Occurrences of Two Spotted Mites, Tetranychus urticae as a New Major Pest in Persimmon Orchards and Their Chemical Control

Bu-Keun Chung,Mitsuhiro Kawashima,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05

As suggested by Kawashima (2006), the most abundant Tetranychidae was Tetranychus sp. as a pest in persimmon orchards. The observatory orchards were selected 16 in total, 2 from Gurye, 2 from Gwangyang, and 2 from Suncheon in Jeonnam Province and 3 from Jinju, 4 from Sacheon, and 3 from Sancheong in Gyeongnam Province. Number of mites in 100 persimmon leaves were observed from each orchards nearly every ten days. Careful rearing of the mites sample collected from the four observaory persimmon fields at which the mite had occurred the most seriously among 16 fields and results from taxanomical identification process indicated that the species was identified Tetranychus urticae. Maximum number of T. urticae reached to 436 on 27 June at Jeongdong, Sacheon, 108 on 1 August at Sinann, Sancheong, 406 on 26 June Okgok, Gwangyang, and 509 on 15 June Muncheok, Gurye. When the number reached to more than 400 mites, the persimmon leaves changed from clear yellow dots, to pale yellow, and to grey in the backside. An experiment was conducted to control T. urticae and to select highly active miticide in persimmon orchards in Jinju and Sacheon. Spiromesifen 20SC and acequinosyl 15 SC were effective.

The Use of Sugarcane Stalk for Feeding Lactating Cows

Kawashima, T.,Sumamal, W.,Pholsen, P.,Chaithiang, R.,Boonpakdee, W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.2

The use of chopped sugarcane stalk (CSS) as a roughage for lactating cows was examined using four Holstein crossbred cows in a private dairy farm in Khon Kaen, Thailand, in comparison with rice straw (RS), which is the conventional roughage in the dry season in the region. Cows were subjected to the following two dietary treatments: Diet 1) RS with commercial concentrate feed, and Diet 2) CSS and RS with commercial concentrate feed. The diet was switched over every 3 weeks. The amount of concentrate was determined by the experience of the owner of the cows. RS and CSS were given ad libitum. There was no difference in milk production between two groups, although the total DMI was less in cows fed CSS. Solid-not-fat (SNF) content in milk was significantly higher in the cows given CSS. The NEFA content was significantly lower in the animals given CSS, which suggested that cows given only RS as roughage would be suffering from energy malnutrition. Therefore, it was considered that CSS feeding improved energy supply, which resulted in higher SNF in milk. In the nutritional point of view, the present study clearly showed CSS can be used as a roughage for dairy cows in the dry season.

Feeding Value of Sugarcane Stalk for Cattle

Kawashima, T.,Sumamal, W.,Pholsen, P.,Chaithiang, R.,Boonpakdee, W.,Kurihara, M.,Shibata, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.1

A metabolism trial with four castrated male Brahman cattle, average body weight 320 kg, was conducted in order to determine the nutritive value of chopped sugarcane stalk (CSS) for the establishment of feeding strategy in the dry season in Northeast Thailand. Animals were subjected to the following four dietary treatments: Treatment 1; 100% of CSS, Treatment 2; 70% of CSS and 30% of commercial complete feed (TMR), Treatment 3; 40% of CSS and 60% of TMR, and Treatment 4; 100% of TMR. The average CP, ether extracts, nitrogen free extracts, crude fiber and ash contents of CSS were 2.0, 0.9, 79.0, 16.1 and 2.2%, respectively. Although the amount of feed given was approximately at maintenance level, animals in treatments 1 and 2 refused a part of feed. The metabolism trial revealed that total digestible nutrient and metabolizable energy contents of CSS were 61.5% and 9.04 MJ/kgDM, respectively, when it was properly supplemented with protein sources. Nutritive value of CSS was lowered when animals were given CSS solely. This was due to the large loss of energy into urine and methane. Voluntary intake of CSS in cattle was not enough to satisfy energy requirement for maintenance. The CSS can be used as a roughage for feeding cattle in the dry season with proper supplementation of protein and energy.

Ruminal Degradation of Sugarcane Stalk

Kawashima, T.,Sumamal, W.,Pholsen, P.,Chaithiang, R.,Hayashi, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.9

The number of protozoa and VFA content in the rumen fluid, in situ disappearance and turnover rate were examined with four rumen-fistulated cattle given either sugarcane stalk or Ruzi grass hay in order to clarify the manner of rumen digestion of sugarcane stalk. Cattle were given either sugarcane stalk or Ruzi grass hay at 1.0% of body weight level with commercial concentrate feed. Feeding sugarcane stalk reduced acetate content and increased propionate and butyrate contents in rumen fluid. While rapidlysoluble fraction of sugarcane stalk was 42%, the insoluble but potentially degradable fraction was only 17%. This clearly showed that sugarcane stalk mainly consisted of water soluble fraction (i.e. sugar) and tough fiber (i.e. bagasse). The ruminal degradation rate of both Ruzi grass hay and sugarcane stalk was lower in the animal given sugarcane stalk in comparison with those given Ruzi grass hay. While the turnover rate of liquid phase was about 50% higher in the animals given sugarcane stalk than in the animals given Ruzi grass hay, that of the solid phase was about 40% lower in the animals given sugarcane stalk. The effective degradability of DM of sugarcane stalk was higher than that of Ruzi grass hay. Sugarcane would be a promising roughage for ruminants in the tropics especially, in the dry season.

As-built modeling of piping system from terrestrial laser-scanned point clouds using normal-based region growing

Kawashima, Kazuaki,Kanai, Satoshi,Date, Hiroaki Society for Computational Design and Engineering 2014 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.1 No.1

Recently, renovations of plant equipment have been more frequent because of the shortened lifespans of the products, and as-built models from large-scale laser-scanned data is expected to streamline rebuilding processes. However, the laser-scanned data of an existing plant has an enormous amount of points, captures intricate objects, and includes a high noise level, so the manual reconstruction of a 3D model is very time-consuming and costly. Among plant equipment, piping systems account for the greatest proportion. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to propose an algorithm which could automatically recognize a piping system from the terrestrial laser-scanned data of plant equipment. The straight portion of pipes, connecting parts, and connection relationship of the piping system can be recognized in this algorithm. Normal-based region growing and cylinder surface fitting can extract all possible locations of pipes, including straight pipes, elbows, and junctions. Tracing the axes of a piping system enables the recognition of the positions of these elements and their connection relationship. Using only point clouds, the recognition algorithm can be performed in a fully automatic way. The algorithm was applied to large-scale scanned data of an oil rig and a chemical plant. Recognition rates of about 86%, 88%, and 71% were achieved straight pipes, elbows, and junctions, respectively.

Matching Diffuser Vane with Return Vane Installed in Multistage Centrifugal Pump

Kawashima, Daisuke,Kanemoto, Toshiaki,Sakoda, Kazuyuki,Wada, Akihiro,Hara, Takashi Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2008 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.1 No.1

The effects of the diffuser vane on the performances of the multistage centrifugal pump were investigated experimentally, taking account of the interactions among the diffuser vane, the return vane, and the next stage impeller. It is very important to match well the diffuser vane with the return vane, for improving the hydraulic efficiency of the pump. The efficiency may be more improved by making the cross-sectional area of the channel from the diffuser vane outlet to the return vane inlet larger, as much as possible.

XPS and Electrochemical Studies of Amorphous Ni-Nb-Ta-P Alloys in 12 M HCl

Kawashima, A.,Sato, T.,Asami, K. 한국부식방식학회 2002 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.31 No.6

The open circuit potentials of the amorphous Ni-Nb-Ta-P alloys containing 15 at% or more tantalum increased with immersion time and are located in the passive region of the alloys, although those with containing 10 at% or less tantalum decrease with immersion time in 12 M HC1 solution at 30℃ open to air. The high tantalum-bearing alloys are spontaneously passivated. XPS analysis revealed that the spontaneous passive films formed on the alloys in the hydrochloric acid are rich in tantalum and niobium cations and deficient in nickel cation. The high corrosion resistance of these alloys with high tantalum content is attributed to the protective nature of passive film consisting of hydrated tantalum oxyhydroxide.

Development of spherical crystallization technique and its application to pharmaceutical systems

Kawashima, Yoshiaki The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1984 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.7 No.2

A novel agglomeration technique, termed "Spherical Crystallization Process", which can transform directly the fine crystals produced in the crystallization or the reaction process into a spherical shape was developed. By this technique, needle like crystals such as salicylic acid were transformed into free flowing and directly compressible agglomerates. Sphericaly agglomerated aminophyline crystals were obtained directly from the reaction system, which could reduce the preparation processes, e. g. synthesis, crystallization and agglomeration, into only one step. Sodium theophyline monohydrate agglomerates were prepared by salting out, the rate process of which was described by a first order kinetics. Agglomerated crystals of ndw complex of indo-methacin-mepirizole were prepare with this technique; an improved therapeutic effect of the resultant crystals was expected. expected.

Postwar Japan-China Relationship: Contemplation from the Perspective of Reconciliation

( Kawashima Shin ) 대한민국역사박물관 2015 Journal of Contemporary Korean Studies Vol.2 No.2

This paper depicts the China-Japan relationship after WWII from the perspective of “reconciliation” and suggests comparative perspectives that could be applied to the post-war Japan-Korea relationship. The key phrase that connects the “Abe Statement” published on August 14, 2015 and the “Report of World Order in the 21st Century” is “post-war reconciliation.” The seventy years of Japan-China relations after the Second World War indicate that while both sides have made movements towards reconciliation, the surrounding situation has not coincided with such intentions for seventy years. This is rather distinct from Japan-Korea relations. During the 1950s, and the 1960s although the idea of reconciliation was emerging, there was only limited progress. Economic relations between Japan and China grew rapidly in the 1980s, but Japan’s movements to improve relations with China overlapped with China’s reinforcement of the anti Japanese education system that was adopted as a tool for controlling domestic society after the Cold War. From 1990 onwards, Japan and China’s continuous mutual efforts for reconciliation have shown a certain level of progress. Henceforth, in order to unify their disharmonic past, mutual efforts will need to be made towards pacification as the foundation for improved Japan-China relations.

Stepwise <i>vs.</i> concerted pathways in scandium ion-coupled electron transfer from superoxide ion to <i>p</i>-benzoquinone derivatives

Kawashima, Tomonori,Ohkubo, Kei,Fukuzumi, Shunichi The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.13 No.8

<P>Superoxide ion (O<SUB>2</SUB>&z.rad;<SUP>−</SUP>) forms a stable 1 : 1 complex with scandium hexamethylphosphoric triamide complex [Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP>], which can be detected in solution by ESR spectroscopy. Electron transfer from O<SUB>2</SUB>&z.rad;<SUP>−</SUP>–Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> complex to a series of <I>p</I>-benzoquinone derivatives occurs, accompanied by binding of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> to the corresponding semiquinoneradical anion complex to produce the semiquinone radical anion-Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> complexes. The 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes between semiquinoneradical anions and Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> depending on the type of semiquinoneradical anions were detected by ESR measurements. This is defined as Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP>-coupled electron transfer. There are two reaction pathways in the Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP>-coupled electron transfer. One is a stepwise pathway in which the binding of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> to semiquinoneradical anions occurs after the electron transfer, when the rate of electron transfer remains constant with the change in concentration of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP>. The other is a concerted pathway in which electron transfer and the binding of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> occurs in a concerted manner, when the rates of electron transfer exhibit first-order and second-order dependence on the concentration of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> depending the number of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> (one and two) bound to semiquinoneradical anions. The contribution of two pathways changes depending on the substituents on <I>p</I>-benzoquinone derivatives. The present study provides the first example to clarify the kinetics and mechanism of metal ion-coupled electron-transfer reactions of the superoxide ion.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Electron transfer from O<SUB>2</SUB>&z.rad;<SUP>−</SUP>–Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> to a series of <I>p</I>-benzoquinone derivatives occurs <I>via</I> concerted and stepwise pathways. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cp00916d'> </P>