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Magnetic resonance study of bulk and thin film EuTiO<sub>3</sub>
Laguta, V V,Kamba, S,Maryš,ko, M,Andrzejewski, B,Kachlí,k, M,Maca, K,Lee, J H,Schlom, D G Institute of Physics 2017 Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter Vol.29 No.10
<P>Magnetic resonance spectra of EuTiO<SUB>3</SUB> in both bulk and thin film form were taken at temperatures from 3–350 K and microwave frequencies from 9.2–9.8 and 34 GHz. In the paramagnetic phase, magnetic resonance spectra are determined by magnetic dipole and exchange interactions between Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> spins. In the film, a large contribution arises from the demagnetization field. From detailed analysis of the linewidth and its temperature dependence, the parameters of spin–spin interactions were determined: the exchange frequency is 10.5 GHz and the estimated critical exponent of the spin correlation length is ≈0.4. In the bulk samples, the spectra exhibited a distinct minimum in the linewidth at the Néel temperature, <I>T</I> <SUB>N</SUB> ≈ 5.5 K, while the resonance field practically does not change even on cooling below <I>T</I> <SUB>N</SUB>. This is indicative of a small magnetic anisotropy ~320 G in the antiferromagnetic phase. In the film, the magnetic resonance spectrum is split below <I>T</I> <SUB>N</SUB> into several components due to excitation of the magnetostatic modes, corresponding to a non-uniform precession of magnetization. Moreover, the film was observed to degrade over two years. This was manifested by an increase of defects and a change in the domain structure. The saturated magnetization in the film, estimated from the magnetic resonance spectrum, was about 900 emu cm<SUP>−3</SUP> or 5.5 <I>µ</I> <SUB>B</SUB>/unit cell at <I>T</I> = 3.5 K.</P>
Joseph Bimbala Ngwaba,김윤선,유송희,Kabangu Kamba,Vanessa BILONDA TSHINEMU,Jacob NGWABA,Ruben Kanku,최혜봉,Etienne Ngwaba 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 International Journal of Contents Vol.19 No.3
The evolution of the Internet and Web has led governments to reshape traditional public services and supply the faster, better and more responsive access to public services to citizens called e-Government. E-Government is not only the electronic interactions between citizens and government agencies but also the co-operations among independent government affiliated agencies where different systems exist. These cooperations raise research challenges of heterogeneous interoperating environment in e-Government. This paper will examine the e-Government aspects and then identify the requirements in order to propose a G2G and G2B interoperability architecture based on Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) approach, the new trend of software architecture and distributed computing technology, along with technical standards, maturity model, and some key actions meant to make the initiative sustainable in the longer term. It is built on top of existing experiences in e-Government Interoperability Frameworks (eGIFs) of some countries across the globe and it addresses some specific peculiarities and needs of developing countries, like DRC.