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Interactions Between Bisphenol A Exposure and GSTP1 Polymorphisms in Childhood Asthma
Tien-Jen Lin,Wilfried J.J. Karmaus,Mei-Lien Chen,I-Jen Wang 대한천식알레르기학회 2018 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.10 No.2
Purpose: Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure may increase the risk of asthma. Genetic polymorphisms of oxidative stress-related genes, glutathione Stransferases (GSTM1, GSTP1), manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, myeloperoxidase, and microsomal epoxide hydrolase may be related to BPA exposure. The aim is to evaluate whether oxidative stress genes modulates associations of BPA exposure with asthma. Methods: We conducted a case-control study comprised of 126 asthmatic children and 327 controls. Urine Bisphenol A glucuronide (BPAG) levels were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and genetic variants were analyzed by a TaqMan assay. Information on asthma and environmental exposure was collected. Analyses of variance and logistic regressions were performed to determine the association of genotypes and urine BPAG levels with asthma. Results: BPAG levels were significantly associated with asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.29 per log unit increase in concentration; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.081.55). Compared to the GG genotype, children with a GSTP1 AA genotype had higher urine BPAG concentrations (geometric mean [standard error], 12.72 [4.16] vs 11.42 [2.82]; P=0.036). In children with high BPAG, the GSTP1 AA genotype was related to a higher odds of asthma than the GG genotype (aOR, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.0223.06). Conclusions: GSTP1 variants are associated with urine BPA metabolite levels. Oxidative stress genes may modulate the effect of BPA exposure on asthma.
A Methodology to Build a Groutability Formula via a Heuristic Algorithm
Chien-Lin Huang,Jen-Chen Fan,Kuo-Wei Liao,Tsung-Hsun Lien 대한토목학회 2013 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.17 No.1
The goal of this study is to provide a methodology to develop a groutability (N) formula of sandy silt soils using microfine cement grouts in a permeation grouting. Because the Fines Content (FC) of the sandy silt soils studied is relatively high, and the size of the grouts used is significantly smaller than the Portland cement, the existing empirical formulas cannot deliver a promising prediction of N. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) is an alternative tool used to predict N. However, SVMs do not provide an explicit formula,which creates an obstacle for practical engineers. Thus, a heuristic algorithm (the Tabu search, TS) was used to build the prediction formula. A total of 240 in-situ data samples were analyzed to ensure the accuracy of the proposed formula. The format of the existing empirical formula was adopted in the proposed TS-based formula. Four parameters were considered in our TS models: the effective soil particle size (D10), the soil particle size (D15), the water-to-cement ratio (w/c) and the FC. The prediction accuracy of the TSbased formula was approximately 94.17%, indicating that the proposed formula is a suitable tool. Because the proposed formula has a similar format to that of formulas that are typically used, the proposed approach can be implemented readily in practical engineering settings. Note that the proposed formula was only verified by the collected data samples, the suitability of applying the built formula to other conditions needs more investigation.
Mamillapalli, Narendra Chary,Vegiraju, Sureshraju,Priyanka, Pragya,Lin, Chih-Yu,Luo, Xian-Lun,Tsai, Hsiang-Chi,Hong, Shao-Huan,Ni, Jen-Shyang,Lien, Wei-Chieh,Kwon, Guhyun,Yau, Shueh Lin,Kim, Choongik Applied Science Publishers 2017 Dyes and pigments Vol.145 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A series of dialkylated tetrathienoacene (<B>TTAR</B>)-based solution-processable small molecular organic semiconductors have been synthesized and characterized for organic field effect transistor (OFET) applications. The central dialkylated <B>TTAR</B> moiety was end-capped with thiophenylvinylthiophene (<B>TVT</B>), bithiophene (<B>bT</B>), and thienothiophene (<B>TT</B>) to afford new π-conjugated p-type active materials, <B>DTVT-TTAR</B> (<B>1</B>), <B>DbT-TTAR</B> (<B>2</B>), and <B>DTT-TTAR</B> (<B>3</B>), respectively. The physical and electrochemical properties and theoretical calculations as well as OFETs performance and thin film morphologies and microstructures of these new soluble <B>TTAR</B>s are systematically studied. Using a solution-shearing method, <B>DTVT-TTAR</B> exhibits p-channel transport with the highest mobility of up to 0.18 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP>s<SUP>−1</SUP> and current ON/OFF ratios of 10<SUP>4</SUP>-10<SUP>6</SUP>, which is one of the highest hole mobilities for the solution-processed <B>TTAR</B>-based small molecules.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Synthesis and characterization of dialkylated tetrathienoacene derivatives as semiconductors. </LI> <LI> Various substituents as end groups for solution-processed p-type semiconductors. </LI> <LI> P-type transport with highest mobility up to 0.18 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP>s<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> One of the highest mobilities for dialkylated tetratheinoacene derivaties. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Chen-Ming Chen,Ming-Hua Chung,Tsung-Eong Hsieh,Bohr-Ran Huang,Huai-En Hsieh,Fuh-Shyang Juang,Yu-Sheng Tsai,Mark O. Liu,Jen-Lien Lin 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.4
The lifetimes of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been successfully enhanced with the modulation of LiF thickness and the utilization of encapsulating adhesives, which have been successfully and quickly synthesized with UV irradiation. Experimental results demonstrate that LiF and lab-made encapsulating adhesives can block the invasion of moisture as well as oxygen in the atmosphere into the OLEDs so that the lifetimes of devices with their encapsulation are 18-folds longer than those without encapsulation. The lifetimes of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been successfully enhanced with the modulation of LiF thickness and the utilization of encapsulating adhesives, which have been successfully and quickly synthesized with UV irradiation. Experimental results demonstrate that LiF and lab-made encapsulating adhesives can block the invasion of moisture as well as oxygen in the atmosphere into the OLEDs so that the lifetimes of devices with their encapsulation are 18-folds longer than those without encapsulation.