http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Competence development in the public sector: Development, or dismantling of professionalism?
Katrin Hjort 서울대학교 교육연구소 2008 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.9 No.1
For more than a decade, competence development has been a key concept of modem management in both the private and the public sector, but to some extent its meaning and practice have been different in the two sectors. In the public sector in particular, competence development has been closely related to a number of other buzzwords characterizing dominant Neo-Liberal political conceptions, such as Lifelong Learning, New Public Management, Market Orientation and Decentralization. From an idealistic point of view, competence development is intended to promote professionalism, understood as knowledge creation, self-management and the ethical commitment of civil servants. However, the development has increasingly involved elements of supervision, declining flexibility and time consuming evaluation, which may have contributed to the dequalification and de-motivation of civil servants. It is therefore a basic question as to whether the learning activities normally labelled as competence development are part of a developing or a dismantling process in relation to professionalism in the public sector. This paper seeks to deal with this question in so far as it relates to the case of Denmark, which is usually regarded as a significant example of the so-called Nordic Welfare State Model, implying the strong, democratic and service-minded role of the public sector.
Single electron transistor with a single conjugated molecule
Sergey Kubatkin,Andrey Danilov,jean-Luc Br?as,Thomas Bj?nholm,Mattias Hjort,Jerome Cornil,Nicolai Stuhr-Hansen,Per Hedeg?d 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.5
We report on a single electron transistor (SET) where the electronic levels of a singlep-conjugated molecule control the electron transport properties. The molecule can be in several distinct charged states from +3 to)4. The experiment closely resembles electrochemical measurements allowing us to report on quantitative measurements of the redox potentials (or ionization potentials)of a single molecule in a solid state device. The molecular excitation energies extracted from the SET measurements are strongly correlated with electrochemical data. In contrast, the HOMOLUMO gap is strongly reduced in a solid state environment, ascompared to solution. We suggest that this surprising eect may be caused by image charges generated in the source and drain electrodes. They will result in a strong localization of the charges on the molecule.