Effect of light touch on body sway during a stable posture with blocked visual information

Kim, Jong-Gun,Kim, Jin-Hong,Do, Kwang-Sun,Yim, Jongeun korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation 2016 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.5 No.3

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how light touch with a finger affects balance ability when a posture is maintained in the condition of visual information blockage and to provide a fundamental material for developing balance ability in the process of rehabilitation treatment. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study subjects were 17 healthy men and women in their twenties and thirties who were studying at S University in Seoul. The system was comprised of an equilateral triangular force platform. Subjects were asked to step on the foot position of the force platform (Good Balance, Finland) barefooted for 30 seconds, with eyes closed, hands hanging down loosely, and feet comfortably apart. It was connected to a laptop by using Bluetooth technology. An experiment was conducted in the following three circumstances: 1) no-touch trial, 2) light touch to the back (T7 area), and 3) light touch to the middle finger of the left hand. Each subject was given a 10-minute break between consecutive measurements. The experimental circumstances were performed randomly. Anteroposterior sway (APSV), mediolateral sway velocity (MLSV), and velocity moment (VM) were measured. Results: The APSVs (mm/s) were $9.32{\pm}3.37$ and $5.45{\pm}2.98$; the MLSVs (mm/s), $6.39{\pm}3.35$ and $3.31{\pm}2.48$; and VM ($mm^2/s$), $17.13{\pm}11.75$ and $6.76{\pm}8.31$ in the first and second experimental circumstances, respectively. APSV, MLSV, and VM values were significantly improved with the 1) no-touch trial and 2) light touch to the back trail conditions compared with the 3) light touch to the middle finger of the left hand condition (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed that the balance ability for maintaining a body posture was influenced more by light touch to the back (T7) than by light touch with the sensitive fingertip and body sway diminished after visual information was blocked.

Area-efficient Transposable Crossbar Synapse Memory Using 6T SRAM Bit Cell for Fast Online Learning of Neuromorphic Processors

Jongeun Koo,Jinseok Kim,Sungju Ryu,Chulsoo Kim,Jae-Joon Kim 대한전자공학회 2020 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.20 No.2

We present a transposable crossbar synapse memory using 6T SRAM bit cell to speed up online learning of neuromorphic processors at minimal area cost. Based on the proposed integrated transposable row addressing scheme using a row-transition multiplexer, fast write and read operations are made possible for both row-wise and column-wise accesses in an integrated 6T SRAM bit cell array at much smaller area cost compared to the previous works. A 256×256 4-bit transposable synapse memory was implemented in a 28 nm CMOS technology, which had 26% area overhead against the non-transposable 6T synapse memory. The estimated performance gains for unsupervised learning algorithms of spiking neural network and restricted Boltzmann machine using the MNIST data set were 6.3× and 19.3× respectively compared to the non-transposable synapse memory.

The effect of applying a head-weight device on cervical angle and pain of neck muscles

Kim, Jin-Hong,Kim, Jong-Gun,Do, Kwang-Sun,Yim, Jongeun korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation 2016 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.5 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the change in pain threshold of levator scapular muscle, carniovertebral angle, and head position angle when applying a head-weight device on healthy adult. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted with 21 healthy adult male and female who voluntarily agreed to participate in this study after being informed of the purpose and method of this study. After measuring the cervical angle and pain threshold of levator scapular muscle, subject was instructed to walk for 5 minutes on a treadmill at a speed of less than 5 km/h while wearing after wearing head-weight device of 0.5 kg. Then, cervical spine angle and pain threshold of levator scapula muscle were re-measured. Measurement of cervical spine angle was conducted with photo by using the Bluebeam Revu software and the pain pressure thresholds (PPTs) were measured using an electronic algometer over potential trigger points on the body. Results: The results cervical angle showed a significant change, from $49.62^{\circ}$ to $52.10^{\circ}$ (p<0.05). PPT showed a significant change, from 30.71 to 36.89 (p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that applying head-weight device has a positive influence on increasing cervical angle and reducing pain when applied as a therapeutic intervention method of forward head posture.

Changes in the quadriceps-to-hamstring muscle ratio during wall squatting according to the straight leg raise test angle

Kim, Jaeeun,Kim, HyeonA,Lee, JuYeong,Lee, HoYoung,Jung, Hyoseung,Cho, YunKi,Choi, HyeMin,Yi, Donghyun,Kang, Daewon,Yim, Jongeun korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation 2019 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.8 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activity ratio of the lower limb according to changes in straight leg raise (SLR) test angles on hamstring muscle shortening during squat exercises. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The subjects were 14 healthy adults who were informed of and agreed to the method and purpose of the study. The participants were classified into SLR groups according to two angles (over $80^{\circ}$ or under $80^{\circ}$) assessed using the SLR tests. After training and practicing the wall squat posture to be applied to the experiment, electromyography (EMG) was used to measure changes in muscle activity during the performance of a wall squat. After stretching, a sequence of pre-stretch tests were performed again, and the active and passive SLR tests were also reconducted; thereafter, a wall squat was performed again by attaching EMG electrodes. The EMG results before and after stretching were compared. Results: The muscle activity of the vastus lateralis oblique muscle increased in both groups. The muscle activity of the vastus medialis oblique muscle decreased in over both group. Rectus femorus activity increased in the under 80-degree groups but decreased in the over 80-degree group. The muscle activity of the biceps femoris muscle decreased after stretching in the over 80-degree group and increased in the under 80-degree group, and the semitendinosus muscle activity after stretching was decreased. The quadriceps-to-hamstring muscle (Q:H) ratio before and after stretching between groups showed that the hamstring muscle ratio decreased after stretching in both groups. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the Q:H ratio before and after stretching between groups was not significantly different.

Efficient Synapse Memory Structure for Reconfigurable Digital Neuromorphic Hardware

Kim, Jinseok,Koo, Jongeun,Kim, Taesu,Kim, Jae-Joon Frontiers Media S.A. 2018 Frontiers in neuroscience Vol.12 No.-

<P>Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have high potential to process information efficiently with binary spikes and time delay information. Recently, dedicated SNN hardware accelerators with on-chip synapse memory array are gaining interest in overcoming the limitations of running software-based SNN in conventional Von Neumann machines. In this paper, we proposed an efficient synapse memory structure to reduce the amount of hardware resource usage while maintaining performance and network size. In the proposed design, synapse memory size can be reduced by applying presynaptic weight scaling. In addition, axonal/neuronal offsets are applied to implement multiple layers on a single memory array. Finally, a transposable memory addressing scheme is presented for faster operation of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) learning. We implemented a SNN ASIC chip based on the proposed scheme with 65 nm CMOS technology. Chip measurement results showed that the proposed design provided up to 200X speedup over CPU while consuming 53 mW at 100 MHz with the energy efficiency of 15.2 pJ/SOP.</P>

ATM 네트워크상에서 EFCI와 ER을 결합한 ABR 트래픽 제어에 관한 연구

김종은(Jongeun Kim),우현구(Hyungoo Woo),김봉기(Bonggi Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2000 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.5 No.2

ATM 네트워크상의 ABR 서비스는 네트워크 상에서 예약형 서비스가 사용하고 남은 대역폭을 활용하여 데이터를 전송하는 방식으로 제어정보를 전송하는 피드백 매커니즘을 사용하여 네트워크상의 정체를 제어한다.<br/> 본 논문에서는 ATM 네트워크 상에서 효율적인 정체 제어를 위하여 ABR 트래픽 서비스의 전송률 제어 방식인 EFCI와 ER방식의 장점을 결합하여 네트워크 정체 상태에 따른 적응적인 제어방식을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안된 제어방식의 주기적인 특성과 전송된 셀의 양을 분석 제시한다. One of the main features of ABR service is the employment of a rate-based flow control mechanism, and congestion control plays an important role in the effective and stable operation of ATM networks. Feedback from the network switches to the end system gives users the information necessary to adjust transmission rates appropriately according to the current networks load. Congestion controls by feedback mechanism are classified as EFCI and ER mode.<br/> We analyze the performance of EFCI and ER and propose a new ABR traffic control strategy by integrating EFCI and ER modes to improve the traditional traffic control. Through the distributed simulation, the performance improved by the proposed control strategy is analyzed.

Effect of Workload on Musculoskeletal Degeneration

Youngki Kim,Jongeun Kim,Dongmug Kang,Soohong Park 대한인간공학회 2014 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.33 No.6

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of workload on musculoskeletal degeneration. Background: It is important that workers maintain a health body for a long time as a measure of aging workers. In order do so, it is necessary to find out if workload can effect on musculoskeletal degeneration. Method: Epidemiological studies on workload or occupation and disc degeneration, osteoarthritis of knee were identified through database and bibliography searches. Results: Epidemiological studies showed that workload certainly effect on musculoskeletal degeneration. But we couldn"t know which of individual factors and occupational factors further contribute to the musculoskeletal degeneration. And we could find that studies on workload and genetic factors were very few. In addition, there was also very few studies that it was possible interaction between individual factors as obesity and occupational factors as heavy manual lifting. Conclusion: Our reviews suggest that it need to conduct study between workload and genetic factors for musculoskeletal degeneration. This further study can identify attributable risk of workload for musculoskeletal degeneration, and contribute to the measure of aging workers. Application: This paper can help to establish research plan for the measure of aging workers.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Attenuates the Development of Two-Kidney, One Clip Hypertension in Rats

Lee, Jongeun,Whang, Sung-Shick,Kim, Young-Jae,Kim, Hyosung,Choi, Ki Chul Chonnam National UniversityResearch Institute of 1990 Chonnam journal of medical sciences Vol.3 No.2

이기종 설비에서 독립 작업의 휴리스틱 일정계획 비교 연구

김종은(Jongeun Kim),이태희(Tehie Lee),유우식(Woo-Sik Yoo) 대한산업공학회 2022 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

생명과학 교과서에 제시된 삽화의 실물 크기에 대한 학생들의 인식

김종은 ( Jongeun Kim ),동효관 ( Hyo Kwan Dong ),김용진 ( Yong-jin Kim ) 한국생물교육학회 2018 생물교육 Vol.46 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze the students’ perceptive ability for the real thing’s size through illustration’s scale in Life Science I textbook. The students’ understanding for the illustrations is investigated by the questionnaire methods for the 200 high school students who completed Life Science I course. The most of illustrations in Life Science I textbooks didn’t show the actual size’s scale for the object, but the some cases of photographs by microscope showed the scale bar or magnification ratio. Most of the students had difficulty in understanding the scale of SI unit (μm, nm) and predicting the actual size through the illustrations. The students preferred scale bar to magnification ratio as the way to show the actual size’s scale in teaxtbook’s illustrations. To promote the students’ understanding for the actual size of real things through the Life Science textbook’s illustrations, it is necessary for the students to have a lesson for illustration’s explanation and an observation experience using microscope in Life Science’s class.