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Factors controlling typhoons and storm rain on the Korean Peninsula during the Little Ice Age
Katsuki, K.,Yang, D. Y.,Seto, K.,Yasuhara, M.,Takata, H.,Otsuka, M.,Nakanishi, T.,Yoon, Y.,Um, I. K.,Cheung, R. C. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Journal of paleolimnology Vol.55 No.1
<P>Documenting multi-decadal typhoon and storm-rain variability is useful to prevent future typhoon and flood disasters. We present the history of typhoon and storm-rain activity in East Asia inferred from multi-proxy analyses of Lagoon Hwajin-po sediments along the eastern coast of Korea. Anthropogenic effects were enhanced in Lagoon Hwajin-po since ca. AD 1900, by increasing farming in the catchment. To avoid these human-induced effects, we reconstructed the history of typhoon and storm-rain activity only for the interval AD 1400-1900. The record indicates that typhoon frequency throughout the Korean Peninsula varied in response to the state of the El Nio/Southern Oscillation. Typhoon variability was likely modulated further by the state of the East Asia summer monsoon (EASM) pattern, associated with variation in the magnitude of solar irradiance. During periods of minimum solar activity, such as the early Maunder Minimum (AD 1650-1675), typhoons struck the east China coast and Korean Peninsula more frequently because of a strengthened EASM.</P>
Katsuki, K.,Seto, K.,Nomura, R.,Maekawa, K.,Khim, B.K. Academic Press in association with the Estuarine a 2009 Estuarine, coastal and shelf science Vol.81 No.2
Diatom assemblages of the surface and in core sediment samples from Lake Saroma (Japan) were examined for the purpose of evaluating anthropogenic effect on the coastal environmental changes. Before the first inlet excavation, the lake's water quality and ecology were controlled by water exchange with the Okhotsk Sea as well as lake-level variation. However, large-scale ecological modification occurred, mainly due to artificial excavation and shellfish industrial farms. A distinct record of the succession of the dominant diatom taxa was preserved in core sediments. Low-oxygen water was prevalent in the lake in 1929, before the first inlet excavation. Immediately after the first inlet excavation, the low-oxygen water in the western basin of the lake began to disappear, in a trend that became increasing transparent, which has been attributed to an increasing rate of water exchange. However, the lacustrine environment of bottom sediments resumes deterioration 20years after since the first artificial excavation: the resultant deposition of river-mouth materials into the deep basin caused eutrophication and environmental disturbance of the lake bottom. At the same time, the eutrophication of surface water became intensified with the onset of intense scallop culturing beginning in 1966. Increasing organic loads deposited onto the bottom layer in the form of excreta from the scallop nursery led to more oxygen deficiency and the elution of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sediment, which again brought about eutrophication of the surface layer. Such environmental change was reflected in a decrease of benthic diatom taxa and an increase of planktonic taxa, trends which have continued until today. Particularly, the numbers of diatom assemblage have been decreasing all over the lake during the last 10years, which suggests that Lake Saroma's present-day deterioration and eutrophication will continue or become even worse.
Matsui, A.,Katsuki, R.,Fujikawa, H.,Kai, M.,Kubo, K.,Hiraga, A.,Asai, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.7
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the digestible energy intake and energy expenditure in yearling horses on different training protocols (uphill- and level-track exercise training protocols). Twenty-four thoroughbred yearlings (12 males and 12 females, aged 27.0$\pm$0.9 months) were divided into two groups based on their training on two different tracks: the uphill (with a gradient of about 3%) training group (uphill training) and the level training group (level training). The digestible energy (DE) intake and energy expenditure (EE) during exercise were measured in both the groups. It was found that the DE intake in the uphill training and the level training groups was 5.1$\pm$3.1 and 36.9$\pm$4.8 Mcal/day, respectively. The EE during exercise in the two groups was 3.05$\pm$0.51 and 2.07 $\pm$0.56 Mcal, respectively. Thus, there was a significant difference in the EE (p<0.05), but not in the DE intake between the animals of the two training groups. The EE for a given intensity of exercise was greater in the uphill training group than in the level training group, but the DE intake was not affected by the exercise intensity. The DE intake was not generally affected by the intensity of exercise in this study, but a daily negative gain of body weight was observed in the uphill training group, particularly in the females. Thus, the energy requirement may be higher in yearlings undergoing uphill training than in those undergoing level training.