Molecular Phylogenetic Diversity and Spatial Distribution of Bacterial Communities in Cooling Stage during Swine Manure Composting

Guo, Yan,Zhang, Jinliang,Yan, Yongfeng,Wu, Jian,Zhu, Nengwu,Deng, Changyan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.6

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and subsequent sub-cloning and sequencing were used in this study to analyze the molecular phylogenetic diversity and spatial distribution of bacterial communities in different spatial locations during the cooling stage of composted swine manure. Total microbial DNA was extracted, and bacterial near full-length 16S rRNA genes were subsequently amplified, cloned, RFLP-screened, and sequenced. A total of 420 positive clones were classified by RFLP and near-full-length 16S rDNA sequences. Approximately 48 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found among 139 positive clones from the superstratum sample; 26 among 149 were from the middle-level sample and 35 among 132 were from the substrate sample. Thermobifida fusca was common in the superstratum layer of the pile. Some Bacillus spp. were remarkable in the middle-level layer, and Clostridium sp. was dominant in the substrate layer. Among 109 OTUs, 99 displayed homology with those in the GenBank database. Ten OTUs were not closely related to any known species. The superstratum sample had the highest microbial diversity, and different and distinct bacterial communities were detected in the three different layers. This study demonstrated the spatial characteristics of the microbial community distribution in the cooling stage of swine manure compost.

Spatial Heterogeneity of Bacteria: Evidence from Hot Composts by Culture-independent Analysis

Guo, Yan,Zhang, Jinliang,Deng, Changyan,Zhu, Nengwu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.7

The phylogenetic diversity of the bacteria in hot composting samples collected from three spatial locations was investigated by molecular tools in order to determine the influence of gradient effect on bacterial communities during the thermophilic phase of composting swine manure with rice straw. Total microbial DNA was extracted and bacterial near full-length 16S rRNA genes were subsequently amplified, cloned, restriction fragment length polymorphism-screened and sequenced. The superstratum sample had the highest microbial diversity among the three samples which was possibly related to the surrounding conditions of the sample resulting from the location. The results showed that the sequences related to Bacillus sp. were most common in the composts. In superstratum sample, 45 clones (33%) and 36 clones (27%) were affiliated with the Bacillus sp. and Clostridium sp., respectively; 74 clones (58%) were affiliated with the Clostridium sp. in the middle-level sample; 52 clones (40%) and 29 clones (23%) were affiliated with the Clostridium sp. and Bacillus sp. in substrate sample, respectively. It indicated that the microbial diversity and community in the samples were different for each sampling site, and different locations of the same pile often contained distinct and different microbial communities.

A new device built to measure the mechanical characters of the double ended tuning Fork

Guo Zhanshe,An Ying,Li Yilun,Wang Jinliang,Fan Shangchun 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.12

A new device is built to measure the mechanical characters of the double ended tuning fork which is used as the sensitive element ofresonant sensor. It is mainly composed of a three dimensional workbench, a force sensor, a servo motor, control circuit and a photodiode. Detailed theoretical analysis is carried out to verify the feasibility of the design and some experiments have been done to test the performanceof the device. Firstly, the calibrated result of the force sensor shows that the applied force possesses good linear relationshipwith the output voltage. Then, zero drift character indicates that the force drift is just 0.1N and the stability performance of the appliedforce is also detected. Finally, the axial force loading test is carried out. In conclusion, the above experiments prove that the designedscheme is right and reliable to measure the mechanical characters of the double ended tuning fork.

Molecular Phylogenetic Diversity and Spatial Distribution of Bacterial Communities in Cooling Stage during Swine Manure Composting

Yan Guo,JInliang Zhang,Yongfeng Yan,Jian Wu,Nengwu Zhu,Changyan Deng 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.6

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and subsequent sub-cloning and sequencing were used in this study to analyze the molecular phylogenetic diversity and spatial distribution of bacterial communities in different spatial locations during the cooling stage of composted swine manure. Total microbial DNA was extracted, and bacterial near full-length 16S rRNA genes were subsequently amplified, cloned, RFLP-screened, and sequenced. A total of 420 positive clones were classified by RFLP and near-full-length 16S rDNA sequences. Approximately 48 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found among 139 positive clones from the superstratum sample; 26 among 149 were from the middle-level sample and 35 among 132 were from the substrate sample. Thermobifida fusca was common in the superstratum layer of the pile. Some Bacillus spp. were remarkable in the middle-level layer, and Clostridium sp. was dominant in the substrate layer. Among 109 OTUs, 99 displayed homology with those in the GenBank database. Ten OTUs were not closely related to any known species. The superstratum sample had the highest microbial diversity, and different and distinct bacterial communities were detected in the three different layers. This study demonstrated the spatial characteristics of the microbial community distribution in the cooling stage of swine manure compost.

Bit-Level Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Composite Chaotic Mapping

Cai Yang,Haiyu Zhang,Jinliang Guo,Songhao Jia,Fangfang Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.8

Because the single chaotic mapping easily creates security weaknesses in the image encryption algorithm, the security needs to be improved. Aiming at this problem, a bit-level image encryption algorithm based on composite chaotic mapping (CCM-IEA) is proposed. First of all, the algorithm scrambles the plain image on bit level through the Cat mapping for the first time. And then the Henon mapping of two dimensional discrete is used to scramble for the second time. Finally, image diffusion is operated through the one dimensional Logistic mapping, and the data sensitivity is enhanced. The experimental results show that the performance of the CCM-IEA algorithm is better on the histogram, information entropy and correlation analysis. Compared with the single chaotic images encryption algorithm, the CCM-IEA algorithm has the ability to resist the information entropy analysis and correlation analysis. It can be seen that the CCM-IEA algorithm has high safety performance and good encryption effect.

Densifi cation of matrix graphite for spherical fuel elements used in molten salt reactor via addition of green pitch coke

Zhao He,Hongchao Zhao,Jinliang Song,Xiaohui Guo,Zhanjun Liu,Yajuan Zhong,T. James Marrow 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.4

Green pitch coke with an average particle size of 2 mm was adopted as densifier and added to the rawmaterials of conventional A3-3 matrix graphite (MG) to prepare modified A3-3 matrix graphite (MMG)by the quasi-isostatic molding method. The structure, mechanical and thermal properties were assessed. Compared with MG, MMG had a more compact structure, and exhibited improved properties of highermechanical strength, higher thermal conductivity and better molten salt barrier performance. Notably,under the same infiltration pressure of 5 atm, the fluoride salt occupation of MMG was only 0.26 wt%,whereas it was 15.82 wt% for MG. The densification effect of green pitch coke endowed MMG withimproved properties for potential use in the spherical fuel elements of molten salt reactor.