A Literature Review of Clinical Studies Using Sa-am Acupuncture

Lim, Jinwoong,Kim, Yong-hwa,Kim, Yu-gon,Jeong, Hyeon-gyo,Shin, Kyung-moon,Shin, Dong-hoon,Jeong, Hwe-joon,Kang, Deok,Yang, Jae-woo,Oh, Ji-hoon,Yoon, Hong-ryoul,Jo, Jae-sung Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2021 대한침구의학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Sa-am acupuncture originated in the Chosun Dynasty and is a distinct feature of Korean medicine. It has been used to treat various diseases and conditions in clinical practice however, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of Sa-am acupuncture. We aimed to comprehensively review the clinical studies of Sa-am acupuncture retrieved from national and international databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and 3 Korean databases). There were 52 articles reviewed including 29 case studies, 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 4 uncontrolled trials. Neurological disorders were the most frequently studied, and kidney tonification, and directional supplementation and draining were the most frequently used methods. Overall, the outcomes were generally positive however, there were many additional treatments together with Sa-am acupuncture reported in the case reports, and the quality of evidence was low in the RCTs. Future studies should report the detailed method of practicing Sa-am acupuncture treatment and focus on the specific effect of Sa-am acupuncture with rigorous design to scientifically support the clinical use of Sa-am acupuncture.

Temporal and spatial expression patterns of Hedgehog receptors in the developing inner and middle ear

Shin, Jeong-Oh,Ankamreddy, Harinarayana,Jakka, Naga Mahesh,Lee, Seokwon,Kim, Un-Kyung,Bok, Jinwoong UPV/EHU Press 2017 The international journal of developmental biology Vol.61 No.8

<P>The mammalian inner ear is a complex organ responsible for balance and hearing. Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a member of the Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins, has been shown to play important roles in several aspects of inner ear development, including dorsoventral axial specification, cochlear elongation, tonotopic patterning, and hair cell differentiation. Hh proteins initiate a downstream signaling cascade by binding to the Patched 1 (Ptch1) receptor. Recent studies have revealed that other types of co-receptors can also mediate Hh signaling, including growth arrest-specific 1 (Gas1), cell-adhesion molecules-related/down-regulated by oncogenes (Cdon), and biregional Cdon binding protein (Boc). However, little is known about the role of these Hh co-receptors in inner ear development. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of Gas1, Cdon, and Boc, as well as that of Ptch1, in the developing mouse inner ear from otocyst (embryonic day (E) 9.5) until birth and in the developing middle ear at E15.5. Ptch1, a readout of Hh signaling, was expressed in a graded pattern in response to Shh signaling throughout development. Expression patterns of Gas1, Cdon, and Boc differed from that of Ptch1, and each Hh co-receptor was expressed in specific cells and domains in the developing inner and middle ear. These unique and differential expression patterns of Hh co-receptors suggest their roles in mediating various time-and space-specific functions of Shh during ear development.</P>

CTCF Regulates Otic Neurogenesis via Histone Modification in the Neurog1 Locus

Shin, Jeong-Oh,Lee, Jong-Joo,Kim, Mikyoung,Chung, Youn Wook,Min, Hyehyun,Kim, Jae-Yoon,Kim, Hyoung-Pyo,Bok, Jinwoong Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.7

The inner ear is a complex sensory organ responsible for hearing and balance. Formation of the inner ear is dependent on tight regulation of spatial and temporal expression of genes that direct a series of developmental processes. Recently, epigenetic regulation has emerged as a crucial regulator of the development of various organs. However, what roles higher-order chromatin organization and its regulator molecules play in inner ear development are unclear. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a highly conserved 11-zinc finger protein that regulates the three-dimensional architecture of chromatin, and is involved in various gene regulation processes. To delineate the role of CTCF in inner ear development, the present study investigated inner ear-specific Ctcf knockout mouse embryos (Pax2-Cre; $Ctcf^{fl/fl}$). The loss of Ctcf resulted in multiple defects of inner ear development and severely compromised otic neurogenesis, which was partly due to a loss of Neurog1 expression. Furthermore, reduced Neurog1 gene expression by CTCF knockdown was found to be associated with changes in histone modification at the gene's promoter, as well as its upstream enhancer. The results of the present study demonstrate that CTCF plays an essential role in otic neurogenesis by modulating histone modification in the Neurog1 locus.

Unexpected Situations in Elementary School Electric Circuit Lessons: an Experienced Teacher's Responses and Science Teaching Beliefs

Shin Chaeyeon,Song, Jinwoong 한국물리학회 2023 새물리 Vol.73 No.3

For this qualitative study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of unexpected situations that occur in sixth-grade electric circuit lessons in a South Korean elementary school, the causes of these situations, and factors affecting the teacher’s responses. We performed a detailed observation of electric circuit lessons taught by an experienced teacher and carried out pre-lesson and post-lesson interviews. The causes of unexpected situations were found to be students’ neglect of electrical components, poor quality electrical components, images in the textbook, and real-life examples and analogies used by the teacher. The situations considered unexpected by the teacher included an electric circuit that did not light up, incorrect experimental results, and student questions regarding the teacher’s real-life examples. The teacher handled these unexpected situations by explaining that electrical components are consumables, giving real-life examples, providing opportunities for inquiry, and limiting textbook use. These responses originated from the teacher’s belief that science teaching should be student-centered and inquiry-based, and needs to emphasize the relationship between science and real-life experience. The study offers implications for science education in general and the teaching of electric circuits, which presents significant difficulties for elementary school teachers.

Rank-Level Parallelism in DRAM

Shin, Wongyu,Jang, Jaemin,Choi, Jungwhan,Suh, Jinwoong,Kwon, Yongkee,Moon, Youngsuk,Kim, Lee-Sup IEEE 2017 IEEE Transactions on Computers Vol. No.

<P>DRAM systems are hierarchically organized: Channel-Rank-Bank. A channel is connected to multiple ranks, and each rank has multiple banks. This hierarchical structure facilitates creating parallelisms in DRAM. The current DRAM architecture supports bank-level parallelism; as many rows as banks can be moved simultaneously at bank-level. However, rank-level parallelism is not supported. For this reason, only one column can be accessed at a time, although each rank has its own data bus that can carry a column. Namely, current DRAM operations do not exploit the structural opportunity created by multiple ranks. We, therefore, propose a novel DRAM architecture supporting rank-level parallelism. Thereby, as many columns as ranks can be moved concurrently at rank-level. In this paper, we illustrate the rank-level parallelism and its benefit in DRAM operations.</P>

Bank-Group Level Parallelism

Shin, Wongyu,Jang, Jaemin,Choi, Jungwhan,Suh, Jinwoong,Kim, Lee-Sup IEEE 2017 IEEE Transactions on Computers Vol. No.

<P>DDR4 SDRAM introduced a new hierarchy in DRAM organization: bank-group (BG). The main purpose of BG is to increase I/O bandwidth without growing DRAM-internal bus-width. We, however, found that other benefits can be derived from the new hierarchy. To achieve the benefits, we propose a new DRAM architecture using the BG-hierarchy, leading to a creation of BG-Level Parallelism (BGLP). By exploiting BGLP, the overall parallelism grows in DRAM operations. We also argue that BGLP is a feasible solution in the cost-sensitive DRAM industry because the additional cost is negligible and only cost-insensitive area needs to be modified.</P>

Prediction model for estimating the effect of line-edge-roughness (LER) on device performance

Jinwoong Lee,Changhwan Shin 한국진공학회 2020 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2020 No.2

Inhibition of the Zeb family prevents murine palatogenesis through regulation of apoptosis and the cell cycle

Shin, Jeong-Oh,Lee, Jong-Min,Bok, Jinwoong,Jung, Han-Sung Elsevier 2018 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.506 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mammalian palate separates the oral and nasal cavities for normal feeding, breathing and speech. The palatal shelves are a pair of maxillary prominences that consist of the neural crest-derived mesenchyme and surrounding epithelium. Palatogenesis is completed by the fusion of the midline epithelial seam (MES) after the medial edge epithelium (MEE) cells make contact between the palatal shelves. Various cellular and molecular events, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are involved in palatogenesis. The Zeb family of transcription factors is an essential player during normal embryonic development. The distinct role of the Zeb family has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In mouse palate, the Zeb family factors are expressed in the palatal mesenchyme until MEE contact. Interestingly, the expression of the Zeb family has also been observed in MES, which is already fused with the mesenchymal region. The regulatory roles of the Zeb family in palatogenesis have not been elucidated to date. The purpose of this study is to determine the Zeb family effects on the cellular events. To investigate the functions of the Zeb family, siRNA targeting Zeb family was used to treat <I>in vitro</I> organ culture for temporary inhibition of the Zeb family during palatogenesis. In the cultured palate containing siRNA, MES was clearly observed, and E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, was still expressed. Inhibition of the Zeb family results in the suppression of apoptosis, increased cell proliferation, and defective cell migration in the developing palate. Our data suggest that the Zeb family plays multiple roles in the stimulation and inhibition of apoptosis and cell proliferation and efficient mesenchymal cell migration during palatogenesis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Zeb family is an essential player during proper palate development. </LI> <LI> Zeb family regulate apoptosis during palatal fusion. </LI> <LI> siRNA targeting Zeb family induce E-cadherin in remaining MES. </LI> <LI> Zeb family regulate cell proliferation and mesenchymal cell migration during palatogenesis. </LI> </UL> </P>

Q-DRAM: Quick-Access DRAM with Decoupled Restoring from Row-Activation

Wongyu Shin,Jungwhan Choi,Jaemin Jang,Jinwoong Suh,Yongkee Kwon,Youngsuk Moon,Hongsik Kim,Lee-Sup Kim IEEE 2016 IEEE Transactions on Computers Vol. No.

<P>The relatively high latency of DRAM is mostly caused by the long row-activation time which in fact consists of sensing and restoring time. Memory controllers cannot distinguish between them since they are performed consecutively by a single row-activation command. If these two steps are separated, the restoring can be delayed until DRAM access is uncongested. Hence, we propose Quick-Access DRAM (Q-DRAM) which discriminates between sensing and restoring. Our approach is to allow destructive access (i.e., only sensing is performed without restoring by a row-activation command) using per-bank multiple row-buffers. We call the destructive access and per-bank multiple row-buffers quick-access and quick-buffers (q-buffers) respectively. In addition, we propose Quick-access Trigger (Q-TRIGGER) and RESTORER to utilize Q-DRAM. Q-TRIGGER makes a decision whether quick-access is required or not, and RESTORER decides when to restore the data at the destructed cell. Specifically, RESTORER detects the proper timing to hide restoring time by predicting data bus occupation and by exploiting bank-level locality. Evaluations show that Q-DRAM significantly improved performance for both single-and multi-core systems.</P>

Line-Edge-Roughness (LER)에 의한 5㎚ FinFET의 문턱전압 변화 예측을 위한 인공신경망 모델

이진웅(Jinwoong Lee),신창환(Changhwan Shin) 대한전자공학회 2020 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.8