광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 브라켓 접착후 시간 경과에 따른 전단결합강도의 비교연구

이기수,임호남,박영국,신강섭 대한치과교정학회 1995 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.25 No.5

이 연구는 시간 경과에 따라 폴리아크릴산 용액으로 표면 조건화된 법랑질에 대한 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 브라켓 전단결합강도를 인산용액으로 부식된 법랑질에 대한 치과 교정용 레진 접착제의 그것과 비교하여 브라켓을 접착할 때 상용되어 온 치과교정용 레진 접착제를 광중합형 글래스아이오노며 시멘트로 대체할 수 있는지의 여부를 구명하기 위하여 시행되었다. 발거된 사람 소구치의 법랑질 표면을 각각 10% 폴리아크릴산용액과 38% 인산용액으로 처리한 후, 각각 시판되고 있는 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 일종(Fuji Ⅱ LC)과 화학중합형 치과교정용레진접착제의 일종(Mono-Lok 2)으로 법랑질 표면에 금속브라켓을 접착하고, 시편을 실온에서 5분, 15분 방치한 후, 37℃의 증류수 속에 1일, 35일동안 침지시킨 후, 브라켓 전단결합강도를 측정하고, 접착파절 패턴을 관찰하였다. 브라켓 접착 5분과 15분 후의 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 브라켓 전단결합강도는 치과교정용 레진 접착제의 그것보다 유의성 있게 높았다. 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트와 치과 교정용 레진 접착제의 브라켓 전단결합 강도는 브라켓 접착 1일 까지 증가하였으나 1일군과 35일군의 그것 사이에 통계적 유의차가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트가 브라켓 접착제로서 임상적인 유의성이 있음을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of time on shear bond strengths of a light-cured glass ionomer cement and chemically cured resin cement to enamel, and to observe the failure patterns of bracket bondings. Shear bond strength of a light-cured glass ionomer cement were compared with that of a resin cement. Metal brackets were bonded on the extracted human bicuspids. Specimens were subjected to a shear load(in and Instron machine) after storage at room temperature for 5 and 15 minutes; after storage in distilled water at 37℃ for 1 and 35 days. The deboned specimens were measured in respect of adhesive remnant index. The data were evaluated and tested by ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and t-test, and those results were as follows. 1. The shear bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement is higher than that of resin cement at 5 and 15 minutes. 2. The shear bond strength of both light-cured glass ionomer cement and resin cement increase with time. There was no significant difference in those of both 1 day group and 35 day group 3. Light-cured glass ionomer cement is suitable as orthodontic bracket adhesives

Analisis de La funcion semantico-sintactica del gerundio espanol y de su correcta denominacion en coreano

( Kang Guk Lee ) 한국스페인어문학회(구-한국서어서문학회) 2008 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.49

A Study on the Effect of Climate Change Initiative in Reducing Greenhouse Gas in Home Heating Sector in South Korea

Lee, Kang Guk,Park, Jong Cheon,Hong, Won Hwa Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2013 Advanced materials research Vol.734 No.-

<P>This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of South Koreas climate change initiative in reducing greenhouse gases in home heating sector. The conclusions of the research are: (1) it is recommended to set targets for efficient energy consumption and reduction of energy use in the countrys home energy sector. (2) If the energy source unit in 2020 can be cut down to the level of 2000, the total greenhouse gas emission can be slashed down to a 57% level of what is originally projected. (3) Greenhouse gas emission coefficient per different use of energy source was proposed.</P>

A Study on the Energy Consumption of Energy Poverty Households

Kang-Guk Lee,Gyu-Yeob Jeon,Won-hwa Hong 한국생활환경학회 2017 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This study was conducted to identify requirements and improvements for policies related to energy welfare by investigating and analyzing household characteristics, residential building information, elements of energy use, and energy welfare status among the energy poverty. In this study, the energy consumption of the energy poverty and support policies are investigated, and characteristics of each are analyzed. The average number of household members in the energy poverty group was 2.3, and the average monthly household income of the households was 93.3 million won. The average expenditure on energy use per year was 947,957 won, which was the highest in January, February, and December. The most desirable energy welfare policy was the reduction or reduction of electricity cost.

A Study on the Power Consumption of Elementary School Classrooms over Time in South Korea

Lee, Kang Guk,Hong, Won Hwa,Song, Geon Su Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2014 Advanced materials research Vol.935 No.-

<P>In this study intends to provide a base document on the energy consumption pattern of elementary school buildings in South Korea by analyzing the fluctuation of power consumption in the classrooms, which occupy the largest floor space in any school building.</P>

Materials and Resources Items in Green Building Certification in Korea: Critiques and Suggestions

Lee, Kang Guk,Hong, Won Hwa,Jang, Cheol Yong,Ahn, Byung Lip,Kim, Tae Woo Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2013 Advanced materials research Vol.689 No.-

<P>In this study, critiques and suggestions on the materials and resources items in the current green building certification system in Korea. The green building certification system in Korea for promoting the construction of high-energy-efficiency buildings use. Korean green building certification system are based on the marks obtained from the Energy Efficiency Index Report.</P>

High expression level of SOX2 is significantly associated with shorter survival in patients with thymic epithelial tumors

Lee, Guk Jin,Lee, Heejung,Woo, In Sook,Kim, Taejung,An, Ho Jung,Choi, Hyun Joo,Lee, Youn Soo,Lee, Kyo Young,Lee, Jieun,Kang, Jin-Hyoung Elsevier 2019 Lung cancer Vol.132 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are heterogenous tumors which are composed of thymoma (TM) and thymic carcinoma (TC). We attempted to determine differences in gene expression between TM and TC, and to determine the effect of such genes on the prognosis of patients with TET.</P> <P><B>Materials and methods</B></P> <P>Gene expression profiles of SOX2, OCT-4, IGF-1, IGF-1R and IR mRNA transcripts in tumor tissues of TM and TC were determined using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). We constructed tissue microarray with 140 paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for IGF-1R-related signaling molecules, including SOX2, IGF-1, IGF-1R and pAKT.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>SOX2 mRNA expression was notably higher (216-fold) in TCs than in TMs. However, there was no significant difference in expression of IGF-1, IGF-1R, OCT-4 or IR between the two tumor types. In IHC results, SOX2 (HR: 7.57, P = 0.001) and IGF-1 (HR: 9.43, P = 0.001) expression levels in TC were significantly higher than those in TM. There was a significant correlation in expression of SOX2 with IGF-1 (P = 0.021) and pAKT (P = 0.026). In univariate analysis, clinical TNM stage, WHO classification, serum LDH, expression of SOX2, IGF-1R, IGF-1 and pAKT, were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis using a forward-selection procedure revealed that clinical N stage (HR: 4.08, P < 0.001), M stage (HR: 3.37, P = 0.001) and SOX2 expression (HR: 4.53, P = 0.010) were significantly associated with OS.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>SOX2 is expressed significantly higher in TC than in TM. SOX2 expression is also closely related to IGF-1 and pAKT expression. The higher expression of SOX2 is significantly associated with shorter survival in patients with TET.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are divided into two broad categories, thymoma (TM) and thymic carcinoma (TC). </LI> <LI> Molecular biology of TETs are poorly understood. </LI> <LI> We suggest that SOX2 might be potential biomarker to predict biologic aggressiveness and poor prognosis in TETs. </LI> </UL> </P>

Jarchas와 Cantar de mio Cid의 문법적 유사성 연구 -인칭 대명사 체계를 중심으로-

이강국 ( Kang Guk Lee ) 한국스페인어문학회 2002 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.24

El intervalo conolo´gico entre las Glosas Emilianenses. el primer documento escrito del romance de la Peninsula Ibe´rica. y el Cantar de mio Cid. la primera obra literaria castellana. es ma´s o menos de dos siglos. ¿Que´ forma tuvo el romance peninsular durante ese tiempo? La respuesta apropiada se puede encontrar en el moza´rabe de Al-Andalus de los siglos XI-XII. En este trabajo investigo el sistema del pronombre personal de las jarchas y lo comparo con el de las Glosas Emilianenses y el Cantar de mio Cid. A trave´s de la comparacio´n del leismo. el uso de la preposicio´n a ante ausativo y dativo y el uso del articulo definido ante genitivo estuiae´ la semejanza gramatical del moza´rabe con el sisterna lingu¨istico del siglo XIII. aunque el moza´rabe estaba aislado geogra´fica y politico-socialmente.

이중형태를 이용한 역사음운론 교수법 연구

이강국 ( Kang Guk Lee ) 한국스페인어문학회 2002 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.23

En este trabajo propongo una nueva metodologi´a para la ensen~anza de la fonologi´a histo´rica: la comparacio´n de los dobletes, es decir, del cultismo y de la forma popular que se han derivado del mismo e´timo latino. Nuestro dilema hasta ahora es que la mayori´a de los textos existentes que siguen a Manual de M. Pidal [1940] piden un suficiente conocimiento del latin como requisito previo, pero nuestra realidad no lo satisface. Este nuevo me´todo, es decir, aprovechar el cultismo para la ensen~anza de la fonologi´a histo´rica seri´a muy u´til. tanto porque las palabras cultas conservan casi intacta la forma etimolo´gica del lati´n como porque pertenecen al vocabulario del castellano actual. Por ejemple. para explicar la insercio´n de -b-, la comparacio´n simple de modo pidaliano consuetudine>costumbre nos provoca muchas complejidades si no sabemos el lati´n. porque el e´timo es demasiado diferente para presumirlo en base a la forma actual y, por tanto, es muy dificil comprender el proceso del cambio. Pero si comparamos costumbre con el adjetivo culto consuetudinario. paiabra actual y conocida, podemos presumir fa´cilmente que el sustantivo popular tambien tendri´a la misma estructura fonolo´gica que el adjetivo culto en el radical del e´timo (costum-/consuetudi-). De esta manera, nuestra explicacio´n podri´a ser utilizada tanto por los que tienen un conocimiento suficiente del lati´n como. especialmente, por los que tienen dificultades de seguir el modo pidaliano por carecer de base latina.

스페인 도시의 비 파생 출신형용사와 별칭 연구

이강국 ( Kang Guk Lee ) 한국스페인어문학회 2014 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.72

Muchas ciudades espanolas tienen un gentilicio que no ha derivado del toponimo actual. Por ejemplo, el gentilicio de Calatayud es bilbilitano(a) y el de Medinaceli es ocelitano(a). En el segundo capitulo averiguaremos el origen de los gentilicios de este tipo cuya forma es completamente distinta del toponimo actual. Por otro lado, muchas ciudades poseen el apodo o pseudogentilicio. Por ejemplo, a los de Gijon se les llama ‘playu’ al lado de gijoneses, Vigo se llama Ciudad olivica y Oviedo es conocida como Vetusta. En el tercer capitulo estudiaremos el origen del apodo o pseudogentilicio de varias ciudades para comprender a fondo el espanol coloquial o la vida cotidiana desde el punto de vista sociolinguistico.