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Sang Chul Shiim,Chil Hoon Doh,Dong Yub Lee,Jae Goo Shim,Young Zoo Youn,Woo Hyung Park,Li Hong Jiang,Ju Hee Kim Korean Chemical Society 1993 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.14 No.5
Treatment of (dichloromethyl)benzenes with CO (1 atm) in the presence of catalytic amount of $Co_2(CO)_8,\;Fe(CO)_5$ and BTEAC under two phase systems with NaOH(_{aq}) and $PhCH_3$ containing small amount of alcohol for 20 hours at 80$^{\circ}$C gives phenylacetic acids in moderate yields.
Poloxamer 407 Hydrogels for Intravesical Instillation to Mouse Bladder
Sang Hyun Kim,Sung Rae Kim,Ho Yub Yoon,In Ho Chang,Young Mi Whang,Min Ji Cho,Myeong Joo Kim,Soo Yeon Kim,Sang Jin Lee,Young Wook Choi 대한비뇨기종양학회 2017 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.15 No.3
Purpose: Poloxamer 407 (P407) thermo-sensitive hydrogel formulations were developed to enhance the retention time in the urinary bladder after intravesical instillation. Materials and Methods: P407 hydrogels (P407Gels) containing 0.2 w/w% fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FD, MW 4 kDa) as a fluorescent probe were prepared by the cold method with different concentrations of the polymer (20, 25, and 30 w/w%). The gel-forming capacities were characterized in terms of gelation temperature (G-Temp), gelation time (G-Time), and gel duration (G-Dur). Homogenous dispersion of the probe throughout the hydrogel was observed by using fluorescence microscopy. The in vitro bladder simulation model was established to evaluate the retention and drug release properties. P407Gels in the solution state were administered to nude mice via urinary instillation, and the in vivo retention behavior of P407Gels was visualized by using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Results: P407Gels showed a thermo-reversible phase transition at 4°C (refrigerated; sol) and 37°C (body temperature; gel). The G-Temp, G-Time, and G-Dur of FD-free P407Gels were approximately 10°C–20°C, 12–30 seconds, and 12–35 hours, respectively, and were not altered by the addition of FD. Fluorescence imaging showed that FD was spread homogenously in the gelled P407 solution. In a bladder simulation model, even after repeated periodic filling-emptying cycles, the hydrogel formulation displayed excellent retention with continuous release of the probe over 8 hours. The FD release from P407Gels and the erosion of the gel, both of which followed zero-order kinetics, had a linear relationship (r²=0.988). IVIS demonstrated that the intravesical retention time of P407Gels was over 4 hours, which was longer than that of the FD solution (<1 hour), even though periodic urination occurred in the mice. Conclusions: FD release from P407Gels was erosion-controlled. P407Gels represent a promising system to enhance intravesical retention with extended drug delivery.
Sung Yub Jeong,Jin Woo Lee,Sung Hoon Choi,Sung Won Kwon 대한외과학회 2018 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.94 No.6
Purpose: There is no standardized single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) technique in contrast to robot single-site cholecystectomy (RSSC). We tried to implement the array of instruments used in RSSC to SILC. Methods: A series of 108 consecutive patients underwent SILC between September 2014 and July 2017 by 2 surgeons. The indication was benign disease of the gallbladder. The perioperative outcomes were reviewed. We used the 4-channel Glove port and conventional laparoscopic instruments. Results: The study subjects consisted of 29 males and 79 females, and the mean age was 44.4 years (range, 16–70 years). Mean body mass index was 24.1 kg/m2. The mean working time was 25.0 ± 10.7 minutes and total operation time was 44.4 ± 12.4 minutes. There were 7 cases of conversion (additional 1 port in 4 patients, additional 2 ports in 2, and conventional 4 port technique in 1). Bile spillage from the gallbladder during the procedure occurred in 17 (15.7%). There were no postoperative complications. Postoperative hospital stay was 2.0 ± 0.6 days. Conclusion: The alignment of the instruments in a RSSC was successfully implemented into a SILC, so that an equally effective operation was possible.
Lee Sang Yub,Kim Kyung Rae,Commander Clayton 소화기인터벤션의학회 2023 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.12 No.2
Background: Left-sided portal hypertension (LPH) is an uncommon clinical condition resulting from splenic vein stenosis/occlusion, which may cause bleeding from gastric varices. This study reviewed the long-term safety and efficacy of splenic artery embolization for the treatment of gastric varix bleeding secondary to splenic vein thrombosis.Methods: From April 2008 to March 2020, all consecutive patients diagnosed with LPH-associated variceal bleeding who had undergone percutane-ous splenic artery embolization were reviewed retrospectively. Patients’ demographics, etiology of splenic vein thrombosis, embolization level and techniques, adverse events after embolization, and rebleeding rate were reviewed.Results: Twenty-two patients received splenic artery embolization for bleeding gastric varices in the setting of LPH. Three patients who underwent subsequent splenectomy were excluded. Median age was 44.5 years (range: 27–83 years) and 13 were male. Etiologies of splenic vein thrombosis were pancreatitis (n = 9), chronic liver disease (n = 6), and hematologic abnormalities (n = 4). Technical success was achieved in all 19 patients. Em-bolization level and material were as follows: proximal splenic artery coil embolization (n = 9), partial splenic parenchymal embolization with coils or particles (n = 7), and total parenchymal embolization with particles (n = 3). Procedure-related adverse events developed in 2 patients (one pleural effusion and one ileus with leukocytosis). During the median follow-up of 55 months (range, 7–165 months), two rebleeding events occurred 29 and 111 months after initial embolization, and both were successfully treated with repeat splenic artery embolization (n = 1) and transhepatic variceal embolization (n = 1).Conclusion: Splenic artery embolization for variceal bleeding secondary to LPH is safe and feasible. A total of 10.5% patients had delayed rebleeding more than 2 years after the index procedure, and both were successfully managed by repeat splenic artery embolization or transhepatic variceal em-bolization.