A Mathematical Programming for Supply Chain Network Design

Jaein Choi,Hokyung Lee,Soon-Ki Heo,Jongku Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10

미국 역사교육의 쟁점과 전망

최재인(Jaein Choi) 역사비평사 2015 역사비평 Vol.- No.110

Carter G. Woodson began the "Negro History Week" in 1926 to correct the distortions of African American history. Pressured by this effort and civil rights movements, President Ford announced February as a "Black History Month" and this has continued to celebrate the historical achievements of African Americans since 1976. Since then, African American histories and historical figures have made more appearances in history textbooks. However, according to researchers, these references are usually centered on black heroes in relation to the dominant white perspectives. This article suggests three alternatives to overcome these problems. The first is the teaching of minority group perspectives and positions, not just making fleeting reference to them. Students would better learn and understand others with different backgrounds from their own. The second is to stress that racial prejudice and social justice persists beyond the superficial multicultural education using minority heroes and holidays. The third is about the purpose and content of history education. History is not a simple chronicle, but a narrative with a viewpoint. Ideologies, values, and perspectives within the history narrative should be analyzed in history classes.

미국 다문화주의의 역사적 배경

최재인(Jaein Choi) 이주사학회 2009 Homo Migrans Vol.1 No.-

For a long time, America was regarded as a white men’s country. Even though native Americans and African Americans have resided as long as whites in the Unted States, they were not esteemed as fellow citizens by whites until the World War II. Through the World War II, the Cold War and the Civil Rights Movement, racism , racial practices, and the national identity of the Unite States suffered great change. It was the beginning of multiculturalism in the United States. This article points three features of American multiculturalism. First, the most important driving force of American multiculturalism came from the civil rights movement. Therefore, the opposition of the American multiculturalism is racism and Eurocentrism not assimilation. Integration and assimilation has been pursued by colored people as a way to be equal citizen with whites and a procedure to make a social and economic advancement. Historically, the assimilation has paved way for the multiculturalism in the United States. Second, American multiculturalism should be considered in the context of international society. The World War II and the Cold War stimulated white Americans to reflect their own racism. And a hostile foreign policy or a war against a specific country could be a barrier to the development of multi￢culturalism which seek to friendly relationship among various groups with different racial/national or cultural backgrounds. Third, the social, economic, and cultural hegemony of white middle class has kept going on with the rising of multiculturalism discourses. The centrifugal power of multiculturalism developed with the strong centripetal force of white middle class. Multiculturalism has changed the norms and ideals relating with race in the United States. Multiculturalism has encouraged racial/national minorities and women to have more confidence and self-pride. But these historical social background of multiculturalism is rarely mentioned and almost forgotten. As for the multiculturalism, it has different meanings according to the debaters. Some conservatives consider the multiculturalism as a kind of ethnocentrism that could be a harm to the unity of the country. Some radicals think that multiculturalsim hides the unequal situation and avoids to face the social and economic problems. These days, the most steady and ardent advocates are the corporations. With them, multiculturalism increasingly represents various life styles or tastes according to racial/national or gender difference, not social or economic inequality. The meaning of multiculturalism is changing, which is dependent on the racial relations, foreign policies, business marketing strategies, and international circumstances.

19세기 미국 여성운동의 시작과 노예제폐지운동

최재인 ( Jaein Choi ) 한국서양사연구회(구 서울대학교 서양사연구회) 2018 서양사연구 Vol.0 No.59

Some beginnings of U. S. women’s movement were closely related with anti-slavery movement. First of all, most of the feminist pioneers were abolitionists. Looking into the situation of slaves, female abolitionists could recognize the unequal social positions and the lack of rights of women. And encountering the opposition of male fellows against female lecturers, these women stood for the rights of women to speak and act in the public sphere. Second beginning was about Seneca Falls convention in 1848. This convention was the result of female activist experiences and knowledges which had been gained in anti-slavery movement. This convention led to many women’s rights conventions in various forms and levels in 1850s. Those who led these conventions were white middle class intellectual women. However, at that time African Americans such as Frederick Douglass or Sojourner Truth could join forces with them. Third beginning was about the departure of some activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan Anthony from the radical reformers who had been abolitionists. This departure was due to black male suffrage and a race priority policy which reformers and Republicans took at that time. Stanton and Anthony aligned themselves with racist Democratic politicians. This fluctuating process of women’s movement reminds us the difficulty and significancy of collaboration which is always necessary for women’s movement both internally and externally. (Seoul National University/thursday@snu.ac.kr)

“여공은 무엇으로 사는가”: 로웰 여공일세대의 정체성 모색

최재인 ( Jaein Choi ) 한국미국사학회 2019 미국사연구 Vol.49 No.-

로웰 여공 첫 세대는 미국사에서 처음으로 집단적이고 공식적으로 자기 주장을 펼친 여성들이기도 하다. 그들은 『로웰 오퍼링』을 비롯한 여러 간행물을 통해 자신들의 경험과 고민을 정제된 언어로 표현했다. 1830년대에는 회사 측의 임금삭감에 맞서 파업을 전개했고, 1840년대에는 주 의회에 10시간 노동제 입법을 위한 청원서를 제출하기도 했다. 이런 활동 과정에서 이들은 여성성에 대해 나름대로 새롭게 정의하기도 했고, 자신들의 미래에 대해, 그리고 바람직한 결혼과 부부관계에 대해 고민했다. 첫 세대 로웰 여공들은 경제활동인구이자 시민으로서의 여성의 삶을 새로이 모색하기도 했지만, 이런 시도는 오래 이어지지 못했다. 이들 중 소수는 작가로, 예술가로, 여성운동가로 새로운 길을 개척했지만, 대다수는 임노동시장을 떠나 가정주부로 살았다. 그러나 이들이 10대 혹은 20대에 여공으로 일하며 남긴 지적 문화적 혹은 개혁적 성취는 미국사에서 빛나는 전설로 남아 있다. 로웰 여공 첫 세대의 성취와 한계는 이후 여성 임노동자의 역사에서도 비슷하게 반복된다. 그런 한계의 저변에는 여성의 역할과 영역을 주로 가정에 한정하는 이데올로기가 자리하고 있다. The first generation of the Lowell female factory labor was the first female group in U.S. history to collectively and officially assert itself. This group expressed its experiences and ideas in refined language through several publications including the Lowell Offering and openly showed the economic independence that had resulted from their hard work. In the 1830s, they began a strike against reduced wages and the high intensity of the labor. In the 1840s, they petitioned the Massachusetts state legislature repeatedly for a ten hour per day labor system. Through these activities and writings, these women tried to define a new concept of womanhood in their own way. The first generation of the Lowell mill girls endeavored to devise a new lifestyle for women, but these attempts were short-lived. Although a few of them became writers, teachers, artists, and social reform activists, most of them lived as housewives. Nevertheless, their accomplishments remain legendary in U. S. history. These limits and accomplishments of female labor have repeated in modern history. It is related to the gender ideology that confines women to the private and domestic sphere.

지난 10년 미국여성사 연구 동향 - 하나의 시각

최재인 ( Jaein Choi ) 한국여성사학회 2014 여성과 역사 Vol.- No.21

이 논문은 지난 10년간 한국과 미국에서 나온 미국여성사 관련 연구물 중, 필자가 보기에 중요하다고 생각하는 책과 논문을 크게 세 방향으로 나누어 소개한다. 첫째는 트랜스내셔널하고 세계사적인 시각의 연구들이다. 둘째는 인종과 계급관련 연구이다. 지난 10년 사이 인종연구는 더욱 정교하고 다양해졌다. 인종 내에서도, 가사노동자, 성매매여성, 10대여성, 수감여성 등 다양한 처지에 있는 이들의 경험까지 포괄하면서 여성이 놓인 자리를 좀 더 구석구석 선명하게 드러내려는 연구가 많아지고 있다. 셋째는 젠더와 섹슈얼리티에 관련된 연구이다. 1970년대 여성사가 미국대학들에 개설되기 시작했을 때 여성사연구자들은 여성의 존재, 여성의 능력을 입증하는데 많은 힘을 쏟아야 했다. 이제 한 세대이상 지나며 연구능력이 축적되고 연구역량이 양적 질적으로 성장하면서 연구자들은 역사와 세계에 대한 여성의 책임을 생각하고, `여성이란 무엇인가`라는 좀 더 본질적인 질문에 접근하고 있다. 지난 10년 동안 한국에서는 미국여성사를 전공하는 연구자들이 등장하여 꾸준히 논문을 내기 시작했고, 다른 미국사학자들도 여성과 젠더에 높은 관심을 보이면서 연구 주제로 다루기 시작했다. This paper introduces the research trends of American women`s history in the United States and Korea. The first notable trend is transnational and global perspective. Beyond the border of the United States, following the movements of the people and the flow of the ideas and campaigns, researchers trace the origins of the matter and observe the interactions between different civilizations. The second is about the race and class. There has been a great deal of researches in this field for several decades. However, during the last 10 years, racial research has become more definite and detailed. Extending to the experiences of houseworkers, prostitutes, teenagers, prisoners and the like, this field is looking every nook and corner of women`s lives. The third is about gender and sexuality. In Korea, several scholars who major in American women`s and gender history have emerged. This field seems increasing with keen interests and attentions of many other historians.

메타버스 기반 소셜네트워크 플랫폼 사용성 평가

이재인(Jaein Lee),조은수(Eunsu jo),최은서(Eunseo Choi),임영재(Youngjae Im) 대한인간공학회 2023 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.5

산업안전보건 지시표지 시인성 개선에 대한 연구

이재인(Jaein Lee),최수지(Sooji Choi),엄소현(Sohyun Eum),임영재(Youngjae Im) 대한인간공학회 2023 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.5

도농복합지역 특성을 고려한 수요응답형 교통(DRT) 도입 전략 제안 연구

최준희(CHOI, Junhee),강민희(KANG, Minhee),송재인(SONG, Jaein),황기연(HWANG, Kee Yeon) 대한교통학회 2022 대한교통학회지 Vol.40 No.3

수요응답형 교통(Demand Responsive Transport, 이하 DRT)은 고정된 노선 경로나 운행계획표 없이 이용자의 수요가 발생했을 때 대응하여 운행하는 교통체계로 비수익 노선에서 효율적으로 운행할 수 있으며, 코로나-19가 확산된 판데믹 상황에서 기존 대중교통과 비교하여 회복탄력적인 교통수단으로 각광 받고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 무분별한 DRT 도입은 운행비용과 중복 노선을 증가시키며, 또한 기존 연구의 도입 논의지역은 국내에 대체로 존재하는 도농복합도시에 적용하기 어려운 한계점이 존재한다. 따라서 본 연구는 이를 해소하고자 DRT 도입 여부 및 유형과 DRT 운영을 위한 공간적 패턴 분석을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 경기도 남양주시를 대상으로 Hierarchical Clustering을 통해 DRT 도입 유형을 정의하고 K-Means Clustering을 통해 평일 승하차량을 기반으로 승, 하차 클러스터를 규정한 후, DBSCAN Clustering을 통해 유사한 특성의 정류장이 밀집된 클러스터를 도출하여 공간적인 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 남양주시 소 생활권 간 운행노선을 첨두 DRT, 노선확충형 DRT, 노선대체형 DRT 등 3가지 노선과 DRT 미도입으로 정의하고 주요시간대 별 공간적인 패턴을 확인하였다. 이를 통하여 도시 및 시가화 지역에는 첨두DRT, 노선대체형 DRT 혹은 DRT 미도입이 적절하며 통근, 통학 및 환승통행을 수행해야 하며, 농촌 지역에는 노선확충형 DRT를 도입하는 것이 적절하고 지역중심으로의 통행을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 DRT 유형에 대해 세분화하여 제안하였기에 국내 다수 존재하는 도농복합도시에서 DRT 도입을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있다. Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) is a transport system that manages in response to user demand without fixed routes and plans. Compared to the existing public transport, which has fixed routes, it is highlighted as an effective transport system in non-profit routes and resilient in pandemics by covid-19. However, the indiscriminate introduction of DRT causes operation costs to be higher and routes to overlap. Furthermore, related works have limitations that it is difficult to apply to the mixed area between the rural and urban areas which generally exist in South Korea. Therefore, we analyze DRT types for each route and spatial patterns for DRT operation. Inspecting Namyangju, South Korea, we re-define DRT types through hierarchical clustering and analyze spatial features using DBSCAN clustering after determining board-alight clusters by k-means clustering. As a result, we not only define an inter-neighborhood route as peak DRT, complementary DRT, alternative DRT, and needless a DRT but find a spatial pattern of time zone. It is appropriate to introduce peak DRT and alternative DRT or needless a DRT for commuting and transferring in urban and suburban. Whereas in rural areas, it is apposite to adopt the complementary DRT for feeder service. It may be utilized as data in the rural-urban mixed areas located in South Korea.

학교 급식실 근골격계질환 유해요인 조사에 대한 연구

이재인(Jaein Lee),엄소현(Sohyun Eum),최수지(Sooji Choi),임영재(Youngjae Im) 대한인간공학회 2023 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.5