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Optical description of HfO2/Al/HfO2 multilayer thin film devices
M. Ramzan,A.M. Rana,E. Ahmed,A.S. Bhatti,M. Hafeez,A. Ali,M.Y. Nadeem 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.12
A three-layer system of dielectric/metal/dielectric (D/M/D) has been prepared on Marienfeld commercial glass substrates with Metal ¼ Al, and Dielectric ¼ HfO2 for energy efficient windows applications. Subsequently, HfO2/Al/HfO2 multilayers have been deposited with 10 nm each HfO2 layer and 5 nm thick Al layer using electron beam evaporation. The microstructural characteristics of D/M/D thin films have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Present results indicate the formation of HfO2 weak polycrystals embedded in the disordered lattice. AFM data reveals quite a smooth surface involving a structure of slightly elongated grains with almost Gaussian size distribution with mean grain size in the range from 7 to 23 nm. Regarding optical properties, maximum transmittance of the D/M/D structure is noticed to occur in the UV-region, whereas reflectance rises to ~60% in the visible to near infrared (NIR)-regions. To optimize the performance of these D/M/D devices, computer calculations have been performed by varying either the thickness of both HfO2 layers and/or thickness of metallic Al layer. A satisfactory agreement between theoretical and experimental spectra is noticed. Such D/M/D structures can be useful in heat mirror applications involving energy efficient windows etc.
Ramzan, M.,Bilal, M.,Chung, J.D. Elsevier 2016 Journal of molecular liquids Vol.223 No.-
<P>The present exploration discusses two dimensional incompressible third grade-fluid flow under the influence of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux and homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. Effects of magneto hydrodynamic and convective boundary condition are also taken into account. Boundary layer approach is engaged to obtain system of partial differential equations. Appropriate transformations are betrothed to transmute partial differential equations with high non-linearity to nonlinear differential equations. Renowned Homotopy Analysis method is summoned to find analytical solution of all involved distributions. Consequences of pertinent emerging parameters on related profiles are portrayed and relevant discussion is added with special focus on their physical aspects. It is observed that homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions depict conflicting behavior on Concentration distribution. It is also noted that increasing values of thermal relaxation parameter diminishes temperature field. A comparison to previous exploration is also added to validate our results. (c) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
GROWTH PATTERN AND BLOOD PICTURE OF BEETAL AND BARBARI GOATS
Ramzan, M.,Gill, R.A.,Hanjra, S.H.,Ahmed, Z.,Nadeem, M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1988 Animal Bioscience Vol.1 No.3
A comparative growth trial involving 12 Beetal and 12 Barbari kids was conducted for 120 days. The kids were allowed to suckle their dams and also offered ad libitum green fodder and concentrate at 2% of their liveweight. Beetal kids attained higher (P<.01) weight, consumed more (P<.01) milk, green fodder and concentrate, and utilized protein efficiently as compared to Barbari kids. However, variation due to sex was non-significant. Blood glucose, protein and cholesterol levels increased (P<.01) with increasing age irrespective of sex and breed.
Ramzan, M.,Bilal, M.,Chung, Jae Dong Elsevier 2017 International journal of mechanical sciences Vol.131 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A mathematical model is established to discuss the flow of magneto Jeffrey nanofluid with heat generation/absorption and thermal radiation past an inclined stretched cylinder. Effects of thermal and concentration stratification are also taken into account. Analytical solution of the problem is obtained using Homotopy analysis method. Graphical illustrations depicting effects of prominent arising parameters on involved profiles with requisite discussion are also presented. Further, numerical data representing Skin friction, heat and mass transfer rates are also given in the form of table. A comparison in limiting case to previous study is also added to verify our results. It is found that temperature and concentration distributions are decreasing functions of thermal and solutal stratification parameters respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Flow of thermal and solutal stratification on Jeffrey nanofluid is studied. </LI> <LI> Effects of mixed convection and thermal radiation are also considered. </LI> <LI> Temperature field is decreasing function of thermal and solutal stratification. </LI> <LI> Analytical solution is obtained using Homotopy analysis method. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Ramzan, M.,Chung, J.D.,Ullah, N. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 International journal of mechanical sciences Vol.130 No.-
This study investigates the heat and mass transfer of nanofluid with motile gyrotactic microorganisms. The study is explored under the response of non-linear thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects. The slip and convective convective boundary conditions are also taken into account. The coupled partial differential equations are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformations. The differential equations are solved numerically by using Maple dsolve command with option numeric which utilize Runge-Kutta fourth-fifth order Fehlberg technique. A comparison to the previous study is also included to validate the present results. The evaluations are carried out for sundry parameters on flow, heat transfer and motile density of microorganisms. It is observed that the motile density of microorganisms shows a decreasing behavior for growing values of bioconvection lewis number and Peclet number.