The role of risk perception, risk communication, and demographic factors in COVID-19 preventive behaviors: an online survey in Iran

Mansour Rezaei,Nader Rajabi Gilan,Ali Almasi,Mehdi Khezeli,Fatemeh Jamshidi Nazar,Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari,Yahya Salimi,Farid Najafi,Neda Sarabi,Shahram Saeidi,Saeid Saeidi 질병관리본부 2022 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.13 No.4

Objectives: This study investigated preventive behaviors toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related factors in a Kurdish Iranian sample.Methods: This online survey was conducted among the population aged 18 and above in Kermanshah Province, in western Iran, in April 2020. Samples were invited and recruited through social media. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 4 sections (questions on demographic variables, risk perception, risk communication, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors) and analyzed using Stata ver. 8.Results: The Pearson correlation test showed that risk communication was significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors (r=0.320, p<0.01). In the final model, where the explanatory power increased with the entry of the risk communication variable, the variables explained a total of 14% of variance in COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Sex (β=−0.482), risk perception (β=0.047), and risk communication (β=0.662) were significant determinants.Conclusion: Risk communication and risk perception related to COVID-19, as well as being a woman, were determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.

Numerical Evaluation of Gamma Radiation Monitoring

Mohsen Rezaei,Mansour Ashoor,Leila Sarkhosh 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.3

Airborne Gamma Ray Spectrometry (AGRS) with its important applications such as gathering radiationinformation of ground surface, geochemistry measuring of the abundance of Potassium, Thorium andUranium in outer earth layer, environmental and nuclear site surveillance has a key role in the field ofnuclear science and human life. The BroydeneFletchereGoldfarbeShanno (BFGS), with its advancednumerical unconstrained nonlinear optimization in collaboration with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)provides a noteworthy opportunity for modern AGRS. In this study a new AGRS system empowered byANN-BFGS has been proposed and evaluated on available empirical AGRS data. To that effect differentarchitectures of adaptive ANN-BFGS were implemented for a sort of published experimental AGRSoutputs. The selected approach among of various training methods, with its low iteration cost and nondiagonalscaling allocation is a new powerful algorithm for AGRS data due to its inherent stochasticproperties. Experiments were performed by different architectures and trainings, the selected schemeachieved the smallest number of epochs, the minimum Mean Square Error (MSE) and the maximumperformance in compare with different types of optimization strategies and algorithms. The proposedmethod is capable to be implemented on a cost effective and minimum electronic equipment to presentits real-time process, which will let it to be used on board a light Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Theadvanced adaptation properties and models of neural network, the training of stochastic process and itsimplementation on DSP outstands an affordable, reliable and low cost AGRS design. The main outcome ofthe study shows this method increases the quality of curvature information of AGRS data while cost ofthe algorithm is reduced in each iteration so the proposed ANN-BFGS is a trustworthy appropriate modelfor Gamma-ray data reconstruction and analysis based on advanced novel artificial intelligence systems

Hypertension and coronary artery ectasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis study

Bahremand Mostafa,Zereshki Ehsan,Matin Behzad Karami,Rezaei Mansour,Omrani Hamidreza 대한고혈압학회 2021 Clinical Hypertension Vol.27 No.4

Background: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is characterized by the enlargement of a coronary artery to 1.5 times or more than other non-ectasia parts of the vessel. It is important to investigate the association of different factors and CAE because there are controversial results between available studies. We perform this systematic review and metaanalysis to evaluate the effects of hypertension (HTN) on CAE. Methods: To find the potentially relevant records, the electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were searched on 25 July 2019 by two of the authors independently. In the present study, the pooled odds ratio (OR) accompanied by 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by a random-effects model. Heterogeneity presented with the I2 index. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis by the Jackknife approach was performed. Results: Forty studies with 3,263 cases and 7,784 controls that investigated the association between HTN and CAE were included. The pooled unadjusted OR of CAE in subjects with HTN in comparison by subjects without HTN was estimated 1.44 (95 % CI, 1.24 to 1.68) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 41 %, Cochran’s Q P = 0.004). There was no evidence of publication bias in the analysis of HTN and CAE with Egger’s test (P = 0.171), Begg’s test (P = 0.179). Nine articles reported the adjusted effect of HTN on CAE by 624 cases and 628 controls. The findings indicated the overall adjusted OR was 1.03 (95 % CI, 0.80 to 1.25) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 58.5 %, Cochran’s Q P = 0.013). Conclusions: We found that when the vessel was in normal condition, HTN was not very effective in increasing the chance of CAE and only increased the CAE chance by 3 %. This is an important issue and a warning to people who have multiple risk factors together. More studies need to be performed to further establish these associations by reported adjusted effects.

Dietary Diversity Score and Its Related Factors among Employees of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

( Seyed Mostafa Nachvak ),( Hadi Abdollahzad ),( Roghayeh Mostafai ),( Shima Moradi ),( Yahya Pasdar ),( Mansour Rezaei ),( Soudabeh Esksndari ) 한국임상영양학회 2017 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.6 No.4

Dietary diversity score (DDS) is known as an indicator of food quality. Dietary diversity can promote health status. The aim of this study was determined DDS and its related factors in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) employees. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 employees of KUMS in 2015. According to the population of KUMS centers which were selected randomly (Paramedical, Public Health faculties, Imam Reza Hospital and province health center), subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate DDS. Foods were divided into 5 main groups: grains, vegetables, fruits, meat, and dairy products. The main groups had 23 subgroups. Total DDS divided to 4 quartiles: less than 3.0, 3.0-5.5, 5.6-8.5, and more than 8.5. Anthropometric parameters including: weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, χ² test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with SPSS 20 software (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA). The mean ± standard deviation of DDS and body mass index (BMI) were 5.68 ± 1.73 and 25.1 ± 3.42 kg/㎡, respectively. The average of the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in men and women was 0.92 ± 0.04 and 0.86 ± 0.06, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between DDS and self-reported economic status (p < 0.022). No significant difference was observed between DDS and BMI or WC. However, significant negative correlation was observed between DDS and WHR in men (p < 0.019). This study showed that DDS had a negative correlation with the WHR. Therefore, dietary diversity may improve health status by effect on fat distribution in body.

Comparison of 3 Nutritional Questionnaires to Determine Energy Intake Accuracy in Iranian Adults

( Shima Moradi ),( Yahya Pasdar ),( Behrooz Hamzeh ),( Farid Najafi ),( Seyed Mostafa Nachvak ),( Roghayeh Mostafai ),( Parisa Niazi ),( Mansour Rezaei ) 한국임상영양학회 2018 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.7 No.3

A precision instrument is required to assess the nutritional status. This study was conducted on comparison of 3 nutritional questionnaires to determine energy intake (EI) accuracy in adults in Ravansar Non-Communicable Chronic Disease (RaNCD) cohort study. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 118 of participant's RaNCD. EI was evaluated with 3 questionnaires including food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), 24-hours recall (24HR), and food habits questionnaire (FHQ). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured using indirect calorimetry. We used EI/RMR cut off to evaluate EI reporting status. The mean ± standard deviation of age in men and women were 44.1 ± 6.5 and 43.7 ± 5.25 respectively and 50.8% of participants were men. Among 3 EI estimating questionnaires, FFQ was more accurate than 2 other questionnaires (67.8%). We observed that implausible reporters of 24HR were likely overweight (p < 0.005) but we did not observe a significant difference between EI reporting of FFQ and FHQ with participants' body composition. Our finding showed that EI underreporting of 24HR and FHQ were high. Under reporters were seemed to be overweight. Therefore, these results suggested that among 3 nutritional questionnaires the FFQ was an appropriate approach to determine EI in this population due to plausible EI reporting was higher than 2 other nutritional questionnaires (24HR and FHQ).

Anthropometric Indices from Primary to High School in the West of Iran: Epidemiologic Trends

( Badrieh Sahargahi ),( Hadi Abdollahzad ),( Jalal Moludi ),( Seyed Mostafa Nachvak ),( Yahya Pasdar ),( Mohammad Reza Naderi ),( Mansour Rezaei ) 한국임상영양학회 2018 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.7 No.3

Examining the trend of anthropometric indices in children and adolescents in each region can be highly beneficial in providing effective strategies to improve the status of their growth. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the trend of anthropometric indices in students from primary to high school in the west of Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and health certificates for anthropometric information of primary school students, and current anthropometric measurements with scale for high school students. Then, all of the data were analyzed in AnthroPlus and SPSS software. Of the 731 students, 350 were female and 381 were male. Mean height Z-score to age showed a significant reduction from primary to high school (from +0.0386 to -0.27416), and mean body mass index Z-score to age showed a significant increase (from -0.3916 to +0.1826). Prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity in high school was 1.4 and 2.5 times higher than primary school, respectively, but the prevalence of wasting reduced by 2.3 fold. Girls were more affected by the increased trend of obesity and stunting compared to boys. Nutritional transition was evident in students. Healthcare policy-makers should design and implement a comprehensive health strategy to deal with this situation, especially in girls.