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Sini Toivonen,Miia Lehtinen,Peter Raivio,Juha Sinisalo,Antti Loimaala,Valtteri Uusitalo 대한핵의학회 2023 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.57 No.3
Purpose We evaluated the residual vascular and adipose tissue inflammation in patients with chronic coronary artery disease(CAD) using positron emission tomography (PET). Methods Our study population consisted of 98 patients with known CAD and 94 control subjects who had undergone18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET due to non-cardiac reasons. Aortic root and vena cava superior 18F-FDG uptakewere measured to obtain the aortic root target-to-background ratio (TBR). In addition, adipose tissue PET measurementswere done in pericoronary, epicardial, subcutaneous, and thoracic adipose tissue. Adipose tissue TBR was calculated usingthe left atrium as a reference region. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or as median (interquartile range). Results The aortic root TBR was higher in CAD patients compared to control subjects, 1.68 (1.55–1.81) vs. 1.53 (1.43–1.64),p < 0.001. Subcutaneous adipose tissue uptake was elevated in CAD patients 0.30 (0.24–0.35) vs. 0.27 (0.23–0.31), p < 0.001. Metabolic activity of CAD patients and control subjects was comparable in the pericoronary (0.81 ± 0.18 vs. 0.80 ± 0.16,p = 0.59), epicardial (0.53 ± 0.21 vs. 0.51 ± 0.18, p = 0.38) and thoracic (0.31 ± 0.12 vs. 0.28 ± 0.12, p = 0.21) adipose tissueregions. Aortic root or adipose tissue 18F-FDG uptake was not associated with the common CAD risk factors, coronarycalcium score, or aortic calcium score (p value > 0.05). Conclusion Patients with a chronic CAD had a higher aortic root and subcutaneous adipose tissue 18F-FDG uptake comparedto control patients, which suggests residual inflammatory risk.
Tungsrithong, Naowarat,Kasinpila, Chananya,Maneenin, Chanwit,Namujju, Proscovia B.,Lehtinen, Matti,Anttila, Ahti,Promthet, Supannee Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3
Cervical cancer continues to be an important public health problem in Thailand. While the high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been established as the principle causative agent of both malignancies and the precursor lesions, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), other factors may also be involved like other sexually transmitted diseases, as well as smoking. Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular Gramnegative bacterium which has a tendency to cause chronic infection featuring inflammation and therefore might be expected to increase the risk of cervical cancer. In the present nested case-control study, 61 cases of cervical cancer and 288 matched controls with original serum samples were identified from the Khon Kaen Cohort, established in the North-East of Thailand, by linkage to the Khon Kaen population based cancer registry. C. trachomatis specific IgG antibodies at recruitment were measured by microimmunofluorescence and assessed for association with cervical cancer using STATA release10. No significant link was noted either with all cancers or after removal of adenocarcinomas. The results suggest no association between Chlamydia infection and cervical cancer development in North-East Thailand, but possible influencing factors must be considered in any future research on this topic.
Freedman, Barry I,Bowden, Donald W,Ziegler, Julie T,Langefeld, Carl D,Lehtinen, Allison B,Rudock, Megan E,Lenchik, Leon,Hruska, Keith A,Register, Thomas C,Carr, J Jeffrey Mary Ann Liebert, Inc 2009 Journal of bone and mineral research Vol.24 No.10
<P>Inverse relationships have been observed between BMD and vascular calcification (VC), suggesting an underlying metabolic pathway linking these processes. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potential candidate genes that may mediate this relationship. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BMP2 gene, 2 SNPs in BMP4, and 16 SNPs in BMP7 were tested for association with measures of VC using CT (coronary and carotid arteries, abdominal aorta), and BMD was measured using DXA (lumbar spine, hip, and distal radius) and quantitative CT (QCT; thoracic and lumbar spine) in 920 European Americans from 374 Diabetes Heart Study families: 762 with type 2 diabetes. Variance components quantitative trait locus association analysis was computed using SOLAR software, and a bivariate principal component analysis (PCA) assessed for genetic relationships between BMD and VC. Association was observed between several measures of BMD and BMP7 rs17404303 (thoracic spine QCT p = 0.03; lumbar spine QCT p = 0.02; hip DXA p = 0.06, dominant models). In addition, 6 of 16 BMP7 SNPs showed significant and opposing effects on the bivariate PCA for VC and BMD (two-sided exact test, p = 0.0143). Polymorphisms in BMP7 are associated with inverse relationships between bone mineralization and VC in the coronary, carotid, and abdominal aorta in a diabetes-enriched cohort of European Americans.</P>
Megan E. Rudock,Amanda. J. Cox,Julie T. Ziegler,Allison B. Lehtinen,Jessica J. Connelly,Barry I. Freedman,J. Jeffrey Carr,Elizabeth R. Hauser,Benjamin D. Horne,Donald W. Bowden 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.5
All manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are substantially more common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in non-diabetic individuals. The current study evaluated KALRN, a gene previously linked to CVD, as a contributor to CVD in a sample enriched for T2DM. Specifically,the potential modifying effect of cigarette smoking was examined. A total of 28 SNPs in KALRN were genotyped in 1001 European Americans from 369 Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) families, as well as 762 population-based controls. The association between each SNP and both qualitative and quantitative CVD disease phenotypes was determined using generalized estimating equations and variance component models,respectively. Selected KALRN SNPs were found to be associated with both the qualitative (T2DM, CVD, metabolic syndrome)and quantitative traits (C-reactive protein and abdominal aortic calcified plaque). Interaction analysis and stratification were then used to test whether smoking modulates the genetic effects of KALRN. The strongest evidence of a modifying effect of smoking status was observed for rs9289231 and intima-media thickness (p=9.0x10^(-4)) and abdominal aortic calcified plaque (p=3.0x10^(-4)). Overall, following stratification by smoking status, the evidence of association with quantitative traits was more pronounced in smokers compared to non-smokers. The strongest association for smokers was between rs1720960 and abdominal aortic calcified plaque (p=2.6x10^(-5)), while in non-smokers there was no observed association. KALRN variants are associated with measures of CVD and T2DM in the DHS sample with smoking status observed to have a significant modifying effect on these associations.
Mattila, K.,Haas, M.,Haikala, L. K.,Jo, Y-S.,Lehtinen, K.,Leinert, Ch.,Vä,isä,nen, P. Springer-Verlag 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.617 No.-
<P><I>Context.</I> Dark nebulae display a surface brightness because dust grains scatter light of the general interstellar radiation field (ISRF). High-galactic-latitudes dark nebulae are seen as bright nebulae when surrounded by transparent areas which have less scattered light from the general galactic dust layer.</P><P><I>Aims.</I> Photometry of the bright dark nebulae LDN 1780, LDN 1642, and LBN 406 shall be used to derive scattering properties of dust and to investigate the presence of UV fluorescence emission by molecular hydrogen and the extended red emission (ERE).</P><P><I>Methods.</I> We used multi-wavelength optical photometry and imaging at ground-based telescopes and archival imaging and spectroscopic UV data from the spaceborn GALEX and SPEAR/FIMS instruments. In the analysis we used Monte Carlo RT and both observational data and synthetic models for the ISRF in the solar neighbourhood. The line-of-sight extinctions through the clouds have been determined using near infrared excesses of background stars and the 200/250 <I>μ</I>m far infrared emission by dust as measured using the ISO and <I>Herschel</I> space observatories.</P><P><I>Results.</I> The optical surface brightness of the three target clouds can be explained in terms of scattered light. The dust albedo ranges from ~0.58 at 3500 Å to ~0.72 at 7500 Å. The spectral energy distribution of LDN 1780 is explained in terms of optical depth and background scattered light effects instead of the original published suggestion in terms of ERE. The far-ultraviolet surface brightness of LDN 1780 cannot be explained by scattered light only. In LDN 1780, H2 fluorescent emission in the wavelength range 1400-1700 Å has been detected and analysed.</P><P><I>Conclusions.</I> Our albedo values are in good agreement with the predictions of the dust model of Weingartner and Draine and with the THEMIS CMM model for evolved core-mantle grains. The distribution of H2 fluorescent emission in LDN 1780 shows a pronounced dichotomy with a strong preference for its southern side where enhanced illumination is impinging from the Sco OB2 association and the O star <I>ζ</I> Oph. A good correlation is found between the H2 fluorescence and a previously mapped 21-cm excess emission. The H2 fluorescence emission in LDN 1780 has been modelled using a PDR code; the resulting values for H2 column density and the total gas density are consistent with the estimates derived from CO observations and optical extinction along the line of sight.</P>
The variability of magnetic activity in solar‐type stars
Fabbian, D.,Simoniello, R.,Collet, R.,Criscuoli, S.,Korhonen, H.,Krivova, N. A.,Olá,h, K.,Jouve, L.,Solanki, S. K.,Alvarado‐,Gó,mez, J. D.,Booth, R.,Garcí,a, R. A.,Lehtinen, J. WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA 2017 Astronomische Nachrichten Vol.338 No.7
<P>This article reviews the current knowledge and status of investigations on the variable magnetic activity of cool stars. We discuss the Sun in the context of solar‐type stars, highlighting peculiarities and common features in terms of its magnetic activity and variability over different time scales. We examine how both theory and observations are providing new clues about the main physical processes that generate magnetic fields in the interior of cool stars, as well as about those that lead to evolving stellar surface magnetism and varying chromospheric and coronal phenomena. We then proceed to discuss the relations between stellar age, rotation, and activity throughout the evolution of cool stars. Finally, we touch upon the importance of understanding stellar magnetism also in view of its effect on planetary environments.</P>