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K. M. Geetha,Jyotsna Shankar,Barnabas Wilson 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2023 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.23 No.4
Chia seed oil (CSO) was reported to possess various pharmacological effects, however, its usefulness is restricted due to its inadequate solubility, bioavailability and stability. In the present work, efforts were put forward to develop chia seed oil nanoemulsion (CSO NE). The developed CSO NE was exposed to pharmacodynamic evaluation against Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced by rotenone (RT) in the mice. Here, the animals were classified into 6 groups: (I) Vehicle control, (II) RT (1 mg/ kg s.c.), (III) CSO (200 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (IV) CSO (400 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (V) CSO NE (200 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (VI) CSO NE (400 mg/kg p.o.) + RT. Animals received the treatment 30 min before RT administration for 14 days. The outcomes of the motor/behavioural evaluations (rotarod test and locomotor activity), biochemical evaluations (estimation of malondialdehyde, nitrite, acetylcholine esterase, reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) and histopathological evaluation affirmed that the CSO NE treatment rendered a significant enhancement in the neuroprotective effects as compared to CSO administered alone. These results suggest that the oral bioavailability of CSO was escalated by its conversion to nanoform, thus imparting greater neuroprotection. The potential application of CSO NE was established in the management of PD.
Geetha, S.,Ram, M.Sai,Sharma, S.K.,Ilavazhagan, G.,Banerjee, P.K.,Sawhney, R.C. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.1
This study was designed to determine the cytoprotective activity of flavones of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tert-BOOH), used as an oxidant to induce oxidative damage, with lymphocytes as the model system. Addition of tert-BOOH ($250\;{\mu}M$) to the cells resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity and free radical production. The intracellular calcium levels, caspase activity, and apoptosis were significantly increased following tert-BOOH treatment. Seabuckthorn flavones at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ significantly inhibited tert-BOOH-induced cytotoxicity and free radical production and also restored the antioxidant status to that of control cells. Seabuckthorn flavones also significantly restricted tert-BOOH-induced apoptosis by decreasing intracellular calcium levels and caspase activity. The extract also decreased tert-BOOH-induced formation of DNA breaks by 30%. These observations suggest that the flavones of seabuckthorn have marked cytoprotective properties, which could be attributed to the antioxidant activity.
The Line n-sigraph of a Symmetric n-sigraph-V
Reddy, P. Siva Kota,Nagaraja, K.M.,Geetha, M.C. Department of Mathematics 2014 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.54 No.1
An n-tuple ($a_1,a_2,{\ldots},a_n$) is symmetric, if $a_k$ = $a_{n-k+1}$, $1{\leq}k{\leq}n$. Let $H_n$ = {$(a_1,a_2,{\ldots},a_n)$ ; $a_k$ ${\in}$ {+,-}, $a_k$ = $a_{n-k+1}$, $1{\leq}k{\leq}n$} be the set of all symmetric n-tuples. A symmetric n-sigraph (symmetric n-marked graph) is an ordered pair $S_n$ = (G,${\sigma}$) ($S_n$ = (G,${\mu}$)), where G = (V,E) is a graph called the underlying graph of $S_n$ and ${\sigma}$:E ${\rightarrow}H_n({\mu}:V{\rightarrow}H_n)$ is a function. The restricted super line graph of index r of a graph G, denoted by $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r$(G). The vertices of $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r$(G) are the r-subsets of E(G) and two vertices P = ${p_1,p_2,{\ldots},p_r}$ and Q = ${q_1,q_2,{\ldots},q_r}$ are adjacent if there exists exactly one pair of edges, say $p_i$ and $q_j$, where $1{\leq}i$, $j{\leq}r$, that are adjacent edges in G. Analogously, one can define the restricted super line symmetric n-sigraph of index r of a symmetric n-sigraph $S_n$ = (G,${\sigma}$) as a symmetric n-sigraph $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r$($S_n$) = ($\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(G)$, ${\sigma}$'), where $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(G)$ is the underlying graph of $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$, where for any edge PQ in $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$, ${\sigma}^{\prime}(PQ)$=${\sigma}(P){\sigma}(Q)$. It is shown that for any symmetric n-sigraph $S_n$, its $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ is i-balanced and we offer a structural characterization of super line symmetric n-sigraphs of index r. Further, we characterize symmetric n-sigraphs $S_n$ for which $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$~$\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ and $$\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n){\sim_=}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$$, where ~ and $$\sim_=$$ denotes switching equivalence and isomorphism and $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ and $\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ are denotes the restricted super line symmetric n-sigraph of index r and super line symmetric n-sigraph of index r of $S_n$ respectively.
S. Geetha,S.K. Sharma,G. Ilavazhagan,P.K. Banerjee,R.C. Sawhney,M. Sai Ram 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.1
This study was designed to determine the cytoprotective activity of flavones of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tert-BOOH), used as an oxidant to induce oxidative damage, with lymphocytes as the model system. Addition of tert-BOOH (250 μM) to the cells resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity and free radical production. The intracellular calcium levels, caspase activity, and apoptosis were significantly increased following tert-BOOH treatment. Seabuckthorn flavones at the concentration of 100 μg/mL significantly inhibited tert-BOOH-induced cytotoxicity and free radical production and also restored the antioxidant status to that of control cells. Seabuckthorn flavones also significantly restricted tert-BOOH-induced apoptosis by decreasing intracellular calcium levels and caspase activity. The extract also decreased tert-BOOH-induced formation of DNA breaks by 30%. These observations suggest that the flavones of seabuckthorn have marked cytoprotective properties, which could be attributed to the antioxidant activity.
Rahmathulla, V.K.,Raj, Tilak,Himanthraj, M.T.,Vindya, G.S.,Devi, R.G.Geetha Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2003 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.6 No.1
The study evaluated the influence of feeding different maturity leaves i.e., tender, medium, coarse and mixed leaves of three different maturity during late larval stages of new bivoltine race $(CSR_{3} {\times} CSR_{6})$. The data were compared with shoot feeding and control batches in which conventional feeding method was followed. The most of the larval and cocoon characters were recorded significantly higher in tender leaves fed batches followed by T4 batch (2 times tender and 1 time coarse leaves). Lowest melting percentage (1.494%) was recorded in T4 and highest (4.69%) was recorded in coarse leaf (T3) fed batches. Significantly higher post cocoon parameters viz., average filament length, non-breakable filament length, renditta and raw silk percentage were recorded in tender loaves fed batches.