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Some Biochemical Abnormalities Caused by Cypermethrin in adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.)
ASHFAQ, Muhammad,shahid Mehmood KHALID,Waseem AKRAM,Riaz HUSSAIN,이종진 한국곤충학회 2004 Entomological Research Vol.34 No.1
Biochemical effects of sub lethal doses LC10 and LC20 of cypermethrin were studiedon some enzymes and macromolecule activities of adult beetles of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.).Cypermethrin caused disturbances in levels of all biochemical components under study. The doseof 0.78 ppm caused abnormalities in α-amylase and FAA by increasing their activities i.e.,45.45% and 21.97% significantly. The higher sub lethal dose of 2.62 ppm disturbed all theparameters (AcP, α-amylase, soluble protein and FAA) except AkP, which was decreased by93.06%. Moreover, sub lethal doses either increased or decreased the levels of all parameters nonsignificantlyexcept AkP and FAA which were effected significantly by 87.92% and 14.29% atlower and higher doses, respectively. In the present studies, cypermethrin significantly enhancedthe activity of AkP in both susceptible and resistant strains of T. castaneum adult beetles whileFAA contents were increased significantly in resistant strain only. The activity of α-amylase wassignificantly lowered in susceptible strain only.
Wulandhari Sudarsono,Sue Ying Tan,Wai Yin Wong,Fatin Saiha Omar,K. Ramya,Shahid Mehmood,Arshid Numan,Rashmi Walvekar,Mohammad Khalid 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.122 No.-
The development of low-cost fuel cell technology has involved substantial research on platinum-free ornon-platinum group metal (non-PGM) catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in proton exchangemembrane fuel cells. However, due to macroscale degradation and flooding issues in fuel cell systems,catalyst development has faced significant challenges in rapid active site degradation over a short time. This review presents the impacts of the non-PGM catalyst structure on the ORR activity and single-cellperformance. A balance in the micropores, mesopores and macropores is sought to ensure high accessibilityto the active sites, a high active site density, and good water management at the electrode layer toprevent active site blockage. The unsatisfactory single-cell performance of non-PGM electrodes alsopotentially arises from the conventional catalyst ink-casting technique. This review also provides insightinto the necessary strategies for producing non-PGM MEAs via proper porous architecture and innovativecatalyst casting techniques to develop promising low-cost PEMFC technology.