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      • Radio frequency-mediated local thermotherapy for destruction of pancreatic tumors using Ni–Au core–shell nanowires

        Hopkins, Xiaoping,Gill, Waqas Amin,Kringel, Rosemarie,Wang, Guankui,Hass, Jamie,Acharya, Suresh,Park, Jungrae,Jeon, In Tak,An, Boo Hyun,Lee, Ji Sung,Ryu, Jong Eun,Hill, Rod,McIlroy, David,Kim, Young K IOP 2017 Nanotechnology Vol.28 No.3

        <P>We present a novel method of radio frequency (RF)-mediated thermotherapy in tumors by remotely heating nickel (Ni)–gold (Au) core–shell nanowires (CSNWs). Ectopic pancreatic tumors were developed in nude mice to evaluate the thermotherapeutic effects on tumor progression. Tumor ablation was produced by RF-mediated thermotherapy via activation of the paramagnetic properties of the Ni–Au CSNWs. Histopathology demonstrated that heat generated by RF irradiation caused significant cellular death with pyknotic nuclei and nuclear fragmentation dispersed throughout the tumors. These preliminary results suggest that thermotherapy ablation induced via RF activation of nanowires provides a potential alternative therapy for cancer treatment.</P>

      • Dynamic Microcontainers as Microvacuums for Collecting Nanomaterials After Clinical Treatments

        Choi, Daniel S.,Park, Jungrae,Ke Xu,Kringel, Rose,Choi, John J.,Jeon, In Tak,Young Keun Kim IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.49 No.7

        <P>We present a feasible method to collect ferromagnetic nanomaterials(FNMs) after clinical utilization by employing ferromagnetic microcontainers (MCs). The cubic MCs with dimensions of 200 micrometers have gold-coated nickel frames and were tethered such a way that they are able to remove FNMs from cells with the use of an external magnetic field. The study has been conducted in two parts: 1) enhancement of the motion of MCs in glass-based microfluidic channels filled with viscous fluids by magnetically-driven spinning MCs, i.e., “dynamic MCs”; 2)sweeping FNMs from the cells using magnetic attractive forces between FNMs and MCs through a “microvacuum”process. Our study shows that spinning MCs can transport better than nonspinning MCs through viscous fluids. We found that approximately 70% of FNMs internalized with human embryonic cells (HEK-293) were removed from the cells by the spinning MCs. Such in-vitro experiments suggest the possibility of resolving the issue of removing FNMs used for clinical treatments from human body after treatments.</P>

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        Ni–Au core–shell nanowires: synthesis, microstructures, biofunctionalization, and the toxicological effects on pancreatic cancer cells

        Jeon, In Tak,Cho, Moon Kyu,Cho, Jin Woo,An, Boo Hyun,Wu, Jun Hua,Kringel, Rosemarie,Choi, Daniel S.,Kim, Young Keun Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.32

        <P>The nickel (Ni)–gold (Au) core–shell nanowires (CSNWs) were synthesized by a combination of electrodeposition and electroless-plating methods. This template based, electroless-plating approach can control the size and shape of nanostructures by adjusting the experimental conditions. The X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and TEM line-scanning and elemental mapping analyses were applied to investigate the formation and microstructure of the core–shell nanostructure. Also using a focused ion beam lift-out technique provides an important route to prove the inner microstructural details of the CSNWs. The optical characterization showed the surface plasmon absorption shifting with electroless-plating time, whereas the magnetic measurements revealed the shape anisotropy and soft ferromagnetic properties of the NWs. Using the strong interaction between biotin and streptavidin, streptavidin–fluorescent dyes were successfully conjugated on the biotinylated CSNWs. This was then analyzed for the surface plasmon resonance effect and Stokes' shifting <I>via</I> ultraviolet-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements and imaged by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Proliferating cancer cells (Panc-1) have been used to study the toxicological effects of both Ni–Au CSNWs and Ni NWs in a living cell system: the cellular responses to nanowire effects were observed. Ni–Au CSNWs appeared to be tolerated more by this cell line at the dose tested than Ni NWs.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Bio-applicable Ni–Au core–shell magnetic nanowire prepared from the combined electrodeposition and electroless-plating and thoroughly characterized for therapeutic applications. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1jm11143d'> </P>

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