Three Hybrid Japanese Joyceans: Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Sei Ito and Haruki Murakami

( Eishiro Ito ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2012 제임스조이스저널 Vol.18 No.2

In Japan, many novelists, especially naturalistic writers, have struggled to show their originality and have written novels dealing with the author`s private life or using autobiographical details since the early twentieth century. In Japan, since the introduction of Joyce by Yonejiro Noguchi in 1918, many ambitious novelists, including the first Korean modernist writer Taewon Park, were influenced by Joyce`s innovative narrative technique, styles and methods of Modernism while they also learned how to write fictions with the autobiographical elements from him. Akutagawa left a memorandum in which he confessed how he was shocked with Joyce`s narrative method used in the first chapter of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Ito began to struggle to translate the whole text of Ulysses into Japanese soon after reading it. Probably their reactions to Joyce`s works were not unusual for Japanese novelists at that time. Haruki Murakami is different from the two precursors in that reading Japanese translations of foreign novels affected his style in Japanese. Japanese Joycean writers have learned or borrowed some literary techniques from Marcel Proust and Joyce; especially, the interior monologue and the stream-of- consciousness. However, none of the three Japanese writers seem to have succeeded to use those techniques. It is noted that both Akutagawa and Ito were influenced by Irish literature, characteristically first by Yeats` poetry and then by Joyce`s novels. Both learned Romantic poetry and then transitioned to write fictions starting autobiographical novels like Joyce. Although Murakami has a more complicated literary background than these two writers, he is also influenced by Proust and nineteenth-century European writers as well as American hard-boiled writers. For these three hybrid Japanese writers, James Joyce is a very provocative writer. They enthusiastically learned Western literature and tried to compound the elements of traditional Japanese literature and Western literature to create their hybrid literature.

일본어교육 교과서의 접속조사 “ト”의 조건표현 -만화, 평론, 일본어교육 교과서 용례 비교로부터-

이토사치코 ( Ito Sachiko ) 한국일본어교육학회 2016 日本語敎育 Vol.0 No.75

This study is based on two preceding studies on the usage of conjunctive particle “TO” in spoken language (Ito, 2007) and in written language (Ito, 2006), and aimed to verify the validity of example sentences in Japanese language education textbooks (“The Textbooks”), focusing on example sentences of the usage of “TO”. By comparing the characteristics of “TO” which are newly extracted from The Textbooks and that of “TO” in these preceding studies. The study was conducted by extracting example sentences of “TO” from various publications: 732 examples from comic books, 609 from critic essays, and 403 from The Textbooks (“Three Materials”). Extracted examples were classified into 36 classifications and observed. As a result of this study, three common characteristics of “TO” were observed in all Three Materials (comic books, critic essays, and The Textbooks). Firstly, there is a cause-and-result relationship between the clauses before and after “TO”. Secondly, most of the example sentences from Three Materials end with present tense. Thirdly, when an example sentence ends with present tense, in most of the case the example sentence shows “general conditions” (Suzuki, 1986), in another words, the sentence described a general nature which does not change by repetition. This results verified the validity of the example sentences in The Textbook, in terms of the basic characteristics of “TO”. This study also pointed out that more of example sentences of the usage of “TO” in the current Japanese language education textbooks are in the form of written language, rather than spoken language.

Local Bifurcation and Instability Theory Applied to Formability Analysis

B.D. Buco,M.C. Oliveira,J.L. Alves,L.F. Menezes,K. Ito,N. Mori 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6

Sheet metal forming components are typically studied with the aid of finite element method based virtual tryout tools, since they allow to save money, time and effort in the design, production and process set-up of deep drawn parts. In all these development phases the analysis of defects is performed with the aid of the material forming limit diagram (FLD), since it allows defining a safe region that reduces: (i) necking; (ii) wrinkling and (iii) large deformation occurrence. It is known that the FLD represented in the strain space presents some disadvantages. The local bifurcation criterion proposed by Ito and Goya defines the critical state for a local bifurcation to set in, as a function of the stress level to work-hardening rate ratio. Thus, the main advantage is that the FLD represented in the stress plane is completely objective [1]. In this work the Ito and Goya model is used to evaluate formability, as well fracture mode and direction along different strain paths: (i) uniaxial tension; (ii) equibiaxial stretch; and (iii) plane-strain. All numerical simulations are performed with the in-house code DD3IMP [2, 3] and NXT [4] in which the Ito and Goya model is implemented, is applied to analyze the results.

Experimental Research for Performance and Noise of Small Axial Fan

Ito, Takahiro,Minorikawa, Gaku,Fan, Qinyin Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2009 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.2 No.2

Small axial fans have become widely used as cooling devices in recent years. Because of their increasing importance, studies have been conducted on ways to improve the performance and reduce the noise of such fans. In this report, a small axial fan with a diameter of 85 mm (a type popularity used in personal computer or workstation) was selected for further examination. The influence on aerodynamic performance and noise of such frame design parameters as blade tip clearance results in a decrease of discrete frequency noise and an increase of broad-spectrum noise. As for the most suitable design refinement in terms of fan efficiency, we found that the treatment of outlet corner roundness and altering spoke skew to the direction counter to that of fan rotation was effective.

Importance of sandy bottoms in coral reefs to the oscillation of daily rhythms in the tropical wrasse <i>Halichoeres trimaculatus</i>

Ito-Takeuchi, Hitomi,Takahashi, Kai,Bouchekioua, Selma,Yamauchi, Chihiro,Takeuchi, Yuki,Hur, Sung-Pyo,Lee, Young-Don,Takemura, Akihiro Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2017 Chronobiology international Vol.34 No.8

<P>Most wrasse species swim during the day and bury themselves in the sandy bottoms of shallow reefs at night. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of sandy bottoms to the day-active/ night-inactive rhythmicity of the tropical wrasse Halichoeres trimaculatus. Actogram analysis revealed that fish were active during the photophase and inactive during the scotophase in aquariums with both sandy and bare bottoms. When fish were kept in aquariums with bare bottoms, rhythmicity was maintained under constant dark conditions (DD) but became obscured under constant light conditions (LL), suggesting that a day-active/night-inactive rhythmicity is regulated by the circadian system. Robust fluctuations in Period1 (wPer1) and Period2 (wPer2) expression were observed in the pectoral fin tissue under light-dark conditions (LD). Similar fluctuations in wPer1 expression persisted under DD. When fish were kept under LD conditions for 7 days and then DD for 20 days, the emergence of fish from the sandy bottom was delayed gradually. At the same time, the peak time of wPer1 expression under DD was retarded from 06: 00 to 10:00. Although wPer2 expression was dampened under DD, it increased after exposing fish to light. These results suggest that wPer1 and wPer2 are differentially involved in the day-active/ night-inactive rhythmicity, and that blocking light with a sandy bed at night and exposing fish to light during emergence in the morning play important roles in maintaining consistent activities in wrasse species.</P>

Absorption Spectroscopy of Biological Specimens Near X-ray Absorption Edges of Constituent Elements

Ito, Atsushi,Shinohara, Kunio Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2

Absorption spectra of biological specimens in the soft X-ray region have been presented with special reference to the XANES (X-ray absorption Near Edge Structure) of constituent elements. Absorption spectrum in this wavelength region is characterized by the absorption edges from which elemental content could be derived. In addition, XANES has a characteristic profile for chemical environment around the element such as chemical bond. Using the specific absorption peak we can assign not only the chemical bond but also molecules having such a chemical bond. In the present paper, absorption spectrum of DNA was measured in the wavelength range from 1.5nm to 5nm. Spectrum of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells was compared with the DNA spectrum. XANES were distinct at the K absorption edges of major elements, C, N and O. In the spectrum of the cells prominent peaks at the L absorption edge of minor element Ca were also detectable. XANES profiles in small local areas in a cell could also be measured in combination with X-ray microscopy. These give information about local chemical environment in a cell. XANES at the phosphorus K absorption edge in a human HeLa cell was successfully obtained corresponding to a sharp and intensive XANES peak of DNA.

現代高校生の語彙表現と心象風景の一斷面 -「高校生川柳」における語彙と主題を中心に-

( Ito Takao ),( Oike Shin ) 고려대학교 일본학연구센터 2015 일본연구 Vol.23 No.-

本稿は「高校生川柳」を對象として、「語彙」と「主題」という觀点から、今を生きる日本の高校生の言語表現の特徵を分析し、彼らの胸の內に映じた心象風景の一端を描き出そうとした。その結果、まず語彙という觀点では「母」が最も多く用いられており、そのほか、家族と自分に觀する語彙、季節.天候に關する語彙、家族以外の身近な人ケに關する語彙、情意的語彙、言語表現に關する語彙など、多樣な語彙に樣ケな意味や心情を託し、巧みな比喩や諷刺, ユ-モアなどを用いて、自らの心の懊にある世界觀を見事に表現していた。また、主題という觀点では、勉强.受驗に關する內容が最も多くを占めたが、そのほかにも學校生活や家族との關係、日常生活から社會問題におよぶまで、多岐にわたる分野の事柄を題材としており、彼らの關心の幅廣さが表れていた。そして、作品全般を通して、樣ケな現實の課題に腦みながらも、夢を持って一步一布、懸命に生きる日本の高校生の樣子が、生き生きと描かれていた。 The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the vocabulary used by Japanese high school students in modern society, centering on “High School Students’ senryu,” and imagined scenery. With respect to vocabulary, the results of the analysis showed that the most commonly used word was “mother,” and other frequently used vocabulary included words that were related to one’s family and oneself, weather and seasons, people around oneself other than one’s family, as well as sentimental words and words related to linguistic expressions. Students used diverse vocabulary to convey various meanings and sentiments and even used figure of speech, satire, and humor to express their worldviews. The most common theme, on the other hand, was related to studying and college entrance. Other common themes were school life, family relationships, and social issues. A wide range of themes were touched upon, showing that the students had broad interests. In all of the works, it was revealed that the students were striving toward their dreams despite the various real challenges and issues they were dealing with.

Synthesis of Highly Twisted and Fully π-Conjugated Porphyrinic Oligomers

Ito, Satoru,Hiroto, Satoru,Lee, Sangsu,Son, Minjung,Hisaki, Ichiro,Yoshida, Takuya,Kim, Dongho,Kobayashi, Nagao,Shinokubo, Hiroshi American Chemical Society 2015 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.137 No.1

<P>Highly twisted π-conjugated molecules have been attractive but challenging targets. We report here an efficient synthesis of highly twisted diporphyrins with 126° and 136° twist angles that involves an oxidative fusion reaction of planar aminoporphyrin precursors at room temperature. Repeated amination–oxidative fusion sequences provide a unidirectionally twisted tetramer. The twisting angle of the tetramer is 298°.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2015/jacsat.2015.137.issue-1/ja511905f/production/images/medium/ja-2014-11905f_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja511905f'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Equivalences and differences in conic relaxations of combinatorial quadratic optimization problems

Ito, N.,Kim, S.,Kojima, M.,Takeda, A.,Toh, K.-C. Springer-Verlag 2018 Journal of global optimization Vol.72 No.4

Runx3 expression in gastrointestinal tract epithelium: resolving the controversy

Ito, K,Inoue, K-i,Bae, S-C,Ito, Y Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009 Oncogene Vol.28 No.10

We reported earlier that RUNX3 is expressed in human and mouse gastrointestinal tract (GIT) epithelium and that it functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric and colorectal tissues. However, there have been conflicting reports describing the absence of Runx3 in GIT epithelial cells. A part of the controversy may be derived from the use of a specific antibody by other groups (referred to as G-poly). Here, we show further evidence to support our earlier observations and provide a possible explanation for this apparent controversy. We generated multiple anti-RUNX3 monoclonal antibodies and found that RUNX3 antibodies recognizing the RUNX3 N-terminal region (residues 1–234) react with RUNX3 in gastric epithelial cells, whereas those recognizing the C-terminal region (beyond residue 234) did not. G-poly primarily recognizes the region beyond 234 and hence, is unable to detect Runx3 in this tissue.Oncogene (2009) 28, 1379–1384; doi:10.1038/onc.2008.496; published online 26 January 2009