Effects of Methoxsalen from <i>Poncirus trifoliata</i> on Acetylcholinesterase and Trimethyltin-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment

KIM, Jae Kyeom,CHOI, Soo Jung,BAE, Hyeri,KIM, Cho Rong,CHO, Hong-Yon,KIM, Young Jun,LIM, Seung Taik,KIM, Chang-Ju,KIM, Hye Kyung,PETERSON, Sabrina,SHIN, Dong Hoon Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2011 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry Vol.75 No.10

<P>Previously, we identified methoxsalen (8-methoxy-2′,3′,6,7-furocoumarin) as the bioactive compound probably responsible for acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibition achieved by feeding crude extract of <I>Poncirus trifoliate.</I> To confirm the activity of methoxsalen, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed a control or a methoxsalen-supplemented diet for 4 weeks, and then learning and memory enhancing effects with respect to trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurotoxicity were evaluated. The brain tissues of ICR mice were dissected after completion of the behavioral tests for biochemical analysis. Methoxsalen effectively reversed TMT-induced memory impairment on both Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. Brain AchE activity was inhibited by the oral consumption of all concentrations of methoxsalen. Moreover, the level of oxidative stress was significantly ameliorated in the groups on methodsalen containing diets. This is the first <I>in vivo</I> study conducted with methoxsalen in the field of AD research, and it indicates that further investigation of methoxsalen is warranted.</P>

Inhibitory Effect of <i>Poncirus trifoliate</i> on Acetylcholinesterase and Attenuating Activity against Trimethyltin-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment

KIM, Jae Kyeom,BAE, Heyri,KIM, Mi-Jeong,CHOI, Soo Jung,CHO, Hong Yon,HWANG, Han-Joon,KIM, Young Jun,LIM, Seung Taik,KIM, Eun Ki,KIM, Hye Kyung,KIM, Bok Yong,SHIN, Dong-Hoon Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2009 Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry Vol.73 No.5

<P>Various native Korean plants were screened to find an effective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among these plants, the ethanol extract of <I>Poncirus trifoliate</I> was selected for isolating the AChE inhibitor because it exhibited the highest inhibitory activity (47.31%). To separate the active compound from <I>Poncirus trifoliate</I>, solvent partition, open column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were utilized. The putative chemical structure of the AChE inhibitor was identified as <I>methoxsalen</I> by successive analysis with electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) and <SUP>13</SUP>C/<SUP>1</SUP>H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). To confirm the attenuating effect of the <I>Poncirus trifoliate</I> extract against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurotoxicity, <I>in vivo</I> behavior tests were carried out. Our findings suggest that the <I>Poncirus trifoliate</I> extract significantly reversed TMT-induced learning and memory impairment. These results demonstrate that the <I>Poncirus trifoliate</I> extract could possess a wide range of beneficial activities for neurodegenerative disorders, notably AD.</P>

Nonvolatile Memory Characteristics of Double-Stacked Si Nanocluster Floating Gate Transistor

Kim, Eun-Kyeom,Kim, Kyong-Min,Son, Dae-Ho,Kim, Jeong-Ho,Lee, Kyung-Su,Won, Sung-Hwan,Sok, Jung-Hyun,Hong, Wan-Shick,Park, Kyoung-Wan The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2008 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.8 No.1

We have studied nonvolatile memory properties of MOSFETs with double-stacked Si nanoclusters in the oxide-gate stacks. We formed Si nanoclusters of a uniform size distribution on a 5 nm-thick tunneling oxide layer, followed by a 10 nm-thick intermediate oxide and a second layer of Si nanoclusters by using LPCVD system. We then investigated the memory characteristics of the MOSFET and observed that the charge retention time of a double-stacked Si nanocluster MOSFET was longer than that of a single-layer device. We also found that the double-stacked Si nanocluster MOSFET is suitable for use as a dual-bit memory.

Chemical Characterization and Oxidative Stability of Medium- and Long-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles in Tree-Borne Seed Oils

Kim, Da-Som,Kim, Hoe-Sung,Lee, Kyoung-Tae,Hong, Dong-Lee,Cho, Sung-Rae,Pan, Jeong Hoon,Park, Yong Bae,Lee, Yang-Bong,Kim, Jae Kyeom,Shin, Eui-Cheol Hindawi 2018 Journal of analytical methods in chemistry Vol.2018 No.-

<P>This study was undertaken to evaluate chemical characteristics and oxidative stability of tree-borne seed oils. A total of 15 different fatty acids were identified in six tree-borne seed oils, which included seven types of saturated fatty acids, four types of monounsaturated fatty acids, and four types of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Japanese camphor tree (JCT) had a high content of medium-chain fatty acids (97.94 ± 0.04%), in which fatty acid composition was distinct from those of the other five plant seed oils. Overall, contents of tocopherols, a type of fat-soluble vitamin, ranged between 3.82 ± 0.04 mg/100 g and 101.98 ± 1.34 mg/100 g, respectively. Phytosterol contents ranged from 117.77 ± 1.32 mg/100 g to 479.45 ± 4.27 mg/100 g, respectively. Of all tree-borne seed oils, <I>β</I>-sitosterol was the phytosterol at the highest concentration. Contents of unsaponifiables were between 0.13 ± 0.08 and 2.01 ± 0.02, and values of acid, peroxide, and <I>p</I>-anisidine were between 0.79 ± 0.01 and 38.94 ± 0.24 mg KOH/g, 3.53 ± 0.21 and 127.67 ± 1.79 meq/kg, and 2.07 ± 0.51 and 9.67 ± 0.25, respectively. Oxidative stability of tree-borne seed oils was assessed through measurement of oxidation-induction periods. These results should serve as a foundation to identify the potential of tree-borne seed oils in industrial application as well as in providing fundamental data.</P>

The Need for a Well-Organized, Video-Assisted Asthma Education Program at Korean Primary Care Clinics

Kim, Yee Hyung,Yoo, Kwang Ha,Yoo, Jee-Hong,Kim, Tae-Eun,Kim, Deog Kyeom,Park, Yong Bum,Rhee, Chin Kook,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Kim, Young Sam,Yoon, Hyoung Kyu,Um, Soo-Jung,Park, I-Nae,Ryu, Yon Ju,Jung, Jae-Woo The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.2

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of our new video-assisted asthma education program on patients' knowledge regarding asthma and asthma control. Methods: Adult asthmatics who were diagnosed by primary care physicians and followed for at least 1 year were educated via smart devices and pamphlets. The education sessions were carried out three times at 2-week intervals. Each education period lasted at most 5 minutes. The effectiveness was then evaluated using questionnaires and an asthma control test (ACT). Results: The study enrolled 144 patients (mean age, $56.7{\pm}16.7years$). Half of the patients had not been taught how to use their inhalers. After participating in the education program, the participants' understanding of asthma improved significantly across all six items of a questionnaire assessing their general knowledge of asthma. The proportion of patients who made errors while manipulating their inhalers was reduced to less than 10%. The ACT score increased from $16.6{\pm}4.6$ to $20.0{\pm}3.9$ (p<0.001). The number of asthmatics whose ACT score was at least 20 increased from 45 (33.3%) to 93 (65.3%) (p<0.001). The magnitude of improvement in the ACT score did not differ between patients who received an education session at least three times within 1 year and those who had not. The majority of patients agreed to the need for an education program (95.8%) and showed a willingness to pay an additional cost for the education (81.9%). Conclusion: This study indicated that our newly developed education program would become an effective component of asthma management in primary care clinics.

Protective Effects of Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) against Amyloid Beta Peptide (Aβ)-Induced Neurotoxicity in ICR Mice

KIM, Jae Kyeom,CHOI, Soo Jung,CHO, Hong Yon,HWANG, Han-Joon,KIM, Young Jun,LIM, Seung Taik,KIM, Chang-Ju,KIM, Hye Kyung,PETERSON, Sabrina,SHIN, Dong-Hoon Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2010 Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry Vol.74 No.2

<P>To determine the effects of kaempferol, rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were utilized as neuronal models. Using <I>in vitro</I> assays, kaempferol was shown to have protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Administration of kaempferol also significantly reversed amyloid beta peptide (Aβ)-induced impaired performance in a Y-maze test. Taken altogether, the results reported here suggest that further investigation is warranted of the influence of kaempferol on pathways related to Alzheimer’s disease.</P>

Korean Asthma Guideline 2014: Summary of Major Updates to the Korean Asthma Guideline 2014

Kim, Deog Kyeom,Park, Yong Bum,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Jung, Ki-Suck,Yoo, Ji Hong,Yoo, Kwang-Ha,Kim, Kwan Hyung The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2016 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.79 No.3

Asthma is a prevalent and serious health problem in Korea. Recently, the Korean Asthma Guideline has been updated by The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (KATRD) in an effort to improve the clinical management of asthma. This guideline focuses on adult patients with asthma and aims to deliver up to date scientific evidence and recommendations to general physicians for the management of asthma. For this purpose, this guideline was updated following systematic review and meta-analysis of recent studies and adapting some points of international guidelines (Global Initiative for Asthma [GINA] report 2014, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program [NAEPP] 2007, British Thoracic Society [BTS/SIGN] asthma guideline 2012, and Canadian asthma guideline 2012). Updated issues include recommendations derived using the population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) model, which produced 20 clinical questions on the management of asthma. It also covers a new definition of asthma, the importance of confirming various airflow limitations with spirometry, the epidemiology and the diagnostic flow of asthma in Korea, the importance and evidence for inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and ICS/formoterol as a single maintenance and acute therapy in the stepwise management of asthma, assessment of severity of asthma and management of exacerbation, and an action plan to cope with exacerbation. This guideline includes clinical assessments, and treatment of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome, management of asthma in specific conditions including severe asthma, elderly asthma, cough variant asthma, exercise-induced bronchial contraction, etc. The revised Korean Asthma Guideline is expected to be a useful resource in the management of asthma.

쓰기 효능감이 수학 학습방법 수준에 미치는 영향 및 성찰일지 작성주기에 따른 매개효과에 대한 연구

김홍겸(Kim Hong-Kyeom) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.17

본 연구에서는 일반계 고등학교 1학년 학생들을 대상으로 하여 학생들의 쓰기 효능감 정도가 수학학습방법 수준에 유의미한 차이를 미치는지와 이 과정에서 성찰일지 작성주기가 매개효과로서 유의미한지를 알아보았다. 따라서 본 연구를 위해 연구대상 학생들에게 수학 수업 동안 성찰일지를 작성하게 하였으며 1년의 수학 수업이 끝난 12월 말에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사롤 통해 얻은 171명의 유효한 데이터를 바탕으로 통계적인 분석을 실시하였다. 자료분석은 설문지가 작성된 이후 통계조사 및 면담을 통해서 실시하였다. 분석결과 쓰기 효능감이 높을수록 수학학습방법을 측정하는 조사에서 높은 점수를 받았으며 성찰일지를 자주 작성하는 경우에도 동일한 결과를 나타냈다. 또한 쓰기 효능감은 수학학습방법에 정적인 영향을 주었으며 이 과정에서 성찰일지의 작성 주기가 유의미한 매개효과로 작용했다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. In this study, the first-year students in general high school were studied to find out whether writing efficacy makes significant difference in the level of the mathematical learning method and whether the period of writing reflective journals was significant in the process as a mediated effect. Therefore, for this study, the students were asked to fill out a reflective journal during the every math classes, and the survey was conducted at the end of he year s math class, at the end of December. Statistical analysis was conducted based on 171 data collected, valid to be used in statistical analysis. Data analysis was obtained through statistical analysis and interviews after the questionnaire was collected from students. As a result of analysis, the student with higher score in the mathematics learning method has the higher degree of self-efficacy writing. And the same result was revealed when they write the reflective journal more frequently. In addition, writing self-efficacy had positive effect on the method of learning in mathematics and the period of writing the reflective journal worked was a significant medium.

인공지능 리터러시를 위한 고등학교 수학 교육내용 개정 방향 연구

김홍겸 ( Kim Hong-kyeom ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2021 교육문화연구 Vol.27 No.3

4차 산업혁명이 진행되면서 사회의 많은 분야에서 변화가 일어나고 있다. 이러한 변화의 핵심에 있는 것이 바로 인공지능이다. 세계 여러 나라에서 인공지능 인재 양성을 위한 여러 가지 정책들이 수행되고 있고 우리 나라도 이 추세에 맞추어 인공지능 교육과 관련된 계획을 수립하고 있다. 하지만 이에 대한 확실한 방향이 설정되고 있지는 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인공지능 교육이 나아가야 할 방향을 인공지능 리터러시 함양이라고 보고 이를 위해서 인공지능과 가장 관련이 깊은 과목 중 하나인 수학의 고등학교 과정 교육 내용이 어떻게 변화해야 하는지를 탐색하였다. 현재의 고등학교 수학교과 내용은 앞으로 우리가 맞이하게 될 인공지능 시대를 이해하는 데에 많은 부족함이 있다. 특별히 인공지능이 어떻게 작동하게 되는지 원리를 이해하기 위한 내용들이 많이 생략되어 있다. 본 연구의 결과 인공지능을 잘 이해하고 활용하기 위해서는 기존 교육과정에서 축소되거나 삭제된 행렬, 그래프 이론, 공간벡터 및 이산수학과 관련된 내용을 추가해야 할 필요가 있어 보인다. 이러한 요소들은 인공지능의 주된 활용능력인 빅데이터, 음성인식, 텍스트 마이닝 등의 중요한 원리가 되기 때문에 추가되어야 한다. 다만 이를 기존 교육과정과 잘 융화시켜 편입시키는 데에 대한 논의가 필요하다. As the Fourth Industrial Revolution progresses, numerous areas of our society are experiencing profound change. Artificial intelligence is at the core of this change, accomplishing things that humans have never achieved before. In line with the development of artificial intelligence, many countries worldwide, such as Korea, strive to nurture competent people in artificial intelligence-related fields, and many state that artificial intelligence education should be strengthened. However, the discourse on appropriate future directions for artificial intelligence is still lacking. Therefore, this study considered that the appropriate direction for artificial intelligence education lies in fostering artificial intelligence literacy. To this end, we explored how the contents of high school mathematics, a core subject related to artificial intelligence, should change. The content of current high school mathematics education is insufficient to understand the artificial intelligence era we are expected to face. To enable students to understand the artificial intelligence era, or to attain artificial intelligence literacy, artificial intelligence-related factors should be added to the contents of existing mathematics. Artificial intelligence literacy will require the provision of education on the matrix, spatial vectors, algorithms, decision-making and optimization, and graph theory of discrete mathematics.

코로나-19 상황에서의 수학과 원격수업의 만족도 및 수학학습과의 연관성에 대한 사례연구

김홍겸 ( Kim¸ Hong-kyeom ) 한국수학교육학회 2021 수학교육논문집 Vol.35 No.3

2020년 처음 발생한 코로나는 사회 전반에 많은 변화를 초래했다. 이러한 변화에 있어 교육 역시 예외가 아니었다. 학교에서는 사상 유례없는 온라인 개학을 시행했고 학생들과 교사는 충분한 준비 없이 원격수업에 참여해야 했다. 원격수업과 관련하여 관련 자료 개발, 만족도 조사와 같은 연구들이 수행되었으나 실제 학교 현장을 기반으로 한 연구는 없었다. 따라서 본 연구는 2020년부터 원격수업에 참여한 고등학교 학생들을 대상으로 하여 원격수업의 방식 및 만족도를 조사하고 원격수업 만족도와 수학학습과 관련된 하위요소들과의 관계를 탐색하였다. 연구결과 수학 교과에서는 원격수업이 대체로 실시간 쌍방향 수업의 형태로 이루어졌으며 학생들은 수학학습에 만족을 느꼈다. 하지만 원격수업을 지속해야 하는 것의 문제에 있어서 어느 정도 상반된 의견을 표명하였다. 또한, 통계분석 결과 원격수업에 대한 만족도에 따라 수학학습 의지, 전략, 수학에 대한 가치, 학습의욕 등에서 차이가 나타나는 것으로 드러났다. Corona, which first broke out in 2020, has caused many changes in many parts of society. Education was not an exception to this change. Teachers had to prepare online classes and students were asked to participate in it without sufficient preparation. Regarding online learning, many studies, in the field of developing teaching module and material or observing the satisfaction of online class, were conducted but there was no study based on how online class is happening in school. Therefore, this study was to investigate the current situation and satisfaction of online class for high school students and explored the relationship between sub-elements of mathematics learning and the level of satisfaction of online learning. As a result, mathematics online class was generally conducted in the form of real-time interactive classes and students felt a little satisfied with it. However, some conflicting opinions were expressed on the continuation of mathematics online learning. In addition, the study found that the higher level of satisfaction students have with online class, the difference appears in the sub-elements of learning mathematics such as values of mathematics, and motivation to learn, willingness to learn mathematics, learning strategies according to the safisfactory level of online class.