Effect of Oriental & Western Anti-Stress Agents on the Changes of the Salivary Gland of Rats under Restraint Stress

Hong, Jung-Pyo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Jung-Pyo Hong. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Effect of Oriental & Western Anti-Stress Agents on the Changes of the Salivary Gland of Rats under Restraint Stress. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 162-171, 1999.-Stress caused the changes in the neural, vascular and immune system of the body. If stress is mild so as not to exceed the adaptability of the body to it, the homeostasis of the body is maintained. Otherwise psychological and physical disturbances of the body may occur, ample evidence suggests that stress causes apoptosis of the cells, inducing morphological and functional changes of the tissue as the result of tissue destruction. These disorders are also frequently observed in the orofacial region(dentistry), including not only such paychological oral lesions as Iichen planus and geographic tongue but stress-related diseases like temporomandibular disorder and xerostomia. It is, Therefore, possible that anti-stress medicines and stress-reliving activities may prevent and treat the psychosomatic disorders. In the study, we intended to check whether anti-depressant and anti-stress drugs such as Fluoxetine, Bunsimkium and Bohyulanshintang(oriental herbal medicine) can prevent pathologic changes of the salivary gland under the restraint condition. Seven-week old sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups.: Group Ⅰ, normal control;GroupⅡ,rats were under the restraint stress placed in the stress cages; GroupⅢ, rats were administrated Fluoxetine (5mg/kg/day), p.o., under the restraint stress; GroupⅣ,rats were administrated Bunsimkium, p.o., for 10 days before applying the restraint stress also.; Group Ⅴ,rats were administrated Bohyulanshintang, p.o., for 10 days before they were placed under the restraint stress. The rats were sacrificed at day 0,1,3,5,7 of the experiment. The submandibular glands of the rats were sampled immediately. The levels of clusterin protein and mRNA in the tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and Northen blot analysis respectively. Our results were as follows. 1. Restraint stress induced apoptosis of the submandibular gland. 2. Restraint stress induced the expression of clusterin. The expression of clusterin reached the maximum level when the cellular apoptosis apparent and decreased after then. 3. Apoptosis was occurred on the acinar cells earlier than ductal cells by restraint stress. 4. In the Northern blot and immunohistochemistry, noremarkable difference of clusterin was found in between the normal control group and the Fluoxetine administrated-restraint stress group. 5. In Bunsimkium administrated-restraint stress group, apoposis was delayed. 6. In the Bohyulanshintang administered-restraint stress group, expression of clusterin increased with time and reached the maximum level at day 5 of the experiment and decreased after then. But apoptosis did not occurthrough all days of the experiment. The overall results suggenst that stress can induce pathologic changes in the salivary glands. By an early response to stress, clusterin is expressed in the glands to protect the glandular cells form the stress. But if stress is so strong and prolonged as to exceed the stress adaptability of the cells, then the cells may undergo apoptosis instead of producing clusterin. Administration of stress-relieving drugs such as Fluoxeting, BunsimKium and Bohyulanshintang may be useful in preventing and treating stress-related salivary glands diseases. Our results are thought to be useful to identify the mechanism of stress-related salivary gland diseases such as xerostomia. Hereafter, among the anti-stress medicines such as western medicine and traditional herb medicine, Bohyulanshintang with minimal side effect could be applied to effectively prevent and treat psychosomatic disease.

NATM 통신구터널 지보패턴에 관한 연구

홍원표,한중근,이상곤 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

우리나라에서 NATM 통신구터널에 적용되고 있는 암반분류형태 및 지보패턴은 지하철 도시터널과 같이 대형단면 터널에 적용되는 기준을 그대로 적용하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 NATM 통신구터널은 대개 소형단면터널이며 깊은 tal도에서 시공되는 것이 일반적이다. 따라서 NATM 통신구터널의 설계 및 시공시에는 적절한 지반암반의 정량화 및 공학적 분류법을 별도로 마련하여 이 분류에 근거한 적합한 지보모델을 제시할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 NATM 통신터널에 적합한 표준지보패턴과 암반분류모델을 7등급으로 구분 제시하며 제시된 암반 분류등급별 지보패턴에 대한 합리성이 터널시공사례에 대한 유한차분해석을 통해 검증된다. The classification of rock-mass and its reinforcement pattern used for Communication Cable Vault in Korea have been actually used such methods that applied to largesectional tunnel construction such as Subway urban-tunneling. However, in the case of small sized tunnel works for Communication Cable Vault which are generally adopted at deep depth, the proper reinforcing support model should be suggested on the basis of quantitative classification of rock-mass for design and construction. This paper presented standard reinforcement pattern and classification model of rock-mass for NATM of Communication Cable Vault. They are divided in to 7-categories of grades and reasonability of these suggestion is ascertained from numerical analysis for the construction of these suggestion is ascertained from numerical analysis for the construction of Tunnel.

우리나라 서남해안 해성점토의 전단특성에 관한 연구

홍원표,이양상,한중근 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1994 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

Saturated marine clays are consolidated under applied loads caused by deposit-process or human interruptions. The consolidation process results in densification and in turn increment of the undrained strength of a clay deposit. In a clay deposit, the undrained strength is increasing with the effective overburden pressure, which also increases wit depth. The strength variations with effective overburden pressure(or depth) is characterized by so called "Cu/P" ratio. In korea, the empirical formula proposed by Skempton has been used to estimate the undrained strength profile of a clay deposit without any sometimes varification of the applicability to clay deposits in Korea. In the thesis, the test data for some clay deposits along south -west coast in Korea were analized to test the applicability of Skempton formula. A new formula pertinent to the deposits was developed. Also, Initial elastic and secant moduli were studied.

韓國의 암발파 진동상수에 관한 연구

홍원표,엄영진,윤중만 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1995 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.25 No.-

암반지반에서 절토나 지하굴착을 실시할 때 암발파로 인해 진동과 소음이 발생하게 된다. 지반진동은 인접구조물에 손상을 주거나 인근주민에게 불쾌감을 주기 때문에 지반진동의 발생기구나 인접구조물에 영향을 미치는 매카니즘을 정확히 예측하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 지반진동에 대한 규준을 마련하는데 있다. 지반진동은 최대입자속도, 발파에너지, 진동원으로 부터의 거리에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구에서 산정된 진동식의 최대입자속도는 기존의 제안식보다 약간 작게 나타나고 있으나 진동원으로부터 50~100m 이내의 거리에서는 매우 유사하게 나타나고 있다. Vibration and noises are occured dut to rock blasting work for cutting and underground excavation performed in rock ground. It is very important to control the vibration produced according to rock blasting. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to estabilish criteria of vibration to control blasting. Vibration is influnced by peck particle velocity, blasting energy, distance from vibration source and strength of rock. The peck particle velocities estimated by the vibration equations presented in this paper are lower than those estimated by existing empirical equations but both show very similar within distance from 50m to 100m.

자기저항 동기전동기의 유한요소 모델링 및 정수 측정

홍정표,한성진,주수원 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1998 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

The Synchronous reluctance motor is a sinewave ac motor and it has cylindrical surfaces on both sides of teh air gap. The stator is conventional polyphase ac stator, while the rotor has internal flux barriers shaped to maximize the ratio of d-axis to g-axis reactance. This paper presents the finite element analysis and parameter measurement of the synchronous reluctance motor(SRM). The model motor is a 3-phase SRM with the segmental rotor and its rating is 0.175kw. The torque characteristic is analysed by finite element method and compared with that from measurement.

카드뮴중독의 조기진단을 위한 생물학적 지표탐색 : 요중 Metallothionein 배설량의 의의

홍연표,장임원,박정덕 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Metallothionein(MT) is a low molecular weight protein that is induced as a defence mechanism for cadmium(Cd) toxicity. In present study, urinary MT was determined using a competitive ELISA in Cd-exposed rats. In addition, measured the urinary, blood and renal Cd concentration and the urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-microglobulin(MG) and Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after Cd injection in Cd-exposed rats with doses of 0.8 and 1.6㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight, respectively. The urinary, blood and renal Cd were specific for Cd-exposure, that increased in proportional to dose of Cd. The urinary and blood Cd tended to slightly decrease, while renal Cd tended to increase by lapse of time after Cd exposure. This finding indicates that renal Cd is more specific than urinary and blood Cd for Cd exposure. The urinary excretion of MT showed a statistically significant increase in Cd exposed rats(0.8 and 1.6 ㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight). The increase of urinary excretion of MT was more evident at 7, 14, 28 days after Cd exposure than the changes of urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-MG and NAG. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between urinary Cd and urinary MT, β₂-MG, NAG and total protein were 0.4344, 0.3727, 0.3307 and 0.2099, respectively. These findings indicate that the urinary MT is more sensitive and specific than total protein, β₂-MG and nag for Cd exposure. The present results suggest that the urinary MT, using a simple and rapid competitive ELISA, is a valuable index and screening test in epidemiologic study for Cd exposed group.

혈액 내 구리, 아연 및 ceruloplasmin 농도에 흡연, 음주 및 신체적 활동이 미치는 영향

홍연표,강은용,신인철,최병선,박정덕,장임원,박진완 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases. Methods : At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regression analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron. Results : In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker(P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical with heavy smokers. Conclusions : This study suggested that copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.

유도선수들의 스포츠자신감 수준이 귀인형태에 미치는 영향

홍재표,차정훈,전승훈 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

The present study was designed to examine the effect of sport-confidence on attributional perceptions across male and female fencers. Judo athletes reported their sport-confidence, attribution perceptions on Sport-Confidence Inventory. CDSⅡ(Causal Dimension Scale Ⅱ) According to the previous research findings related to the theme of the study, it was hypothesized that the independent variables of trait sport-confidence. state sport-confidence influence the dependent variable of attributional perceptions. and the relationships between the two kinds of variables were examined using two-way ANCOVA. The implications of the study are as follows : Firstly. Trait sport-confidence and state sport-confidence of judo athletes significantly affected the locus of contorl dimension. Secondly. Trait sport-confidence and state sport-confidence of judo athletes significantly affected the stability dimension. Thirdly, Trait sport-confidence and state sport-confidence of judo athletes significantly affected the contro lability dimension.

리비아 대수로공사 지역의 지반특성

홍원표,남정만,김시현,이재호 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1996 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.26 No.-

리비아 사막지역의 지반특성을 연구하기 위하여 리비아 1단계 대수로공사가 실시된 지역의 지반특성을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 Sarir 취수원에서 Ajdabiya 저수조를 경유하여 Sirt 저수조까지의 대수로 공사지역을 따라 실시된 실내시험과 현장시험결과를 포함하고 있다. 이 지역은 내륙지역(Sarir 취수원에서 Ajdabiya 저수조까지)과 해안지역(Ajdabiya 저수조에서 Sirt 저수조까지)으로 구분하여 연구된다. 본 연구결과, 지표면 부근에 있는 모암(Cap rock)은 주로 Caliche나 석회사암(Calcarenite) 성분을 많이 띠고 있고, 이들의 깊이에 따른 강도변화는 발견할 수 없었다. 또한 모래에 대한 Ncl도 깊이에 대한 변화를 발견할 수 없었으나 이들을 종류별로 분류하였을 경우, N치가 약간 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 끝으로 해안지역의 점토에서는 지표면부근에서 조금 과압밀된 경향을 볼 수 있었으며, 내륙지역의 점토에서는 대단히 높은 팽윤포텐셜이 관찰되었다. To study geotechnical properties on Sahara desert of Libya, geotechnical characteristics in the region of the Great Man-made River Project were reviewed. A series of field and laboratory tests were carried out along the route of the conveyance lines from Sarir well field to Sirt end reservoir through Ajdabiya holding reservoir. In the view of geotechnical aspect, the research subject area can be divided into two areas ; one is the inland area(from Ajdabiya holding reservoir to Sirt reservoir). The results of this study showed that the cap rocks nearby ground surface were generally composed of caliche or calcarenite and variation of its strength according to depth could not find. Also, N value in sand did not show a trend of variation with depth however, the N value in the classified soil reveals tendency to increased. The clay of ground surface in the coastal area was slightly overconsolidated due to the desiccation of the surface soils. The clay in the inland area had high swelling potential.

'90年代 冷藏庫 디자인 戰略樹立을 위한 硏究

洪正均 全北大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

Goods and service get supply to the market have a begining of variety and a large size, as well a new product and technique have developing by the economic growth and industrial development. In the field of home we have a replenished a may of house hold furnishing for a standard of living elevation and a life of scientifically. This thesis will briefly review about the which, refrigerator have make a necessaries of home and a saturation goods of market, namely, a extension late of 90%. Three company on domestic home applicances have been carry out design policy that make a selection refrigerator a central sale goods, because promote in phase of goods, Major purpose of this thesis are that the companies establish design policy which is coincident with needs of consummer, as present of logical solution throught the environmental analysis of refrigerator which accupying the first place, and have called the major term of house hold goods, in the scale of an offering amount.