유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향

홍희숙(Hee-Sook Hong),장영숙(Young-Sook Jang) 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2013 한국교육문제연구 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구에서는 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 경기도 수원시와 인천시에 소재한 6곳 유치원에 재원 중인 만 4세 유아 250명과 그들의 부모 250명이다. 유아의 기질을 살펴보기 위하여 정인희와 황혜정(2009)에 의해 개발된 부모용 유아 기질 평정척도를 사용하였으며, 부모의 언어통제 유형을 측정하기 위해서는 Bernstein(1971)과 Gumperz(1973)의 연구를 토대로 도혜숙(1997)이 제작한 도구를 사용하였다. 유아의 리더십을 측정하기 위하여 장영숙과 황윤세(2009)에 의해 개발된 교사용 유아 리더십 측정도구를 사용하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 유아의 기질과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 유아의 리더십은 유아의 기질의 하위변인 중 반응성, 적응성, 지속성, 전환성과 유의미한 정적 상관을 나타내었다. 둘째, 부모의 언어통제 유형과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 부모의 인성지향적 언어통제와 지위지향적 언어통제는 유아의 리더십과 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제, 아버지의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 인성지향적 언어통제, 유아 기질 중 규칙성과 적응성의 순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 리더십을 가장 많이 예언하는 변인은 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제이었다. 본 연구는 유아의 리더십을 발달시키기 위해서는 유아의 기질에 대한 올바른 이해 뿐 아니라 부모가 바람직한 언어통제 유형을 사용해야 한다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of young children’s temperament and their parents’ verbal control modes on young children’s leadership. The subjects of this study consisted of 250 young children and their parents in six kindergartens of Incheon and Suwon City. In-Hee Jung and Hae-Jeong Hwang’s young children’s temperament scale for parents(2009) was used for the test of young children’s temperament, and Hae-Sook Do’s instrument(1997) was employed for the evaluation of parents’ verbal control modes. In order to evaluate young children’s leadership, young children’s leadership scale for teachers developed by Young-Sook Jang and Yoon-Se Hwang(2009) was used. The results of the study were as follows. First, responsiveness, adaptability, persistence, and transformation among young children’s temperament were positively correlated with their leadership. Second, for both fathers and mothers, human nature-oriented verbal control mode and position-oriented verbal control mode among parents’ verbal control modes were positively correlated with young children’s leadership. Third, young children’s leadership was most significantly explained by fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode followed by fathers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode, young children’s regularity and adaptability. Fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode was the most predictable factor in explaining young children’s leadership. This study showed the importance of desirable use of parents’ verbal control mode as well as better understanding of young children’s temperament for fostering young children’s leadership.

Nifedipine 투여가 선천성 고혈압 쥐의 CYP1A1과 2B1 유도에 미치는 영향

홍영숙,김형래,박혜영,배영숙,박상신 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1995 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.18 No.3

Cytochrome P-450(CYP) enzymes are important in catalyzing the hiotransffrmation on manyendogeneous compounds and xenobiotics, including drugs and carcinogens. In the presentstudy, effect of nifedipine a voltage dependent calcium channel blocker on the induction ofCYP1A1 and 2B1 was investigated. Change of CYP1A1 and 2B1 activities were measuredby using specific enzyme activities and Western blot analysis. CYP1A1, as quantified by ethoxyresorufin-0-deethylase activity and Western blot with monoclonal antibody 1-7-1, increasedin liver microsome of nifedipine-treated spontaneous hypertensive rat(SHR. 30mg/kg.b.w, twicea day for 3days) but not in kidney microsome. CYP2B1, as quantified by benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity and Western blot wit]1 monoclonal antibody 2-66-3, markedly increasedin liver microsome of nifedipine-treated SHR but slightly in kidney microsome. The resultsdemonstrate that nifedipine is a potent inducer of CYP2B1 in SHR.

고령자 남녀와 20대 남녀에 있어서 다양한 등속수축중 최대 모멘트의 비교

金智源(Ji-Won Kim),金相佑(Sang-Woo Kim),文基旭(Ki-Wook Moon),嚴光文(Gwang-Moon Eom),李泳揆(Young-Gyu Lee),南貞淑(Jung-Sook Nam),朴寬龍(Kwan-Yong Park),金耀翰(Yo-Han Kim),洪廷和(Jeong-Hwa Hong),朴炳奎(Bung-Kyu Park) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.10

In this paper, we investigated the maximum ankle joint plantarflexion moment (MPM) of young and elderly subjects during various modes of isokinetic contractions with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects (14 males: 22.7±2.5yrs, 13 females: 20.5±1.3yrs) and the elderly subjects (17 males: 65.8±10.5yrs, 26 females: 71.4±5.2yrs). The MPM was normalized by each subject's body weight. The MPM of elderly females was the weakest among the groups, particularly, at the eccentric contractions. The male-to-female ratio of MPM was greater in the elderly than in the young and the young-to-elderly ratio of MPM was greater in female than in male, both during the eccentric contractions. The result suggests that the decreased muscle force per body weight, especially at the eccentric contraction, may be one reason for the more frequent fall of the elderly female than the elderly male.

3-Methylcholanthrene 투여와 성장과정이 흰쥐 간조직 microsomal cytochrome P-450 효소계에 미치는 영향

洪永淑,楊謹香 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1988 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.42 No.-

간조직 microsome내 약물대사 효소는 endoplasmic reticulum에 주로 존재하여 세포막과 결합되어 있고 여러 내인적(內因的) 물질과 외인적(外因的)물질 및 많은 다른 이물질 대사에 관여하는 전자전달계로서 작용한다. 또한 이 효소계에는 mixed function oxidase 또는 monooxygenase라 불리우는 중요한 효소군이 존재하며 이들 효소군에는 cytochrome P-450이라는 중요한 성분이 포함되어 있다. Cytochrome P-450은 이 효소계에서 기질과 산소의 결합장소이며 terminal oxidase로 작용한다. 본 실험에서는 3-Methylcholanthrene(3-MC)을 투여하였을 때와, 암컷과 숫컷의 신생, 미성숙 그리고 성숙 흰쥐에서 성별과 성장단계에 따른 micrsomal cytochrome P-450효소계의 활성도변화에 대하여 알고자 하였다. 암컷과 숫컷의 흰쥐 간조직에서 3-MC 투여와 성별 및 성장단계에 따른 cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, cytochrome b_5, NADH-cytochrome C reductase, lipid peroxidation, p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase의 활성도 변화를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 3-MC를 흰쥐에 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450의 활성도가 모두 증가되었으며, 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 2. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome C reductase의 활성도는 모두 증가 되었으며 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 3. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal cytochrome b_5의 활성도는 암컷의 경우 미성숙 성숙 흰쥐에서, 숫컷의 경우 성숙 흰쥐에서 증가되었다. 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 4.3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal NADH-cytochrome C reductase의 활성도는 암컷의 경우 성숙 흰쥐에서, 숫컷의 경우 미성숙, 성숙 흰쥐에서, 증가되었다. 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고, 숫컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 미성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 5. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal lipid peroxide의 형성은 대부분 증가되었으며 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 미성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 미성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 6. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase의 활성도는 모두 증가되었으며, 성장단계에 따른 활서도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. The effects of 3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC), sex, and developmental stage on the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme system in rats were investigated. The result is as follows. 1. The contents of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of the female and male rats the contents of cytochrome P-450 were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature male rats followed by adult and neonatal male rats. 2. The contents of hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome C reductase were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of female and male rats the contents of NADPH-cytochrome C reductase were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature female rats in that order and highest in the immature male rats followed by adult and neonatal male rats in that order. 3. The contents of hepatic microsomal cytochrome b_5 were increased in 3-MC treated immature female, adult female and male rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of the female and male rats the contents of cytochrome b_5 were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature female rats in that order and highest in the immature male rats followed by adult and neonatal male rats in that order. 4. The contents of hepatic microsomal NADH-cytochrome C reductase were increased in 3-MC treated adult female, immature male, and adult male rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of NADH-cytochrome C reductase were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature female rats in that order and highest in the adult male rats followed by immature and neonatal male rats in that order. 5. The formations of lipid peroxide were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of female and male rats the formations of lipid peroxide were highest in the adult female rats followed by the immature and neonatal female rats in that order and highest in the adult male rats followed by immature and neonatal male rats in that order. 6. The contents of hepatic microsomal p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of the female and male rats the contents of p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase were highest in the adult female rats followed by the immature and neonatal female rats in that order and highest in the immature male rats followed by the neonatal and adult male rats in that order.

Higenamine이 흰쥐 간조직 Mixed Function Oxidase System에 미치는 영향

홍영숙,배영숙,성낙응 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1985 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.8 No.3

The effect of intraperitonelly administered higenamine on the cytochrome P -450, b_5, P-nitroanisole-O-demethylase and lipid peroxidation in the rat hepatic microsomes were determined. The following results were obtained ; 1) The intraperitonelly administered higenamine increased contents of rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and b_5. 2) The principal role of cytochrome P-450 in mixed function oxidase reactions includes hydroxylation of various drugs, fatty acids, steroids, pesticides and carcinogens. The increased cytochrome P-450 induced by higenamine decreased on the both AAF of N-hydorxylation and Ring-hydroxylation. 3) Activity of P-nitroanisole-O-demethylase in hepatic microsomes with higenamine was decreased accorting to incresed dosage of higenamine. 4) The formation of lipid peroxides was increased according to increased dosage of higenamine.

膽道閉塞과 副腎剔除 白鼠에서 Hydrocortisone 投與가 2-Acetylaminofluorene의 Hydroxylation에 미치는 影響

洪永淑,成樂應 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1981 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.27 No.-

AAF의 대사물질인 N-hydroxy-AAF는 간암을 일으키는 물질이다. AAF의 대사과정은 hepatic microsomal enzyme에 의해서 이루어 진다. 이런 발암물질 형성에 hydrccoritsone이 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 이실험을 시도하였다. 담도폐색, 부신척제, 담도폐색과 부신척제를 동시에 한 군, 부신척제와 hydrocortisone을 투여한 군 그리고 담도폐색과 부신척제를 동시에 한 군에 hydrocortisone을 12일간 투여한 숫컷과 암컷 흰쥐에서 hepatic microsomal enzyme system에 의한 AAF의 hydroxlation형성을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 담도폐색군에서 N-hydroxy-AAF의 형성은 대조군보다 숫컷 흰주에서 52%, 암컷 흰쥐에서 75% 감소하였다. 2. 부신척제군에서 N-hydroxy-AAF의 형성은 숫컷은 43% 암컷은 57%가 감소하였다. 그러나 hydrocortisone을 투여하였을 때는 약 20% 증가하였다. 3. 담도폐색과 부신척제를 동시에 수술한 군에서 숫컷은 66%, 암컷은 35%의 N-hydroxy-AAF형성이 감소하였다, 그러나 hydrocortis-one을 투여하였을 때도 N-hydroxy-AAF형성은 증가하지 않았다. 4. Hydrocortisone만을 투여하였을 때 N-hydroxy-AAF의 형성은 숫컷이 19%와 암컷이 16% 증가하였다. 이상의 결과들로 부신피질 호르몬은 간암 발생을 위하여 꼭 필요한 인자라는 것과 부신척제와 담도폐색 흰쥐에서는 간암 발생을 저해한다는 것을 시사하는 것이다. The formation of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaninofluorene (N-hydroxy-AAF) by bile-duct ligated male and female rats were reduced to about 50 and 75 per cent respectively. Adrenalectomized male and female rats decreased about 40 and 57 per cent formation of N-hydroxy-AAF than unoperated rate. Administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone for 12 days largely incre-ased the formation of N-hydroxy-AAF by adrenalectomized rats. In adrenalectomized-bile-duct ligated male and female rats, the formation of N-hydroxy-AAF was reduced to 66 and 35 per cent respcctively. Administration of hydrocortisone did not affect on the formation of N-hydroxy-AAF by the dougle operated rats. Administration of hydrocortisone alone caused the increase of the formation of N-hydroxy-AAF by about 20 per cent. These results indicate that adrenalectomy does not affect the breakdown or further metabo lism of N-hydroxy-AAF. Therefore, it appears that adrenal hormones regulate the format-ion of N-hydroxy-AAF. It is suggested that one of the roles of adrenal hormones in promoting hepatic carcino-genesis by 2-acetylaminofluorne in the rat, as shown by other investigatiors, may promote the formation of maintanance of higher levels of the N-hydroxy derivatives.

당뇨병 환자의 혈청 Lipoprotein에 관한 연구

홍영숙,성낙응,경난호,이순남 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1984 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.7 No.3

Lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels have been determined innormal and diabetes. The abnormalities of lipoprotein were investigated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the serum and the 3 major lipoprotein classes for diabetes. HDL cholesterol levels were lower in the diabetes compared to the normals. VLDL triglyceride levels also elevated in the diabetes. There were significant shifts in the distribution of lipoprotein cholesterol, with an increase in LDL cholesterol and decrease in HDL cholesterol. The results of this study suggest that diabetes may be associated with changes in both lipoprotein triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The electrohoretic patterns of VLDL and HDL in diabetes showed the abnorm-al pattern in comparison to normal.

Cytochrome P450과 암

홍영숙 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2004 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.27 No.1

Cytochrome(P450)은 구성성분으로 커다란 군을 이루며 헴을 갖고 유도될 수 있는 효소이다. 이 효소는 다양한 생체이물질의 산화적 대사과정에서 중요한 역할을 한다. P450 효소의 기질들로 많은 것이 발암물질이고 그 외 다른 기질은 항암 약물들이다. 그러므로 P450들은 종양 생물학에서 다양한 잠재력을 가지면서 중요한 역할을 한다. 여러 가지의 P450 유전자는 다형성을 가지며, 특정조직에서 암으로 발전될 위험도를 증가시키는 것과 관련이 있다. 각각의 P450들은, 특히 CYP1B1은 서로 다른형의 종양에서 과발현 되고 있다. 종양에서 P450들의 발현 증가는 고도의 유의성을 가지며 종양으로의 발전과 진행과정을 이해하는 데 중요한 것이다. 종양에 따른 특이적 P450의 발현은 새로운 종양의 진단과 치료 전략으로 발전하는 데 기초가 되는 것이다. The cytochrome P450(P450) are a large group of constitutive and inducible heme-containing enzymes, which have a central role in the oxidative metabolism of a diverse range of xenobiotics. The majority of chemical carcinogens require metabolic activation before they interact with cellular macromolecules and can cause cancer initiation. The xenobiotic-metabolizing machinery contains two main types of enzymes : the phase ⅠP450 mediating oxidative metabolism, and phase Ⅱ containing enzymes. Activity of some enzymes implicated in the metabolism of carcinogens presents a great variability between individuals due to the existence of a polymorphism in gene coding for P450. Individual P450s, especially CYP1B1, are overexpressed in different types of tumors. The increased expressons of P450s in tumors is highly significant and is important for understanding rumor development and progression. The tumor- specific expression of P450s provides the basis for the development of movel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

고혈압성 흰쥐(Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat)에서 Nifedipine투여가 UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase에 미치는 영향

홍영숙,배영숙 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1990 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.13 No.2

UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase(UDPGT) activity was studies in hepatic microsomal preparation from rats treated with nifedipine. The substrates 1-naphthol, P-nitrophenol, 4-methyl-umbelliferone and bilirubine were used. With 1-naphthol, nifedipine 2 and 4 weeks treatment caused 6- and 7.3-fold, respectively, increase in activity over the control value. With 4-methylumbelliferone, nifedipine 2 and 4 weeks treatment caused 5- and 6-fold increase in activity over the control value. With P-nitrophenol, nifedipine 2 and 4weeks treatment caused both approximately 3-fold increase in activity over the control value. However bilirubin-UDPGT activity was not affected by this inducer effects of nifedipine on the hepatic monooxygenase system in rats were investigate. P-Nitroanisole-O-demethylase, NADPH-cytochrome C reductase activity and cytochrome P-450 content in nifedipine treated rats were significantly increased to 390, 290 and 150% of control rats, respectively. The selectivity of nifedipine of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase was investigated in rat liver microsomes and compared with their effect on monooxygenase reactions. Similart o 3-meth-lycholanthrene-type selectively stimulated the glucuronidation induced both UDPGT_1 and monooxygenase activity, probably through a common receptor protein.

우리말의 순화 발달에 관한 연구 : 신문 어휘 조사를 중심으로

홍영숙 세종대학교 국어국문학과 1975 君子語文學 Vol.2 No.-