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Synthesis of Acetins from Glycerol using Lipase from Wheat Extract
Pradima J,Rajeswari. M. Kulkarni,Archna Narula,Sravanthi Veluturla,Rakshith R,Nawal Rabia Nizar 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.57 No.4
New technology-driven biocatalysts are revolutionizing the biochemical industries. With maximum utilization of renewable feedstock, biocatalysts have been the basis for a major breakthrough. Lipases are the most widely established catalysts used for hydrolysis, esterification and transesterification reactions. In this research, a biochemical process that combines extraction of lipase enzyme from germinated wheat seeds and its application to valorize glycerol to acetins by esterification is presented. Acetins are among highly rated, value-added products derived from glycerol. The favorable conditions for the enzymatic conversion of glycerol were observed as glycerol to acetic acid molar ratio (1:5), reaction temperature (40 o C) and the amount of enzyme (20% v/v). 65.93% of glycerol conversion was achieved for duration of 15 h with the use of tert-butanol solvent. This method proposes to explore the viability of a biological route to convert glycerol derived from biodiesel industry to acetins with further streamlining.
Spectroscopic properties of artificial DNA nanostructures
Amin, R.,Kulkarni, A.,Lee, J.,Lee, C.W.,Park, S.H.,Kim, T. Elsevier 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.5
Structural DNA nanotechnology is a rational process for the construction of new bionanostructures. One of the important physical properties of bionanostructures is their optical behavior. The optical evaluation of DNA molecules is normally performed in the ultraviolet range for quantification measurements. Here, we have fabricated four geometrically different DNA nanostructures - a ribbon, a tube, and lattices without and with hairpin loops - based on a simple duplex DNA with crossover junctions. Then we evaluated the spectroscopic properties of DNA nanostructures for quantitative classification and differentiation of DNA samples in visible light instead of ultraviolet light. In order to achieve a good spectroscopic measurement, a polymer optical fiber with a micro cuvette-based spectroscopic system was implemented for good sensitivity.
Patil, S.S.,Patil, D.R.,Apte, S.K.,Kulkarni, M.V.,Ambekar, J.D.,Park, C.J.,Gosavi, S.W.,Kolekar, S.S.,Kale, B.B. Elsevier 2016 Applied Catalysis B Vol.190 No.-
<P>Ag3PO4 is a good photocatalyst but ubiquitously known for its photocorrosion problem during photocatalytic reaction. Therefore, stabilization of Ag3PO4 with retaining its fundamental properties has immense importance. With this motivation, we designed Ag3PO4 glass nanocomposite to resolve the problem of photocorrosion. Moreover, the effect of size quantization on photocatalytic activity has also been demonstrated by growing the cubic Ag3PO4 nanoparticles with size in the range of 3-9 nm in glass matrix via melt and quenching method. The band gap of Ag3PO4 has been tuned (2.56-2.25 eV) in glass matrix with respect to size. Considering the size tunable band gap of Ag3PO4 glass nanocomposite within visible region, it is demonstrated as a photocatalyst for hydrogen (H-2) production from copious hazardous waste H2S. The utmost H-2 production i.e. 3920.4 mu mol h(-1) g(-1) is obtained using 1 gm of Ag3PO4 glass nanocomposite powder. The apparent quantum yield for H-2 production is calculated to be 5.51% for Ag3PO4 glass nanocomposite. Interestingly, presence of plasmonic Ag was also observed in Ag3PO4 glass nanocomposite which contributes for H-2 production through enhanced light absorption, efficient charge separation and improved stability. Recycling study of sample reveals stable H-2 production efficiency and good stability of the photocatalyst. Surprisingly, catalyst can be reused many times and recovery of catalyst is possible just rinsing with distilled water. All these results demonstrate directly the feasibility of designing a new generation photocatalysts. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.</P>
Cannabinoids Induce Pancreatic -Cell Death by Directly Inhibiting Insulin Receptor Activation
Kim, W.,Lao, Q.,Shin, Y.-K.,Carlson, O. D.,Lee, E. K.,Gorospe, M.,Kulkarni, R. N.,Egan, J. M. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2012 Science signaling Vol.5 No.216
<P>Cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors have been previously detected in pancreatic β cells, where they attenuate insulin action. We now report that CB1 receptors form a heteromeric complex with insulin receptors and the heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein α subunit Gα(i). Gα(i) inhibited the kinase activity of the insulin receptor in β cells by directly binding to the activation loop in the tyrosine kinase domain of the receptor. Consequently, phosphorylation of proapoptotic protein Bad was reduced and its apoptotic activity was stimulated, leading to β-cell death. Pharmacological blockade or genetic deficiency of CB1 receptors enhanced insulin receptor signaling after injury, leading to reduced blood glucose concentrations and activation of Bad, which increased β-cell survival. These findings provide direct evidence of physical and functional interactions between CB1 and insulin receptors and suggest a mechanism whereby peripherally acting CB1 receptor antagonists improve insulin action in insulin-sensitive tissues independent of the other metabolic effects of CB1 receptors.</P>