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        Improved Charge Pump with Reduced Reverse Current

        Kiuk Gwak,Sang-Gug Lee,Seung-Tak Ryu 대한전자공학회 2012 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.12 No.3

        A highly efficient charge pump that minimizes the reverse charge sharing current (in short, reverse current) is proposed. The charge pump employs auxiliary capacitors and diode-connected MOSFET along with an early clock to drive the charge transfer switches; this new method provides better isolation between stages. As a result, the amount of reverse current is reduced greatly and the clock driver can be designed with reduced transition slope. As a proof of the concept, a 1.1V-to-9.8 V charge pump was designed in a 0.35 μm 18 V CMOS technology. The proposed architecture shows 1.6 V ~ 3.5 V higher output voltage compared with the previously reported architecture.

      • 촉각 환상 생성을 위한 자극기의 구현

        곽기욱(Kiuk Gwak),김미선(Misun Kim),유재헌(Jae Hyeon Yoo),전재영(Jae Young Jun),김대식(Dae-Shik Kim) 한국HCI학회 2012 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

        사람에게 촉각 환상을 느끼게 할 수 있는 촉각자극기가 개발 되었다. 개발된 자극기는 초소형 압전모터 배열을 사용해 작은 크기와 적은 전력소모를 가지면서 자극에 충분한 최대 1mm의 진폭과 500Hz의 진동주파수에서 1μm의 진폭을 가지고 있다. 자극의 시공간적 패턴의 변화가 촉각 환상을 생성 한다는 가설과 알고리즘을 검증하기 위해 4×4 배열의 자극 시스템이 구성되었다. 구성된 시스템은 4.5mm의 핀간격을 가지고 있으며, 각 모터들은 PC에 의해 독립적으로 진폭과 진동 주파수가 충분한 분해능으로 조절되는 것이 확인 되었다. 이 장치를 좀 더 소형화 시키면 사람에게 보다 직관적이고 편리한 기계과의 상호작용을 제공할 것이다.

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        A 2.048 Mb/s Full-Duplex Free-Space Optical Transceiver IC for a Real-Time <i>In Vivo</i> Brain–Computer Interface Mouse Experiment Under Social Interaction

        Hwang, Gunpil,Choi, Jong-Kwan,Yang, Jaehyeok,Lim, Sungmin,Kim, Jae-Myoung,Choi, Min-Gyu,Gwak, Kiuk,Jeon, Jinwoo,Choi, Il-Hwan,Park, Sol,Kim, Dae-Shik,Shin, Hee Sup,Bae, Hyeon-Min IEEE 2017 IEEE journal of solid-state circuits Vol.52 No.4

        <P>This paper presents the first free-space optical transceiver IC for social, psychological brain-computer interface experiments with multiple mice. The proposed IC embedded in a head-mounted module (HMM) includes 8-channel neural recorder and a neural stimulator in order to record extracellular action potentials and local field potentials while injecting diverse waveforms of monophasic intracranial stimulation current into the medial forebrain bundle for the activation of the nervous system. The HMM implanted on a mouse transmits the neural recording data to an optical base station by using a mandatory 591/624-nm (amber/red) visible behavior tracking LED as an optical transmitter to save power. The HMM is controlled simultaneously via a 940 nm infrared optical downlink to reduce interference to the visible optical uplink. The proposed IC fabricated in a 0.18-mu m HV BCDMOS process consumes 90 mu W while achieving a 2.048-Mb/s transmission rate.</P>

      • Optogenetic control of body movements via flexible vertical light-emitting diodes on brain surface

        Lee, Seung Hyun,Kim, Jeongjin,Shin, Jung Ho,Lee, Han Eol,Kang, Il-Suk,Gwak, Kiuk,Kim, Dae-Shik,Kim, Daesoo,Lee, Keon Jae Elsevier 2018 Nano energy Vol.44 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The microstimulation of specific neural populations of the brain is one of the facile and reliable methods used in neuroscience for deduction of functional movement, complex behavior and even long-range connectivity. Recent advanced biomedical tools now employ flexible optoelectronic devices combined with optogenetic mouse models to induce high spatiotemporal modulation of specific brain activity. However, most current applications are limited to activation of small functional regions using blue-light driven channelrhodopsin. In this report, we introduce flexible AlGaInP vertical light-emitting diodes (VLEDs) for perturbation of specific functional areas of mouse cortex. Micro-scaled LEDs effectively compress the conductive balls dispersed in anisotropic conductive film (ACF) resulting red light emissions with high optical power density, capable of stimulating motor neurons deep below layer III from the brain surface. Selective operation of pulsed red light from f-VLEDs induces mouse body movements and synchronized electromyogram (EMG) signals. The expression of chrimson, red-shifted channelrhodopsin, enables red-light excitation of targeted functional area of motor cortex. This demonstration opens new opportunities for entire cortical mapping, to explore the connectivity between undefined motor areas in the mouse brain.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The flexible vertical light-emitting diodes (f-VLEDs) were fabricated by an anisotropic conductive film (ACF). </LI> <LI> The f-VLEDs showed the optical power density more than 25mW/mm<SUP>2</SUP>, enough to stimulate the motor neurons below layer III. </LI> <LI> The f-VLEDs illuminated the frontal motor cortex of the mouse to control the body movements with minimal tissue damage. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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