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Analysis of Soil Total Nitrogen and Inorganic Nitrogen Content for Evaluating Nitrogen Dynamics
Seul-Bi Lee,Jwa-Kyung Sung,Ye-Jin Lee,Jung-Eun Lim,Yo-Sung Song,Deog-Bae Lee,Suk-Young Hong 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.2
Various methods for assessing soil total nitrogen (TN) and inorganic N content have been developed to manage nutrient and to understand N cycle in soil. This paper address the technical procedures in arable soil samples to conduct soil sampling, sample preparation, and measuring total N and inorganic N. Among various methods for measuring soil total nitrogen contents, Kjeldahl distillation and Indophenol blue method have widely used due to reliability and economic advances. Also, two methods can analyze more samples at the same time compared with other nitrogen measuring methods. For evaluating inorganic N content, mainly in forms of nitrate-N (NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>-N) and ammonium-N (NH₄<SUP>+</SUP>-N), extraction with a single reagent such as 2M KCl has been employed, followed by Kjeldahl distillation or indophenol blue methods.
Analysis of Soil Total Nitrogen and Inorganic Nitrogen Content for Evaluating Nitrogen Dynamics
Lee, Seul-Bi,Sung, Jwa-Kyung,Lee, Ye-Jin,Lim, Jung-Eun,Song, Yo-Sung,Lee, Deog-Bae,Hong, Suk-Young 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.2
Various methods for assessing soil total nitrogen (TN) and inorganic N content have been developed to manage nutrient and to understand N cycle in soil. This paper address the technical procedures in arable soil samples to conduct soil sampling, sample preparation, and measuring total N and inorganic N. Among various methods for measuring soil total nitrogen contents, Kjeldahl distillation and Indophenol blue method have widely used due to reliability and economic advances. Also, two methods can analyze more samples at the same time compared with other nitrogen measuring methods. For evaluating inorganic N content, mainly in forms of nitrate-N ($NO_3{^-}-N$) and ammonium-N ($NH_4{^+}-N$), extraction with a single reagent such as 2M KCl has been employed, followed by Kjeldahl distillation or indophenol blue methods.
Yield and Free Sugar Contents of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) depending on Nitrogen Levels
Lee, Ye-Jin,Sung, Jwa-Kyung,Lee, Seul-Bi,Lim, Jung-Eun,Song, Yo-Sung,Lee, Deog-Bae 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6
Excessive nitrogen fertilization influences crop yields and quality as well as environmental pollution. In this study, yields, nitrogen use efficiency and free sugar contents of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) were evaluated at different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 5 levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200%) based on the conventional fertilization ($N=230kg\;ha^{-1}$), and phosphate and potassium fertilizer were treated by conventional P and K fertilization ($P_2O_5-K_2O=140-210kg\;ha^{-1}$) in all plots. The root yields of burdock were the highest in N 100~150% treatment plots. Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen recovery decreased from over N 150% treatment. Nitrogen uptake of root was greater than that of shoot in N 50~200% treatments. Fructose contents in root were inversely proportional to the level of nitrogen fertilization. As considering nitrogen recovery and root quality, economical burdock yield was obtained in N $230kg\;ha^{-1}$.
Lee, Ye-Jin,Sung, Jwa-Kyung,Lee, Seul-Bi,Lim, Jung-Eun,Song, Yo-Sung,Lee, Deog-Bae 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.4
The objectives of fertilizer recommendation are to prevent the application of excessive fertilization and to produce target yields. Also, optimal fertilization is important because crop quality can be influenced by fertilization. In this study, yields and fertilizer use efficiency of Taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) were evaluated in different level of NPK fertilization. N, P and K fertilizer application rates were 5 levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200%) by practical fertilization ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=180-100-150kg\;ha^{-1}$), respectively. In the N treatment, the yields of Taro tuber were about $33Mg\;ha^{-1}$ from 90 to $360kg\;ha^{-1}$ N fertilization. However, the ratio of tuber to total biomass decreased with increasing N fertilization rate. In the P and K treatments, yields of Taro tuber were the highest at $150kg\;ha^{-1}$ fertilization. Fertilizer use efficiency was decreased by increase of N and K fertilization. Crude protein of Taro tuber was the highest at practical fertilization. Sucrose content of tuber was influenced by phosphate application.
Growth Stage-Based Fertigation Guideline for Greenhouse Spring Chinese Cabbage
Seul-Bi Lee,Yang-Min Kim,Ye-Jin Lee,Yo-Sung Song,Deog-Bae Lee,Jwakyung Sung 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4
With increasing fertigation, the precise fertigation schedule by crop growth stage has been consistently required as a guideline for stable crop production. The aim of this study is to develop the fertigation guideline for spring cabbage. To achieve this goal, we firstly investigated the nutrient uptake pattern of Chinese cabbage, which grown in pots filled with sandy loam soil in a greenhouse from April to June in 2018, and determined optimal nutrient (N, P and K) supply by growth stages. Based on soil NO₃-N based recommendation, nitrogen (N) supply was divided into 4 levels (0.5N, 0.75N, 1.0N and 1.5N). Soil NO₃-N concentrations somewhat differed from growth stages, and 1.5N represented the highest level. Chinese cabbage showed linear growth patterns and there was no clearly significant difference in growth and nutrient uptake by N supply levels except for 0.5N treatment. The relative growth (expressed as a dry weight) of Chinese cabbage occupied 60% and 40% of total accumulated growth (average of 0.75 and 1.0N) at 40 and 60 days, respectively. Mineral uptake (N, P, K) of Chinese cabbage by growth stages showed a linear pattern in general. N was taken up 54% and 46% of total uptake, P uptake 56% and 44%, and K uptake 59% and 41% at 40 and 60 days, respectively. Conclusively, we carefully suggest that the fertigation guideline for Chinese cabbage could save fertilizer supply through daily nutrient demand and target yield, and thus alleviate the problems in relation to nutrient accumulation in greenhouse soils.
Song, Seul Ji,Park, Taehyung,Yoon, Kyung Jean,Yoon, Jung Ho,Kwon, Dae Eun,Noh, Wontae,Lansalot-Matras, Clement,Gatineau, Satoko,Lee, Han-Koo,Gautam, Sanjeev,Cho, Deok-Yong,Lee, Sang Woon,Hwang, Cheol American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.1
<P>The growth characteristics of Ta2O5 thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were examined using Ta((NBu)-Bu-t)(NEt2)3 (TBTDET) and Ta((NBu)-Bu-t)(NEt2)(2)Cp (TBDETCp) as Ta-precursors, where tBu, Et, and Cp represent tert-butyl, ethyl, and cyclopentadienyl groups, respectively, along with water vapor as oxygen source. The grown Ta2O5 films were amorphous with very smooth surface morphology for both the Ta-precursors. The saturated ALD growth rates of Ta2O5 films were 0.77 angstrom cycle(-1) at 250 degrees C and 0.67 angstrom cycle(-1) at 300 degrees C using TBTDET and TBDETCp precursors, respectively. The thermal decomposition of the amido ligand (NEt2) limited the ALD process temperature below 275 degrees C for TBTDET precursor. However, the ALD temperature window could be extended up to 325 degrees C due to a strong Ta-Cp bond for the TBDETCp precursor. Because of the improved thermal stability of TBDETCp precursor, excellent nonuniformity of similar to 2% in 200 mm wafer could be achieved with a step coverage of similar to 90% in a deep hole structure (aspect ratio 5:1) which is promising for 3-dimensional architecture to form high density memories. Nonetheless, a rather high concentration (similar to 7 at. %) of carbon impurities was incorporated into the Ta2O5 film using TBDETCp, which was possibly due to readsorption of dissociated ligands as small organic molecules in the growth of Ta2O5 film by ALD. Despite the presence of high carbon concentration which might be an origin of large leakage current under electric fields, the Ta2O5 film using TBDETCp showed a promising resistive switching performance with an endurance cycle as high as similar to 17?500 for resistance switching random access memory application. The optical refractive index of the deposited Ta2O5 films was 2.1-2.2 at 632.8 nm using both the Ta-precursors, and indirect optical band gap was estimated to be similar to 4.1 eV for both the cases.</P>
Seul-Bi Lee,Yang-Min Kim,Ye-Jin Lee,Yo-Sung Song,Cheol-Hyun Ryu,Deog-Bae Lee,Chan-Wook Lee,Chang-Hoon Lee,Jwakyung Sung 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4
Given continuous needs for a public duty of agriculture and rural area, an effort to improve nutrient management in agricultural sector is strongly required. As a measure to solve these problems, Korean government (MAFRA) introduced the promotion policy called as “Agro-Environment Conservation Program (AECP)” in 2018 and has expanded 5 projet sites in 2019 from 3 in 2018. The program has a variety of agricultural activity to conserve soil, water, air, ecology and landscape. Of those, the nutrient input activity which is one of sub-activities is closely involved in not only crop productivity but also water quality and air pollution. Therefore, in order to lead a soft landing of AECP, it is essential to evaluate the conservation effects in a scientific point of view. In this respect, we focused on evaluating the effect of recommended nutrient input activities, standard fertilization and soil test fertilization, on rice productivity and nitrogen balance. The effect of nutrient management which is explained by rice yield and nitrogen balance was estimated with the combination of soil characteristics and rice varieties. Rice yield by recommended fertilization was 654 kg per 10a, 6% lower than control, but there was no statistical significance. By contrast, nitrogen balance was 4.7 kg lower, which means great improvement, in the recommended than the control. Conclusively, the recommended fertilization like soil test fertilization is expected to be useful as a measure to reduce nutrient balance, to ensure crop productivity, and finally to perform a public role of agriculture.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in zoo animal species in Korea
Song, Young-Jo,Kim, Bo-Sook,Park, Woo-Jung,Park, Byung-Joo,Lee, Seul-Kee,Shin, Jong-Il,Lee, Nak-Hyung,Lee, Joong-Bok,Park, Seung-Yong,Song, Chang-Seon,Seo, Kun-Ho,Choi, In-Soo The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2013 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.53 No.1
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can infect not only human but also several animals. This study has been conducted to evaluate the comprehensive anti-HEV seroprevalence in zoo animals in Korea. Anti-HEV antibodies were identified in 14 of 64 zoo animal species. HEV antibodies were detected for the first time in Eurasian Lynx, Setland Pony, Fallow Deer, Ezo Sika, Formosa Deer, East Wapitis, Barasingha, Corriedale, American Bison, Guanacos, Reticulated Giraffe, and Saanen. These results indicate that the several zoo animal species were exposed to HEV.
ACURATE: a Guide for Reporting Sham Controls in Trials Using Acupuncture
Lee Ye-Seul,Kim Song-Yi,Lee Hyangsook,Chae Younbyoung,Lee Myeong Soo 사단법인약침학회 2023 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.16 No.3
This paper presents the Acupuncture Controls gUideline for Reporting humAn Trials and Experiments (ACURATE) checklist, an extension of The Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials (CONSORT), which is to be used with STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) when real and sham acupuncture needles are used in a study. This checklist focuses on a clear depiction of sham needling procedures to enhance replicability and enable a precise appraisal. We encourage researchers to use ACURATE in trials and reviews involving sham acupuncture to assist in the reporting of sham acupuncture procedures and related components.