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Bhavya, P. Sadanandan,Lee, Jang Han,Lee, Ho Won,Kang, Jae Joong,Lee, Jae Hyung,Lee, Dabin,An, So Hyun,Stockwell, Dean A.,Whitledge, Terry E.,Lee, Sang Heon Copernicus GmbH 2018 Biogeosciences Vol.15 No.18
<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Carbon and nitrogen uptake rates by small phytoplankton (0.7-5<span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>µ</span>m) in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian seas in the Arctic Ocean were quantified using in situ isotope labeling experiments; this research, which was novel and part of the NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System) program, took place from 21 August to 22 September 2013. The depth-integrated carbon (C), nitrate (<span class='inline-formula'><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' id='M2' display='inline' overflow='scroll' dspmath='mathml'><mrow class='chem'><msubsup><mi mathvariant='normal'>NO</mi><mn mathvariant='normal'>3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='25pt' height='16pt' class='svg-formula' dspmath='mathimg' md5hash='4c315b3ea451cf26923ad12993612b33'><svg:image xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' xlink:href='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00001.svg' width='25pt' height='16pt' src='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00001.png'/></svg:svg></span></span>), and ammonium (<span class='inline-formula'><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' id='M3' display='inline' overflow='scroll' dspmath='mathml'><mrow class='chem'><msubsup><mi mathvariant='normal'>NH</mi><mn mathvariant='normal'>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24pt' height='15pt' class='svg-formula' dspmath='mathimg' md5hash='f83a9f1907f38a5589c34b239e10518b'><svg:image xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' xlink:href='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00002.svg' width='24pt' height='15pt' src='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00002.png'/></svg:svg></span></span>) uptake rates by small phytoplankton ranged from 0.54 to 15.96<span class='thinspace'></span>mg<span class='thinspace'></span>C<span class='thinspace'></span>m<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−2</sup></span><span class='thinspace'></span>h<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span>, 0.05 to 1.02<span class='thinspace'></span>mg<span class='thinspace'></span>C<span class='thinspace'></span>m<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−2</sup></span><span class='thinspace'></span>h<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span>, and 0.11 to 3.73<span class='thinspace'></span>mg<span class='thinspace'></span>N<span class='thinspace'></span>m<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−2</sup></span><span class='thinspace'></span>h<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span>, respectively. The contributions of small phytoplankton towards the total C, <span class='inline-formula'><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' id='M10' display='inline' overflow='scroll' dspmath='mathml'><mrow class='chem'><msubsup><mi mathvariant='normal'>NO</mi><mn mathvariant='normal'>3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='25pt' height='16pt' class='svg-formula' dspmath='mathimg' md5hash='dd23f13eb24280cbe650be4567ce8571'><svg:image xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' xlink:href='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00003.svg' width='25pt' height='16pt' src='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00003.png'/></svg:svg></span></span>, and <span class='inline-formula'><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' id='M11' display='inline' overflow='scroll' dspmath='mathml'><mrow class='chem'><msubsup><mi mathvariant='normal'>NH</mi><mn mathvariant='normal'>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24pt' height='15pt' class='svg-formula' dspmath='mathimg' md5hash='8cff18dc7544e09830abea500d71300b'><svg:image xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' xlink:href='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00004.svg' width='24pt' height='15pt' src='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00004.png'/></svg:svg></span></span> varied from 25<span class='thinspace'></span>% to 89<span class='thinspace'></span>%, 31<span class='thinspace'></span>% to 89<span class='thinspace'></span
Lee, Sebok,Park, Terry,Lee, Jaebeom,Pang, Yoonsoo American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.17 No.4
<P>Dye molecules attached to TiO2 nanoparticles have been of a great interest in the applications including dye-sensitized solar cells. In this paper, TiO2 nanoparticle sensitized with a natural photosynthetic dye, 8'-apo-beta-caroten-8'-oic acid (ACOA) was investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Ultrafast excited state dynamics of ACOA and electron injection and recombination dynamics between dye molecules and TiO2 nanoparticles were compared by changing the excitation wavelength between 403 and 480 nm. Ultrafast electron injection into TiO2 nanoparticles with quantum yields of 0.33 was observed for both excitation wavelengths.</P>
Lee, Hae Rim,Koo, Bon-Sang,Kim, Jong-Taek,Kim, Heung-Chul,Kim, Myung-Soon,Klein, Terry A.,Shin, Man-Seok,Lee, Sanghun,Jeon, Eun-Ok,Min, Kyung-Cheol,Lee, Seung Baek,Bae, Yeonji,Mo, In-Pil Wildlife Disease Association 2017 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.53 No.4
<P>A total of 600 wild birds were analyzed for the causes of mortality in the Republic of Korea (ROK) from 2011 to 2013. Avian poxvirus (APV) infections were identified as the primary cause of mortality in 39% (29/74) Oriental Turtle Doves (Streptopelia orientalis). At necropsy, all 29 S. orientalis birds, of which, 76% (22/29) were juveniles, had severe diphtheritic lesions in their oral and nasal cavities and on their eyelids, which were the lesions of APV that resulted in mortality. We detected APV infection by chorioallantoic membrane inoculation and molecular study of the partial region of the P4b gene. All isolates belonged to the same APV strain and were identical to strains isolated from several different pigeon species in South Africa. Phylogenetically, the APV strain identified in S. orientalis belonged to subclade A2, which includes isolates from several species of pigeons from different parts of the world, including the United Kingdom, Germany, India, Egypt, Hawaii, Georgia, Hungary, South Africa, Tanzania, and the ROK. This identity indicated that this diphtheritic APV strain may be a potential pathogen of other pigeon species in the ROK and neighboring countries throughout the range of S. orientalis. However, reticuloendotheliosis virus insertion into the APV genome was not detected by PCR in any of the 29 APV infections. An identical strain of APV observed in S. orientalis was also detected in Culicoides arakawae (biting midge), with annual peak populations corresponding to the presence of APV in S. orientalis. Culicoides arakawae may be a primary vector of APV in S. orientalis. Active surveillance of APVs in wild birds and C. arakawae is needed to better understand the epidemiology of APVs, host-vector relationships, and its ecological effects on S. orientalis in the ROK.</P>
Jung Lee, Mi,Ik Lee, Jong,Garcia, Daniel,Moutte, Jaques,Terry Williams, C.,Wall, Frances,Kim, Yeadong Geochemical Society of Japan] 2006 Geochemical journal Vol.40 No.1
<P>The phoscorite-carbonatite complex in the Sokli alkaline-carbonatite massif, northern Finland, comprises five stages of intrusions of phoscorites and carbonatites (P1-C1, P2-C2 and P3-C3 for phoscorites and calcite carbonatites;D4 and D5 for dolomite carbonatites). The phoscorites and calcite carbonatites at Sokli usually occur as pairs with the same mineral assemblages. Pyrochlore is found in the majority of rock types in the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, shows wide compositional variation and seems to preserve evolution trends of host rocks. Crystallization of pyrochlore begins from the P2-C2 phoscorite and calcite carbonatite and continues up to the latest D5 dolomite carbonatite. Pyrochlore in the early stage P2-C2 rocks has high U and Ta contents. These elements suddenly decrease from the P3-C3 rocks, on the other hand, Th and Ce contents increase. The compositions of the late generations from the D4 and D5 rocks are close to that of an ideal end-member pyrochlore with formula <TEX>$(Ca,Na)_2Nb_2O_6$</TEX> F. The Nb/Ta ratio and F content of pyrochlore increase from P2-C2 to the latest D5 dolomite carbonatite. The composition and evolutionary history of pyrochlore from the phoscorites are distinguished from those of the associated calcite carbonatites. Pyrochlore from the calcite carbonatites shows larger A-cation deficiencies compared to those from the paired phoscorites. Ta and Zr contents are slightly higher in pyrochlore from the calcite carbonatites, whereas Ti is generally higher in pyrochlore from the associated phoscorites. Moreover, pyrochlore from the phoscorites always shows a longer and more complex crystallization history compared to that of the same stage carbonatites. This indicates that the chemical condition was clearly different in the two systems during the crystallization of pyrochlore. Based on these results, together with the previous mineralogical and geochemical studies on the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, we propose a liquid immiscibility process as the most possible seg-regation mechanism of the two associated rocks. The composition of pyrochlore in the late dolomite carbonatites is dis-tinct and always lies on the evolutional trend of the earlier varieties. This implies that the dolomite carbonatites are the final magmatic products of the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite system.</P>
Teo Hong Lee Terry,Ang Ke Xin Magneline,Loh Sir Young James 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-
Background: This is an experimental study conducted to assess whether the fibular head is a reliable reference point to identify the position of the common peroneal nerve at the posterolateral corner of the knee. Materials and methods: Twelve cadaveric knees were dissected through the lateral approach. The common peroneal nerve was identified and traced. The location where the common peroneal nerve crossed the posterior border of the biceps femoris and the posterior border of the fibular neck were designated as points B and N, respectively. The tip of the fibular head was designated F. Distances FB and FN were measured and the triangular area FBN was calculated at various degrees of knee flexion. Results: During knee motion, distance FN showed minimal change and was not affected by variation in degrees of knee flexion (p = 0.131). Distance FB and distance BN were affected by variation in degrees of knee flexion (p < 0.001). Triangular area FBN increased in size up to 60° of knee flexion measuring 621.22mm2 and subsequently decreased with further knee flexion. Conclusion: The common peroneal nerve can consistently be found at approximately 20.7 ± 1mm on the fibular neck with respect to the tip of the fibular head. The tip of the fibular head is a consistent landmark that can be used to predict the position of the exit point of the common peroneal nerve at the posterolateral corner of the knee.