Mechanism underlying 2n male and female gamete formation in lemon via cytological and molecular marker analysis

Kai‑Dong Xie,Qiang‑Ming Xia,Jun Peng,Xiao‑Meng Wu,Zong‑Zhou Xie,Chun‑Li Chen,Wen‑Wu Guo 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.2

The unreduced (2n) gametes have long been used in triploid breeding of citrus. In lemon, the previously reported mechanisms for 2n megagametophyte formation were controversial, whereas that for 2n pollen production is still unknown. Herein, the frequency of and mechanism underlying 2n megagametophyte and 2n pollen formation in ‘Eureka’ lemon were investigated based on cytological observation and genotyping of the triploid hybrids between ‘Eureka’ lemon and ‘Early gold’ sweet orange. As a result, 4.79% of the viable pollens of ‘Eureka’ lemon were identified as the 2n pollen with a larger diameter (70.16 ± 3.92 μm). The 2n pollen might be resulted from the formation of parallel spindles at meiosis stage II. Among the 204 plantlets regenerated from embryo rescue following the sexual cross, 12 were triploids as identified by flow cytometry. According to the analysis of heterozygosity transmission using 13 pericentromeric single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 20 randomly distributed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 11 triploids were identified to be originated from the fertilization of 2n megagametophytes of ‘Eureka’ lemon, with a frequency of 5.39%. Among them, nine 2n megagametophytes were supposed to be arisen from the second division restitution (SDR), whereas the other two were from postmeiotic genome doubling (PMD). These results to understand the mechanism underlying 2n gamete formation in lemon are valuable for its efficient polyploid breeding.

동화를 활용한 통합활동 중심의 사회적 유능성 증진 프로그램의 효과 연구 : 언어발달 지체 유아를 대상으로 An application of fairy tale integrate activities

정계숙,노진형 부산유아교육학회 2004 유아교육논총 Vol.13 No.-

본 연구는 동화를 활용한 통합활동 중심의 사회적 유능성 증진 프로그램이 언어적으로 지체된 유아의 사회적 유능성에 어떠한 변화를 가져오는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 부산대학교 어린이상담실에 의뢰된 6-7세 유아들로, 유아들의 발달적 요구와 3회까지 관찰된 유아의 행동 특성 및 초기 면담 결과를 근거로 유아의 중재목표행동이 선정되었다. 프로그램 내용 및 운영은 동화 듣기와 동극 하기, 작업활동, 음률활동, 게임, 신체 활동 등의 통합활동 중심으로 주 1회, 총 15회 동안 두 명의 중재교사, 관찰자 및 부모교육 담당자에 의해 수행되었다. 연구 결과 동화를 활용한 통합활동 중심의 사회적 능력 증진 프로그램은 유아에 따라 다소 차이는 있었으나 중재 목표 행동인 또래에게 상호작용 시도하기, 또래와의 문제상황에 대처하기 및 교사의 지시 따르기를 증진시키는 효과가 있었다. This study examined the effectiveness of a social competence program for language delayed children. The Hierarchical Model of Social Competence by Guralnick(1992) provided the framework of the social competence program. The activities of the program were consisted of fairy tale integrate activities, like dramatization, art and occupation activities, physical activities and game etc. Subjects were 3 boys aged 6-7 years, with language delays. The program ran for 15 sessions. Two intervention teachers, two observers and one parent group leader implemented each session for 90 minutes once a week cooperatively. The target behaviors of the subjects were to initiate interactions with others, cope with problem situations with peers and follow teacher's suggestions. Data on the frequencies of target behaviors and the behavior episodes related with target behaviors during each session were analyzed. Although there were some individual differences in the changes of target behaviors, most of children became to be more sociable. The implications for developing social competence programs for children with language delays were discussed.

信息技術發展與嚴播組織權利保護制度的重塑

胡開忠 東國大學校 比較法文化硏究所 2008 比較法硏究 Vol.8 No.2

Abstract: Owing to great development of contemporary information technology, it is easier to transmit broadcast programs illegally, thus the rights of broadcast organization are menaced to be violated seriously increasingly, however, the protection system of broadcast organization based on the Roman Convention does not meet the demands of information technology development gradually. So international intellectual property organization has managed and drew up new plan for broadcast organization rights protection and enlarged the rights of broadcast organization ,but the plan is also criticized by the governments and corporations in some developing countries and some developed countries. We should pay close attention to the newest trends of rights protection of international broadcast organization, make timely amendment on our Copyright Law, and pay attention to protection of the justified interests of the public while protecting broadcast organization rights.

집단 미술치료 중재 프로그램을 통한 유아의 사회,정서 행동 문제 개선 효과 연구

정계숙,구정희 부산유아교육학회 2004 유아교육논총 Vol.13 No.-

본 연구는 사회 ·정서행동 문제를 가진 유아를 대상으로 집단미술치료 중재 프로그램을 실시하고 집단미술치료 중재프로그램이 유아의 사회 정서행동 문제의 개선에 효과가 있는가를 검토해 보았다. 4, 5세 아동 4명을 대상으로 회기 당 90뿐씩 총 16회기 동안 프로그램을 실시한 후, 각 유아별로 사회 정서행동 문제에 대하여 관찰기록과 비디오 녹화, 교사와 부모와의 면담결과를 중심으로 그 변화틀 질적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 집단미술치료 중재 프로그램은 유아의 행동문제의 유형에 따라 개인차는 있으나 유아의 다양한 사회·정서적 행동문제의 개선에 효과적이었다. The study aimed to examine the effects of a group art therapy intervention program for young children with social and emotional problem behaviors on improving the problem behaviors. The program developed on the basis of natural intervention approach was consisted of group art therapy activity, free play and interaction time including snack time, hello time and evaluation time. It run for 90 minutes once a week through conjecutive 16 weeks. The data from observation sheet of social and emotional problem behaviors and interviewing sheet for mothers and teachers was analyzed for each child. With some individual differences each child's problem behaviors were remarkably improved. The result were discussed on the point of developing group art therapy intervention program for young children with social and emotional difficulties.

사회성 증진 프로그램의 유아 사회적 기술 향상 효과에 대한 연구

정계숙,문성숙 부산대학교 사범대학 1998 교사교육연구 Vol.36 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of social enhancement program on the social skills of young children and the differential effects of the program according to sex and the primary level of social skills. The 115 5-year-old children of experiment(n=69) and control groups(n=46) were selected from 4 public kindergarten classes in Pusan. The Social Skill Rating Scale was used for young children's social skills. The social enhancement program conducted for a 19-weeks period was developed on the bases of the model of children's peer-related peer-related social competence suggested by Guralnick (1990). It found that the program enhanced the social skills scores of young children, total and 2 sub-areas, cooperation and self-assertion scores, but not self-control score. There were no differential effects of the program on social skills according to sex and the levels of the primary social skills, except self-control skill by sex. The results were discussed on a methodological aspect for developing and implementing the social enhancement programs.

경증 지적 지체유아 통합학급에서의 교육연극 활용 연구

정계숙 釜山大學校 師範大學 2003 교사교육연구 Vol.42 No.-

This study aimed to examine applicability of creative drama to the inclusive classrooms for changing attitudes of general children toward mentally retarded peers and promoting social interactions between them, and suggest an example of administration of a creative drama activity program. Most of inclusive teachers have difficulties for managing their classrooms because they didn't have informations enough about children with disabilities and teaching strategies. Social interaction between children with and without disabilities is a most important benefit of inclusion. Thus, inclusive teachers need the natural intervention strategies for promoting positive relationship between children. Children, even mildly mentally retarded ones, enjoy imagination and dramatic play. Creative drama has various educational and developmental meanings. It is a educational process of making a drama by collaboration and a process of self-development for all children through various experiences with emotional regulation, socially maturational behaviors and free verbal and non-verbal self-expression. Most of all, it doesn't need for inclusive teachers to be trained about the structured intervention strategies based on behavioral learning theories, distancing from developmentally appropriate practices in early childhood education. By these points creative drama can be used as a natural routine activity of a preschool daily schedule successfully. It concluded that creative drama could be a effective strategy for changing negative attitudes of general young children toward peers with mild mental retardation and establishing positive relationship between children with and without disabilities.

따뜻한 유아교육공동체 형성을 위한 구성원의 공통 핵심 역량 요소 탐색

정계숙,윤갑정,박희경 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2016 교사교육연구 Vol.55 No.2

The purpose of the study was to examine the community members’ core competences for forming a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community as an ideal model of early childhood education. For this purpose, 6 people including parents, teacher, practician in the communal childcare cooperatives and 6 people including professors, directors teacher, school supervisor participated in the Focus Group Interview (FGI). The results were as follows: The first core competencies for developing a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community was sense of partnership which was characterized by; ‘understanding each other and warm hearted sympathy’, ‘a common purpose for children’s future’, ‘forgiveness and accepting each other’s differences’, and ‘meeting for building a positive relationship’. The second core competencies for developing a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community was sharing of key values between members which was characterized by; ‘establishment of self-identity and community identity’, ‘sharing perspectives and values on education’, ‘willingness for learning together in daily life’ and ‘democratic communication skill and decision-making ability’. Implications for the core competencies development and support toward building a warm early childhood educational community was discussed.

선택적 함묵아의 놀이치료 사례연구 : A Case Study of Play Therapy for Selective Mutism Child

정계숙,이은하,이정희 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2002 영유아보육연구 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of child-centered play therapy for a young child with selective mutism. The subject was a 4.10 year old girl who had interpersonal difficulties caused of selective mutism. The objects of the play therapy were to improve emotional expression and social communication and to change unadapted social behavior. The total number of play therapy sessions was 56. The ongoing parent interventions for child's mother was implemented once a week and the interview with kindergarten teacher were administered periodically. The changes of the child were described qualitatively through all sessions. During the early stage, the child showed severe mother separate anxiety and told to the therapist hardly. The feature of her play was to separate houses and cars which she built and placed with the traffic signals. Through the middle stage, she showed the depressions and the stress caused of conflicts between self and reality repeatedly, and then, changed a little in interpersonal relations, including her young sister. On the later stage, the aspects of her play sessions showed that she became a quiet adaptive child. She became to talk with strange peoples even in strange situations and to be generous to her young sister even when she made a scar in her own face. It was discussed about the effectiveness of the child-centered play therapy on improving emotional expression and social communication of a young child with selective mutism.

어머니의 발달지체유아에 대한 유관적 상호작용 행동 중재 효과 연구

정계숙,윤갑정 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2001 영유아보육연구 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in contingent interaction behaviors of mothers with developmentally delayed young children through the intervention program for better mother-child interactions. The subjects were four children with developmental delays and their mothers who not received parent education program ever. The intervention program was consisted of 16 sessions and each session had intervention activities which were selected to improve negative and non-contingent interaction behaviors between mothers and their young children with developmental delays. The effects of the mother-child interaction program were presented by analyzing the changes in the frequencies of contingent interaction behaviors, each of attempts and responses behaviors, between children and their mothers and describing the characteristic behaviors which explained the changes of their contingent interaction behaviors through the analysis of the play behavior episodes between each dyads. The effects of the program were as follows. First, the frequencies of contingent attempt and response behaviors of the mothers increased through the mother-child interaction intervention program. Second, the contingent attempt and response behaviors of the mothers were improved qualitatively through the mother-child interaction intervention program. The results were discussed on the point of developing the better intervention program practices for mothers with young children with developmental delays and suggested some implications for it.

裡里市 公園開發에 關한 硏究 : Centering around Pai San Park

郭桂煥 圓光大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.2

For the establishment of the inclination of a large Park in middle or Small city is apt to fail many reasons, the establishment of the in clination of the Park in IRi City of which the terrain is plain has to regard the line of movility of citizen and has to develop in small Park and has to emphasize the following : 1. We has to take advantage of the open space which is barren or marsh and has to develop plain. 2. The establishment of on pulclic athletic field is impossible for the national budget and has retain the nonofficial fund.