발효조를 이용한 Monascus anka의 적색소와 황색소의 생산

강성국,임종환,정순택,김선재 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Monascus anka를 이용하여 천연식용색소를 대량생산하기 위한 방법을 개발하기 위하여 발효조를 이용하여 적색소와 황색소의 색소생산의 최적 배양 조건과 생산된 색소의 색깔 특성을 조사하였다. Monascus anka 적색소와 황색소를 생산하였는데, 이들 색소는 균체내색소와 균체외 색소로 구분되었다. 균체의 적색소(ERP)는 494nm에서, 균체외 황색소(EYP)는 380nm에서, 균체내 적색소(IRP)는 506nm에서 그리고 균체내 황색소(IYP)는 388nm에서 최대 흡광도를 나타냈다. 적색소와 황색소 생산, 색조의 특성 및 균체증식력을 배양 온도, pH, 쌀가루 농도, peptone 농도, magnesium sulfate 농도, 통기량 및 교반속도에 대하여 조사한 결과 적색소 생산력은 30℃, 초기 pH 6.0, 쌀가루 농도 3~5%, peptone 농도 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 농도 0.25%, 통기량 0.1vvm 교반속도 300rpm의 조건에서 최대치를 보였으며, 이때 ERP, EYP, IRP 및 IYP는 각각 A_494nm 0.84, A_380 nm 0.71, A_506 nm 1.18, A_388 nm 1.10, L값은 각각 29.40, 6.44, 34,98, 8.94, a값은 각각 5.76, -1.08, 11.83, -1.55, b값은 각각 18-19, 3.41 27.26, 6.16 그리고 균체량은 7.4 g/l을 보였다. 또한 황색소 생산력은 온도의 경우 적색소 생산을 위한 최적온도 보다 높은 35℃ 부근에서 우수하였으며 초기 pH와 쌀가루 농도는 적색소 생산을 위한 최적조건과 같았고, 질소원과 무기염의 농도가 높을수록 그리고 통기량이 많을수록 황색소 생산력이 우수하였다. 적색소와 황색소 생산을 위한 발효조의 교반속도는 100~300 rpm이 적합하였다. Production of Red and Yellow Pigments from Monascus anda in a Jar Fermenter, Seong-Gook Kang, Jong-Whan Rhim, Soon-Teck Jung^* and Sun-Jae Kim. Department of Food Engineering. Mokpo National University Chonnam, 534-729, Korea - In order to develop the method for mass production of natural food colorant from Monascus anka, optimum cultivation conditions for producing red and yellow pigments by cultivating the mold in a jar fermenter and their color characteristics were investigated. The mold produced red and yellow pigments both intracellularly and extracellularly. These pigments showed unique light absorption characteristics with maximum absorption of 494, 380, 506, and 388 nm for extracellular red pigment (ERP), extracellular yellow pigment (EYP), intracellular red pigment (IRP), and intracellular yellow pigment (IYP), respectively. Optimum conditions for producing red pigments were found to be temperature 30℃, initial pH 6.0, rice powder 3~5%, peptone 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 0.25%, aeration rate 0.1vvm. Optimum temperature for producing yellow pigments was around 35℃ which is higher than that of producing red pigments. The initial pH rice powder concentration for producing yellow pigments were the same as those of producing red pigments. The higher concentration of nitrogen source and inorganic salt, aeration rate, the more the yellow pigments were produced. Them optimum agitation speed was 100~300 rpm for pigment production.

유용미생물 고정용 세라믹 담체의 제조 및 부착능

김수룡,김용국,이종국,황인옥 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 2006 生産技術硏究 Vol.28 No.2

Effective micro-organisms (EM) increase the natural resistance of soil and plants, and it considerably improves the quality and fertility of soil as well as the growth and quality of crops. In this study, Porous ceramics were prepared with various ceramic types and were observed that EM was attached on the pores inside. EM was well attached on various porous ceramics. However, attachment ability of EM on surface was better than that of EM inside. Open pore is essential to attach EM inside of ceramics. From this result, potential application for environment purification ceramics was confirmed and made it to use in a field of environmentally-friendly.

생산시스템에서 평준화생산 수준과 재고 관계에 관한 연구

김종익,박노국 尙志大學校 生産技術硏究所 1998 生産技術論叢 Vol.5 No.-

In this paper, We research the following three things concerning to smoothed production that is the basis of Just-In-Time production. The first, basing on the definition of smoothed production in the previous papers. We develop the method of analyzing quantitatively the level of it. The method is analyzed and evaluated by the real date, too. The second, we develope the formula to analyze how the inventory changes as the level of smoothed production changes. The third, we develop the algorithm of building the schedule for smoothed production.

천안 제3산업단지 폐수처리장 시운전 연구

김종수,이국희,서준원 선문대학교 ·중소기업기술지원연구소 1999 선문공대 연구/기술 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

천안 제3산업단지 폐수종말처리장의 초기 시운전 3개월 동안 각 처리공정의 처리효율을 분석하고 조속한 정상운전을 위한 연구가 수행되었다 실제기준보다 낮은 유입수의 유량과 수질로 인하여 폐수종말처리장 각 처리공정의 효율은 낮은 것으로 나타났으나 설계기준에 부합되는 유입수가 유입되는 경우 총괄직 처리효율은 방류수 수질기준을 만족할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다 폐수종말처리장이 정상적으로 가동되기 위하여 유입수의 유량과 수질이 만족되어야 하며 매립지 침출수의 투입에 의한 빈부하의 방지는 질소와 인의 부하량을 높여주기 때문에 공정의 변형이 요구된다 폐수종발처리장에 적용되는 환경영향평가상의 방류수 수질기준을 만족하기 위하여 추가의 제거공정이 필요하며 산업 단지 입주업체의 증가는 유기물 부하를 높일 수 있으나 정상가동을 위하여 적절한 수질분석이 이루어져야 한다 The start-up operation of wastewater treatment plant at Chunan 3rd industrial complex was carried out to accelerate steady-state operation by evaluating each treatment process for three months The significantly lower values of flow rate and biodegradable organic matter in influent than those of design criteria significantly affected the performance of the treatment plant, however, the treatment plant would be able to satisfy the effluent discharge limits if the characteristics of influent met design criteria The combined treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste landfills to prevent low organic loadings required the variation of plant processes for additional removal of N and P due to eutrophication of receiving waterbody. Additional process would be required to meet the stringent effluent discharge limits by environmental impact statement. Since the number of dischargers at the industrial complex is expected to grow, regular analysis of water quality is required for effective treatment of wastewater

식물응집소 Vicia pallida Turcz. 및 개 적혈구에 의한 사람 혈청형에 관한 연구

金鍾哲,文國鎭 고려대학교 의과대학 1987 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.24 No.3

Some plant extracts are known to have biological activities as phytagglutinins (PHA's) and, in recent medicolegal studies, human sera were classified by their agglutination inhibiting properties to animal red blood cells. Vicia pallida Turcz. acts as pan-PHA to dog red blood cells. Therefore the author carried out agglutination inhibition test on Vicia pallida extract to dog red blood cells with 851 human sera, and the results are compared with known blood and serum types. The results are obtained as follows: 1. Human sera could be classified into two groups. One group inhibited agglutinating activities of vicia pallida extracts to dog red blood cells and the other did not. 2. The distribution of the former was 15% and the latter was 85%. 3. The agglutination inhibiting phenomena of human sera on Vicia pallida extract to dog red blood cells showed no constant relation with known blood and serum types such as ABO, MN, H, CI, Htr, PVI and CCI respectively. 4. This new classification of human sera is considered to be applicable to individual identification of blood stains.

한국의 정신분열병 외래 환자의 직ㆍ간접비용

박종익,송선희,서동우,장현종,이종국,장안기,김윤,이철,홍진표 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.3

연구목적 : 정신분열병 외래 환자의 직접 비용과 간접 비용을 추산해 보고, 의료 자원의 적절한 운용과 효과적인 배분을 위한 보건 정책의 기초자료로 사용하고자 한다. 방 법 : 정신분열병 진단을 받은 289명의 환자를 대상으로 6개월간 외래를 방문하면서 사용한 의료비와 시간을 조사하여 직접 비용을 추산하였고, 이 기간 동안 소실된 생산성을 간접 비용으로 환산하였다. 만성질환인 관상동맥 질환을 앓고 있는 환자 82명을 대조군으로 하여 비용을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 정신분열병 환자의 실업률은 72.1%였으며, 직장을 가지고 있는 경우에도 단순노무직의 비율이 64.5%로 매우 높았다. 정신분열병의 직접 비용은 평균 81.5만원으로 관상동맥 질환의 평균 71.5 만원보다 상대적으로 많이 추산되었으나 유의하지는 않았다. 간접 비용은 평균 645.6만원, 258.9 만원으로 정신분열병군이 2.5배 정도 높았다. 결 론 : 정신분열병은 다른 만성질환에 비하여 상대적으로 매우 고비용이 요구되는 질환이며, 보다 체계적인 비용의 추산을 통하여 양질의 정신 보건 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 토대가 마련되어야 할 것이다. Objectives : We have aimed to estimate the direct and indirect costs of treating out-patients with schizophrenia in Korea, to use this fundamental data for the effective management and proper distribution of the medical resource. Method : To estimate the direct cost, we surveyed the medical cost and time of two hundred and eighty-nine out-patients with schizophrenia for six months. And the lost productivity as many months was converted into the indirect cost. Those of eighty-two coronary heart disease patients were also estimated as a comparison group. Results : An unemployement rate of schizophrenic patients was 72.1 percent. Moreover the ratio of the laborer in the sample was, even if employed, 64.5 percent. The mean direct cost of schizophrenic patients was, about 815,000 won, higher than that of coronary heart disease, 715,000 won however it was not statistically significant. The former was also estimated 2.5 times more than the latter for the indirect cost, or 6,456,000 won versus 2,589,000 won. Conclusion : Schizophrenia is a relatively costly illness compared to other chronic illness, so the systematic estimation of the cost is necessary to provide mental health service of high quality.

마이크로프로세서를 이용한 직류서어보모터의 위치제어

蔣鐘國,金德奎 경북대학교 공과대학 1984 工大硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

Software-based speed control system for dc servo motor was designed. The designed system was consisted of a personal computer as a host computer, microprocessor based motor controller, and power drive circuit. System designed fully digital scheme used variable period PWM signal for wide speed control range of dc serve motor. Experimental result of the designed system showed that speed control range could be extended to 8% of duty ratio for the controlling PWM signal.

低蛋白食餌로 成長한 흰쥐에 四鹽化炭素의 投與가 肝損傷에 미치는 影響

尹鐘國,李芳子,金碩煥 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1983 科學論集 Vol.9 No.-

低蛋白 食餌로 成長한 흰쥐에 CCl₄投與가 肝損傷에 미치는 影響을 觀察할 目的으로 Sprague-Dowley 系 흰주 암컷을 飼料 100g 當 methionine 5㎎, L-lysine은 1㎎을 8% casein 食餌에 添加한 食餌條件을 低蛋白 食餌群으로 하고 15% casein에 低蛋白 食餌群과 同一한 量의 metheionine 및 lysine을 添加한 것을 標準蛋白 食餌群으로 하여 7週間 飼育한 후 體重 100g 當 50% CCl₄의 0.13㎖을 1日 1回씩 2일동안 皮下로 注射하였으며, 이때 對照群은 olive oil만 CCl₄投與群과 같은 요령으로 投與한 뒤 實驗動物을 屠殺한 후 實驗하여 다음과 같은 成績을 얻었다. 1) 低蛋白 및 標準蛋白 食餌로 7週동안 成長하는 동안 두 群사이의 體重 增加率은 有意한 差는 볼 수 없었으며 成長後 最終 臟器 무게도 兩群間에 有意한 差를 볼 수 없었다. 한편 CCl₄投與後 대체적으로 臟器(肝臟, 脾臟, 腎臟, 心臟)의 무게가 增加되었으며, 이 中 肝의 무게 增加率이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 低蛋白 및 標準蛋白 食餌群間에 CCl₄投與로 因한 臟器 무게의 變動은 대체적으로 低蛋白 食餌群이 標準蛋白 食餌群보다 적게 나타나는 樣狀을 보였으며 特히 다른 臟器에 비해 肝의 무게 增加率이 低蛋白食餌群에서 低下되었다. 2) CCl₄投與로 因한 肝細胞의 蛋白質 含量이 모두 減少되는 傾向을 보였으나 有意性은 없었으며 低蛋白 食餌群이 標準蛋白 食群보다 肝細胞質의 蛋白質 減少率이 低下되었다. 3) CCl₄投與後 標準蛋白 食餌群에서 血淸 GPT, GDA 活性은 顯著히 增加되었으며 低蛋白 食餌群의 血淸 GPT 活性은 有意한 增加를 보였으나(P<0.001) 標準食餌群보다는 增加率이 低下 되었고 血淸 GDA 活性의 變種은 低蛋白 食餌群에서는 對照群에 比해서 약간 增加되는 傾向을 보였으나 有意性은 없었으며 標準食餌群보다는 그 增加率이 低下됨을 알 수 있었다. 한편 CCl₄投與후 肝組織의 GPT活性値가 低蛋白 및 標準蛋白食餌群의 兩群 모두 減少되는 傾向을 보였으나 意義있는 變種은 아니었으며 兩群사이의 減少率은 有意한 差를 볼 수 없었다. 또한 CCl₄投與로 因한 肝 GDA活性의 變動은 標準蛋白 食餌群에서는 약간 增加되는 傾向을 보였으나 意義있는 變動은 볼 수 없었으며 低蛋白 食餌群에서는 有意한 增加를 보였다. (P<0.001) 以上 實驗成績을 綜合하여 볼 때 低蛋白食餌 條件으로 成長한 흰쥐가 標準蛋白 食餌群으로 成長한 흰쥐에 비하여 CCl₄로 因한 肝損傷이 적게 나타나는 것으로 생각된다. The effect of hepatic injury produced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄: 0.65㎖/㎏; S.C.) was studied on female rats receiving a low protein-high carbohydrate (8% casein) and a standard protein-low carbohydrate (15% casein) diet, supplemented with 5㎎ of methionine and 1㎎ of lysine in both diets. The weights of internal organs, i. e., heart liver, kidney and spleen, were generally elevated by the injection of CCl₄ to female rate fed low or standard protein diet. Especially the increase of liver weight was the highest whereas the liver weight increment of rats fed standard protein diet was greater than those fed low protein diet by the injection of CCl₄. In general, the other orgains weights of rats fed low protein diet were a tendency to remain stable as compared with those of rats fed standard protein diet during the acute intoxication of CCl₄. The injection of CCl₄ showed a greater degree of serum GPT, GDA activities in animals fed the standard protein diet as against those fed a low protein diet. On the other hand, the low degree of hepatic protein content was a tendency to reduce in rats fed low protein diet as against those fed a standard protein diet. In conclusion, the effect of low protein intake in increasing the degree of hepatic damage does not seem to be present when CCl₄ is the injuring agent.

지역사회내 직업재활 참여중인 만성정신질환자의 욕구 조사

이종국,황태연,한은선,김명식,이충순 용인정신의학연구소 1998 용인정신의학보 Vol.5 No.1

CBCT 영상에서 무치악부 임프란트 매식체 주위골 골밀도(HU)의 정량적 평가

구종국,김진수,김재덕 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2008 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.38 No.1

Purpose : The primary aims of this retrospective study were to compare subjective bone quality and bone quality based on the Hounsfield scale in different segments of the edentulous jaw, and to establish quantitative and objective assessment of the bone quality. Materials and Methods : Twenty eight randomly selected cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans were analyzed. For evaluation one hundred and twelve edentulous areas were selected. Implant recipient sites were evaluated visually for Lekholm and Zarb classification. The same sites were subsequently evaluated digitally using the Hounsfield scale with Vimplant2.0, and the results were correlated with visual classification. Data was subject for statistical analysis in order to determine correlation between recorded HU and the regions of the mouth with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results : The highest unit/mean density value (311 HU) was found in the anterior mandible, followed by 259 HU for the posterior mandible, 216 HU for the anterior maxilla, and 127 HU for the posterior maxilla. These results demonstrate a strong correlation for HU depending on the region of the mouth (p<0.001). The relationship between HU and type 4 bone was found to be significant (r=0.74). Conclusion : Knowledge of the Hounsfield value as a quantitative measurement of bone density can be helpful as a diagnostic tool by using CBMercuRay with Vimplant software.