INFLUENCE OF AERIAL FIRE FIGHTING ON INTENSITY OF RADIATION FROM FIRE

Iwata,Yusaku,Koseki,Hiroshi,Kon,Fumio 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

A large scale fire experiment was conducted through the collaboration between the Tokyo Fire Department and the National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD) for the purpose of studying the effectiveness of aerial fro fighting against urban fire. Ten model houses and ten collapsed model houses were arranged in an area of about <TEX>$2,000\;m^2$</TEX>. Water was dropped totally fourteen times by helicopters onto the model houses. In order to know influence of water drop, radiation was measured by four radiometers and four IR (Infrared) cameras, which were set around the burning area. In this report, the influence of aerial Ore fighting on fire was discussed in terms of irradiance and IR images. Data of irradiance, flame temperature and flame area showed that influence of each water drop continued only at most a minute.

Enzymatic characterization of <i>in vitro</i>-expressed Baikal seal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1: Implication of low metabolic potential of CYP1A2 uniquely evolved in aquatic mammals

Iwata, Hisato,Yamaguchi, Keisuke,Takeshita, Yoko,Kubota, Akira,Hirakawa, Shusaku,Isobe, Tomohiko,Hirano, Masashi,Kim, Eun-Young Elsevier 2015 Aquatic toxicology Vol.162 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aimed to elucidate the catalytic function of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1 enzymes in aquatic mammals. Alkoxyresorufin <I>O</I>-dealkylation (AROD) activities including methoxy- (MROD), ethoxy- (EROD), pentoxy- (PROD), and benzyloxyresorufin <I>O</I>-dealkylation (BROD), and 2- and 4-hydroxylation activities of 17β-estradiol (E<SUB>2</SUB>) were measured by using yeast-expressed Baikal seal (<I>Pusa sibirica</I>) CYP1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 proteins. Heterologous protein expression of the Baikal seal CYP1s (bsCYP1s) in yeast microsomes was confirmed by reduced CO-difference spectra and immunoblotting. Heterologously expressed human CYP1 enzyme (hCYP1) activities were simultaneously measured and compared with those of bsCYP1 isozymes. Recombinant bsCYP1A1 protein showed the highest <I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB> of EROD, followed by MROD, PROD, and BROD, similar to that of hCYP1A1. <I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB>/<I>K</I> <SUB>m</SUB> ratios of all AROD activities catalyzed by bsCYP1A1 were lower than those catalyzed by hCYP1A1, suggesting less potential for AROD by bsCYP1A1. Enzymatic assays for bsCYP1A2 showed no or minimal AROD activities, while hCYP1A2 displayed MROD and EROD activities. bsCYP1B1 showed an AROD profile (EROD>BROD>MROD>>PROD) similar to that of hCYP1B1; however, <I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB>/<I>K</I> <SUB>m</SUB> ratios of all AROD activities by bsCYP1B1 were higher. Yeast microsomes containing bsCYP1A1 and 1B1 and hCYP1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 metabolized E<SUB>2</SUB> to 2-OHE<SUB>2</SUB> and 4-OHE<SUB>2</SUB>, whereas bsCYP1A2 showed no such activity. Comparison of 4- and 2-hydroxylations of E<SUB>2</SUB> by CYP1As suggests that bsCYP1A1, hCYP1A1, and 1A2 preferentially catalyze 2- rather than 4-hydroxylation. As for CYP1B1, the <I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB>/<I>K</I> <SUB>m</SUB> ratios suggest that both Baikal seal and human CYPs catalyze 4- rather than 2-hydroxylation. Interspecies comparison showed that bsCYP1B1 has higher metabolic potencies for both E<SUB>2</SUB> hydroxylations than does hCYP1B1, whereas the activity of bsCYP1A1 was lower than that of hCYP1A1. Messenger RNA expression levels of bsCYP1s in the liver of Baikal seals indicated that bsCYP1A1 and 1A2 enzymes contributed to 16.2% and 83.7% of total CYP1s, respectively; bsCYP1B1 accounted for only 0.06%. Addition of anti-human CYP1A1 antibody in seal liver microsomes suppressed EROD activity more than did anti-human CYP1A2 antibody. Therefore, EROD may be catalyzed by hepatic bsCYP1A1 but not bsCYP1A2, consistent with the results of yeast-expressed bsCYP1A1 and 1A2. <I>In silico</I> substrate-docking models of bsCYP1s suggested that the defect in bsCYP1A2 enzymatic activities may be accounted for by the Pro substitution of highly conserved Thr in the I-helix, which is involved in formation of a hydrogen bond with the hydroperoxy intermediate on the heme. This Thr-Pro substitution is evolutionarily conserved across aquatic mammals and could explain their lower metabolic potential for persistent organic pollutants.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Catalytic activities of Baikal seal CYP1A1 were lower than those of human CYP1A1. </LI> <LI> Baikal seal CYP1B1 showed higher catalytic activities than human CYP1B1. </LI> <LI> Catalytic activities by Baikal seal CYP1A2 showed no or a minimal detectable value. </LI> <LI> Pro317 substitution appears to render seal CYP1A2 incapable of its catalytic function. </LI> <LI> This substitution is evolutionarily conserved in aquatic mammals. </LI> </UL> </P>

Studies on the possible role of thiamine in the central nervous system

Iwata, Heitaroh The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1980 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.3 No.1

Thiamine, in the form of its diphosphate (TDP), is well known to act as a coenzyme, and during the early stage in the study of thiamine it had been believed that the symptoms of thiamine-deficiency were resulted secondarily from the disturbance of metabolic processes in which TDP participated as a coenzyme. However, the neurological symptoms in thiamine deficiency are now separated from the metabolic disturbances in thiamine deficiency. On the other hand, the specific involvement of phosphorylated thiamine in nerve conduction has been suggested by von Muralt, but nature of this involvement has not been elucidated at a molecular level. Recently the possible significance of thiamine triphosphate (TTP) in nervous tissue was suggested by the demonstration that TTP is not present in the brain of patients with subacute necrotizing encephalomyelitis, a fatal disease associated with an abnormality in thiamine metabolism. Furthermore, the studies using membrane fragments of rat brain strongly indicated that ion movement across the nerve membrane is associated with dephosphorylation of phosphorylated thiamine.

SOCIALISM IN GENERAL CRISIS

Iwata Masayuki 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 1989 MARXISM Vol.- No.-

Pour introduire l’ « apprentissage coopératif » au programme de formation des enseignants du FLE.

( Iwata Yoshinori ) 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2013 한국프랑스어문교육학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2013 No.-

Performance Improvement of Slotless SPMSM Position Sensorless Control in Very Low-Speed Region

Iwata, Takurou,Morimoto, Shigeo,Inoue, Yukinori,Sanada, Masayuki Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2013 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.2 No.2

This paper proposes a method for improving the performance of a position sensorless control system for a slotless surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) in a very low-speed region. In position sensorless control based on a motor model, accurate motor parameters are required because parameter errors would affect position estimation accuracy. Therefore, online parameter identification is applied in the proposed system. The error between the reference voltage and the voltage applied to the motor is also affect position estimation accuracy and stability, thus it is compensated to ensure accuracy and stability of the sensorless control system. In this study, two voltage error compensation methods are used, and the effects of the compensation methods are discussed. The performance of the proposed sensorless control method is evaluated by experimental results.

Feasibility of Early and Repeated Low-dose Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Residual Pain in Acute Cervical Radiculopathy Treated with NSAIDS

Iwata, Toshio,Mitoro, Mari,Kuzumoto, Naoya The Korean Pain Society 2014 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.27 No.2

Background: To improve residual pain management in acute cervical radiculopathy treated with NSAIDs, the feasibility of early and repeated low-dose interscalene brachial plexus block (IS-BPB) needs to be assessed. Methods: This was a prospective study on patients receiving NSAIDs (loxoprofen) for cervical radiculopathy of ${\leq}2$-week onset. Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). A low-dose ultrasonography (USG)-guided IS-BPB (dexamethasone [1.65 mg; 0.5 ml] and mepivacaine [1%; 3.0 ml]) was performed at baseline and weekly thereafter for 4 weeks in an outpatient setting for the intervention group. All patients were evaluated using a visual satisfaction score (VSS) at week 4. Patients with baseline VAS scores < 70 (mild to moderate pain; MM group) and ${\geq}70$ (severe pain; SE group) were compared to the controls receiving NSAIDs. Results: A total of 316 IS-BPBs were performed in the intervention group. There was a significant difference in the decline in the VAS from week 0 to week 3 in the MM and SE groups (P < 0.05); however, from week 3 to week 4, the therapeutic effect exhibited no significant difference. Thirteen patients at week 2 (15.5%; MM: 27.7%; SE: 0%), 43 at week 3 (51.2%; MM: 83.0%; SE: 10.8%), and 47 at week 4 (56.0%; MM: 85.1%; SE: 18.9%) achieved a VAS score of ${\leq}20$. Patient satisfaction was high, and the decrease in VAS scores in both groups was significant (P < 0.05) compared to the controls. Conclusions: Weekly, low-dose, USG-guided IS-BPB can be implemented for early pain relief in acute cervical radiculopathy, with high patient satisfaction.

Role of neuron and non-neuronal cell communication in persistent orofacial pain

Iwata, Koichi,Shinoda, Masamichi The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2019 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.19 No.2

It is well known that trigeminal nerve injury causes hyperexcitability in trigeminal ganglion neurons, which become sensitized. Long after trigeminal nerve damage, trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis and upper cervical spinal cord (C1/C2) nociceptive neurons become hyperactive and are sensitized, resulting in persistent orofacial pain. Communication between neurons and non-neuronal cells is believed to be involved in these mechanisms. In this article, the authors highlight several lines of evidence that neuron-glial cell and neuron macrophage communication have essential roles in persistent orofacial pain mechanisms associated with trigeminal nerve injury and/or orofacial inflammation.

A Case Study on Urban Ant Fauna of Southern Kyusyu, Japan, with Notes on a New Monitoring Protocol (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Iwata, Kouki,Eguchi, Katsuyuki,Yamane, Seiki Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.3

Ant fauna of a green buffer belt adjacent to an industrial zone in Kagoshima City, southern Kyushu, Japan was elucidated using a standardized protocol. A total of 39 species belonging to 24 genera in five subfamilies were recorded from this park. Most speciose genera are Camponotus and Tetramorium having four species. The number of species per genus is 1.56 on average. Pheidole noda F. Smith, Monomorium chinense Santschi, Solenopsis japonica Wheeler, Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander) and Technomyrmex albipes (F. Smith) were most frequently encountered. Excepting Pheidole noda they are open-land and/or forest-edge inhabitants. Furthermore, Tetramorium bicarinatum and Technomyrmex albipes are tramp species. Thus, ant fauna there strongly reflects environmental conditions derived from urbanization/industrialization. Based on the present results, we propose here a new protocol monitoring ants in urban/industrial zones consisting of baiting and time unit sampling.

戦後から1950年代の日本におけるインダストリアルデザインとデザイナーの職能の確立とその意義について

Iwata Atako 사단법인 한국브랜드디자인학회 2009 브랜드디자인학연구 Vol.7 No.1

The history of modern industrial design in Japan started in the postwar period, i.e. since 1945. People in those days expected that industrial design should play an important role in the reconstruction process. The new era was launched by learning advanced technology and thoughts from the western world. The Government implemented many measures including provision of scholarships to foreign countries and invitation of foreign engineers to Japan. As a result, not only advanced western technology related to industrial design but also the culture elements have been transferred to Japan. Among others, those from the United States ‐ an advanced country in industrial design had made the most significant impact. For instance, the organization of Society of Industrial Designers (SID) of the United States was referred to by Japan Industrial Designers’ Association (JIDA) for its establishment. It was not easy for the Japanese people to understand accurately and to accept industrial design that was foreign culture at that time. There was different understanding on industrial design between Japanese designers and ordinary people and most of the designers hardly could practice it. This basic problem had not been solved in 1950s. However, various measures were applied for solving it, which later led to the clear recognition of industrial design and the creation of richer and more serviceable cultural life in Japan. 近代日本のインダストリアルデザインは戦後の1945年ごろから本格的に始まったと考えられる。戦後の復興にインダストリアルデザインは大きな役割を果たすものと期待されていた。しかしこの時代近代的なインダストリアルデザインはまだ日本に確立しておらず、まずは先進的な技術や思想を学ぶことから始まった。デザイン留学や技術者の招聘など様々な施策[注1]が行われ、欧米の先進的なデザインに関する技術や知識だけではなくその国の文化なども日本に伝えられたが、その中でも特に、アメリカの文化が日本に最も大きな影響を及ぼしたと考えられる。インダストリアルデザインの生まれた地であるアメリカの文化は様々な面から戦後日本に影響を及ぼした。JIDA[注2]もその組織を発足させる際に、アメリカのインダストリアルデザイナー協会(SID)[注3]を参考にした。 当時の日本にとっては異文化であったといえるインダストリアルデザインを正確に理解し受け入れることは、簡単なことではなかった。デザイナーと一般の間でインダストリアルデザインに対する認識に相違があったのはもちろん、デザイナー自身もそれを正しく理解し、実践することは容易なことではなかった。これらの問題は1950年代には解決しなかったが、それらの問題解決のために様々な施策で対処したことにより、その後の日本におけるインダストリアルデザインの定着とより豊かで便利な生活文化の構築へとつながったのである。