧 傳統的 陪審制를 대체할 것 같아 보이지는 않는다. 傳統的 陪審制이 유지되고 傳統的 陪審과 사이버배심이 서로를 발전시킬 것이라는 것이 내 예상이다.
Amy Yau,Ben Marder 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7
Through the theoretical lens of self-concept and by conducting 27 in-depth interviews, the study shows that social media provides an arena for the development, negotiation and maintenance of home and host identity self-schemas, as well reducing negative emotional effects. However due to simultaneous online surveillance from multiple agents, maintaining disparate expectations is found to result in social anxiety and the practice of self-regulation.
조수진,Nikolaos Scarmeas,장태원,Karen Marder,Ming-Xin Tang,Lawrence S. Honig 대한의학회 2011 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.26 No.3
The coexistence of cerebral infarcts and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is common, but the influence of symptomatic cerebral infarcts on cognition is uncertain in AD. We hypothesize that symptomatic cerebral infarcts may provide an additive cognitive factor contributing to dementia in the AD population. We studied 1,001 clinically probable or possible AD patients in the Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC) database. Linear regression was used to evaluate for an association between symptomatic cerebral infarcts and memory,language, executive function, abstract reasoning, and visuospatial performance,separately. Models were adjusted for covariates including age, gender, education,ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, clinical dementia rating, the presence of silent cerebral infarcts, and multiplicity or location of infarcts. Clinical history of stroke was present in 107 patients, radiological infarcts in 308 patients, and 68 patients with both were considered to have symptomatic infarcts. Adjusting for all covariates, AD patients with symptomatic infarcts had more impairment of executive function (P < 0.05). The influence of cerebral infarcts is neither general nor diffuse, and the presence of clinical history may have a more important influence on executive performance in AD.
Gwon, Donghyeon,Hwang, Heejun,Kim, Hye Kyung,Marder, Seth R.,Chang, Sukbok WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2015 Chemistry Vol.21 No.48
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Described herein is the development of practical routes to 8‐aminoquinolines by using readily installable and easily deprotectable amidating reagents. Two scalable procedures were optimized under Rh<SUP>III</SUP>‐catalyzed conditions: i) the use of pre‐generated chlorocarbamates and ii) a two‐step one‐pot process that directly employs carbamates. Both approaches are highly convenient for the gram‐scale synthesis of 8‐aminoquinolines under mild conditions. Facile deprotection of the synthetically versatile amidating groups was achieved under the Pd‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation conditions with simultaneous deoxygenation of quinoline <I>N</I>‐oxides, thus yielding 8‐aminoquinolines in excellent overall efficiency.</P>
Nam, Sungho,Hahm, Suk Gyu,Khim, Dongyoon,Kim, Hwajeong,Sajoto, Tissa,Ree, Moonhor,Marder, Seth R.,Anthopoulos, Thomas D.,Bradley, Donal D. C.,Kim, Youngkyoo American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.15
<P>Three triple bond-conjugated naphthalene diimide (NDI) copolymers, poly{[<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-bis(2-R<SUB>1</SUB>)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-<I>alt</I>-[(2,5-bis(2-R<SUB>2</SUB>)-1,4-phenylene)bis(ethyn-2,1-diyl)]} (PNDIR<SUB>1</SUB>-R<SUB>2</SUB>), were synthesized via Sonogashira coupling polymerization with varying alkyl side chains at the nitrogen atoms of the imide ring and 2,5-positions of the 1,4-diethynylbenzene moiety. Considering their identical polymer backbone structures, the side chains were found to have a strong influence on the surface morphology/nanostructure, thus playing a critical role in charge-transporting properties of the three NDI-based copolymers. Among the polymers, the one with an octyldodecyl (OD) chain at the nitrogen atoms of imide ring and a hexadecyloxy (HO) chain at the 2,5-positions of 1,4-diethynylbenzene, P(NDIOD-HO), exhibited the highest electron mobility of 0.016 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>, as compared to NDI-based copolymers with an ethylhexyl chain at the 2,5-positions of 1,4-diethynylbenzene. The enhanced charge mobility in the P(NDIOD-HO) layers is attributed to the well-aligned nano-fiber-like surface morphology and highly ordered packing structure with a dominant edge-on orientation, thus enabling efficient in-plane charge transport. Our results on the molecular structure-charge transport property relationship in these materials may provide an insight into novel design of n-type conjugated polymers for applications in the organic electronics of the future.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Song, Seulki,Hill, Rebecca,Choi, Kyoungwon,Wojciechowski, Konrad,Barlow, Stephen,Leisen, Johannes,Snaith, Henry J.,Marder, Seth R.,Park, Taiho unknown 2018 Nano energy Vol.49 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report flexible planar perovskite solar cells with robust electron-transport layers (ETLs) processed at low temperature. A poly(allylamine) (PAA; 0.08 wt%) solution was deposited on a C<SUB>60</SUB> layer and heated at 150 °C for 60 s, resulting in the formation of an insoluble robust C<SUB>60</SUB>–PAA electron-transport layer (ETL) on the flexible substrate. The flexible planar perovskite solar cell with the C<SUB>60</SUB>–PAA ETL exhibited excellent properties with 83% efficiency retention (η = 15.2% without hysteresis) after 600 cycles of bending. This performance is superior to that of the flexible device with a C<SUB>60</SUB> ETL fabricated without the use of PAA (65% efficiency retention; η = 9.8% with some hysteresis).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A modified fullerene-based electron transport layer is proposed for stable flexible perovskite device. </LI> <LI> A poly(allylamine) (PAA; 0.08 wt%) solution was deposited on a C<SUB>60</SUB> layer to form a C<SUB>60</SUB>-PAA. </LI> <LI> C<SUB>60</SUB>–PAA electron-transport layer (ETL) is insoluble in perovskite precursor solution. </LI> <LI> Flexible planar perovskite solar cell with the C<SUB>60</SUB>–PAA ETL exhibited excellent properties with 83% efficiency retention. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
High‐Performance n‐Channel Thin‐Film Field‐Effect Transistors Based on a Nanowire‐Forming Polymer
Hahm, Suk Gyu,Rho, Yecheol,Jung, Jungwoon,Kim, Se Hyun,Sajoto, Tissa,Kim, Felix S.,Barlow, Stephen,Park, Chan Eon,Jenekhe, Samson A.,Marder, Seth R.,Ree, Moonhor WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced functional materials Vol.23 No.16
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A new electrontransport polymer, poly{[<I>N,N′</I>‐dioctylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐bis(dicarboximide)‐1,7(6)‐diyl]‐<I>alt</I>‐[(2,5‐bis(2‐ethyl‐hexyl)‐1,4‐phenylene)bis(ethyn‐2,1‐diyl]} (PDIC8‐EB), is synthesized. In chloroform, the polymer undergoes self‐assembly, forming a nanowire suspension. The nanowire's optical and electrochemical properties, morphological structure, and field‐effect transistor (FET) characteristics are investigated. Thin films fabricated from a PDIC8‐EB nanowire suspension are composed of ordered nanowires and ordered and amorphous non‐nanowire phases, whereas films prepared from a homogeneous PDIC8‐EB solution consist of only the ordered and amorphous non‐nanowire phases. X‐ray scattering experiments suggest that in both nanowires and ordered phases, the PDIC8 units are laterally stacked in an edge‐on manner with respect to the film plane, with full interdigitation of the octyl chains, and with the polymer backbones preferentially oriented within the film plane. The ordering and orientations are significantly enhanced through thermal annealing at 200 °C under inert conditions. The polymer film with high degree of structural ordering and strong orientation yields a high electron mobility (0.10 ± 0.05 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>), with a high on/off ratio (3.7 × 10<SUP>6</SUP>), a low threshold voltage (8 V), and negligible hysteresis (0.5 V). This study demonstrates that the polymer in the nanowire suspension provides a suitable material for fabricating the active layers of high‐performance n‐channel FET devices via a solution coating process.</P>